Brigadier General James Monroe Williams

Yan, known in historiography as the Later Yan (simplified Chinese: 后燕; traditional Chinese: 後燕; pinyin: Hòu Yān; 384 – 407 or 409), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Xianbei people, located in modern-day northeast China, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms.[10]

All rulers of the Later Yan declared themselves "emperors".

Rulers of the Later Yan

Temple names Posthumous names Family names and given name Durations of reigns Era names and their according durations
Shizu (世祖) Chengwu (成武) Murong Chui 384–396 Yanwang (燕王) 384–386
Jianxing (建興) 386–396
Liezong (烈宗) Huimin (惠愍) Murong Bao 396–398 Yongkang (永康) 396–398
Lan Han 398 Qinglong (青龍/青龙) 398
Zhongzong (中宗) Zhaowu (昭武) Murong Sheng 398–401 Jianping (建平) 398
Changle (長樂) 399–401
Zhaowen (昭文) Murong Xi 401–407 Guangshi (光始) 401–406
Jianshi (建始) 407
Huiyi (惠懿) Murong Yun1
or Gao Yun1
407–409 Zhengshi (正始) 407–409
1 The family name of Gao Yun was changed to Murong when he was adopted by the royal family. If Gao Yun was counted as a ruler of the Later Yan, the state would end in 409. It ended in 407 otherwise.

See also

References

  1. ^ "中央研究院網站". www.sinica.edu.tw.
  2. ^ a b Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 106.
  3. ^ "中央研究院網站". www.sinica.edu.tw.
  4. ^ "中央研究院網站". www.sinica.edu.tw.
  5. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 109.
  6. ^ "中央研究院網站". www.sinica.edu.tw.
  7. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 114.
  8. ^ "中央研究院網站". www.sinica.edu.tw.
  9. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 115.
  10. ^ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 59. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.