Colonel William A. Phillips

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The 1924 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate which coincided with the election of Republican President Calvin Coolidge to a full term. The 32 seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. The strong economy and Coolidge's popularity helped Republican candidates increase their majority by three. Republicans would gain a further two seats through mid-term vacancies bringing their seat share to 56-39-1.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Three Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

State Senator Replaced by
Colorado (special) Alva B. Adams Rice W. Means
Connecticut Frank B. Brandegee Hiram Bingham III
Oklahoma Robert L. Owen William B. Pine
Rhode Island LeBaron B. Colt Jesse H. Metcalf
West Virginia Davis Elkins Guy D. Goff

Defeats

Four Democrats, four Republicans, and one Farmer-Labor sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

State Senator Replaced by
Delaware L. Heisler Ball T. Coleman du Pont
Illinois Medill McCormick Charles S. Deneen
Kentucky Augustus O. Stanley Frederic M. Sackett
Massachusetts David I. Walsh Frederick H. Gillett
Minnesota Magnus Johnson Thomas D. Schall
New Mexico Holm O. Bursum Sam G. Bratton
South Carolina Nathaniel B. Dial Cole L. Blease
South Dakota Thomas Sterling William H. McMaster
Tennessee John K. Shields Lawrence Tyson

Post-election Changes

State Senator Replaced by
Iowa (class 2) Smith W. Brookhart Daniel F. Steck
Iowa (class 3) Albert B. Cummins David W. Stewart
Indiana Samuel M. Ralston Arthur R. Robinson
Maine Bert M. Fernald Arthur R. Gould
Missouri Selden P. Spencer George H. Williams
Wisconsin Robert M. La Follette Robert M. La Follette Jr.

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1924.

  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38
N.C.
Ran
D37
Mont.
Ran
D36
Miss.
Ran
D35
Mass.
Ran
D34
La.
Ran
D33
Ky.
Ran
D32
Ga.
Ran
D31
Colo. (sp)
Retired
D30
Ark.
Ran
D29
Ala.
Ran
D39
Okla.
Retired
D40
S.C.
Ran
D41
Tenn.
Ran
D42
Texas
Ran
D43
Va.
Ran
FL1 FL2
Minn.
Ran
R51
Wyo.
Ran
R50
W.Va.
Hold
R49
S.D.
Ran
Majority →
R39
Iowa
Ran
R40
Kan.
Ran
R41
Maine
Ran
R42
Mich. (reg)
Mich. (sp)
Ran
R43
Neb.
Ran
R44
N.H.
Ran
R45
N.J.
Ran
R46
N.M.
Ran
R47
Ore.
Ran
R48
R.I. (reg)
R.I. (sp)
Died
R38
Ill.
Ran
R37
Idaho
Ran
R36
Del.
Ran
R35
Conn. (sp)
Died
R34
Colo. (reg)
Ran
R33 R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Elections results

  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38
Tenn.
Hold
D37
S.C.
Hold
D36
N.C.
Re-elected
D35
N.M.
Gain
D34
Mont.
Re-elected
D33
Miss.
Re-elected
D32
La.
Re-elected
D31
Ga.
Re-elected
D30
Ark.
Re-elected
D29
Ala.
Re-elected
D39
Texas
Re-elected
D40
Va.
Re-elected
FL1 R55
Wyo.
Re-elected
R54
W.Va.
Hold
R53
S.D.
Hold
R52
R.I. (reg)
R.I. (sp)
Elected[a]
R51
Ore.
Re-elected
R50
Okla.
Gain
R49
N.J.
Re-elected
Majority →
R39
Ill.
Hold
R40
Iowa
Re-elected
R41
Kan.
Re-elected
R42
Ky.
Gain
R43
Maine
Re-elected
R44
Mass.
Gain
R45
Mich. (reg)
Mich. (sp)
Elected[a]
R46
Minn.
Gain
R47
Neb.
Re-elected
R48
N.H.
Re-elected
R38
Idaho
Re-elected
R37
Del.
Hold
R36
Conn. (sp)
Hold
R35
Colo. (sp)
Gain
R34
Colo. (reg)
Re-elected
R33 R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Key
D# Democratic
FL# Farmer–Labor
R# Republican

Race summaries

Special elections during the 68th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1924 or before March 4, 1925; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Colorado
(Class 3)
Alva B. Adams Democratic 1923 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired to run for the Class 2 seat, see below.
New senator elected November 4, 1924.
Republican gain.
Michigan
(Class 2)
James Couzens Republican 1922 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected November 4, 1924.
Rhode Island
(Class 2)
LeBaron B. Colt Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent died August 18, 1924.
New senator elected November 4, 1924.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
Connecticut
(Class 3)
Frank B. Brandegee Republican 1905 (special)
1909
1914
1920
Incumbent died October 14, 1924.
New senator elected December 16, 1924.
Republican hold.

Elections leading to the 69th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1925; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama J. Tom Heflin Democratic 1920 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas Joseph T. Robinson Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Colorado Lawrence C. Phipps Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Delaware L. Heisler Ball Republican 1903 (special)
1906 (Lost)
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Georgia William J. Harris Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Idaho William Borah Republican 1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William Borah (Republican) 79.5%
  • Frank Martin (Democratic) 20.1%
Illinois Medill McCormick Republican 1918 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Incumbent then died and winner was appointed to finish the current term.
Iowa Smith W. Brookhart Republican 1922 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Election was later successfully challenged after the new senator had been seated.[2]
Kansas Arthur Capper Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Arthur Capper (Republican) 70.1%
  • James Malone (Democratic) 25.2%
Kentucky Augustus O. Stanley Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Louisiana Joseph E. Ransdell Democratic 1912
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Maine Bert M. Fernald Republican 1916 (special)
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts David I. Walsh Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Michigan James Couzens Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Minnesota Magnus Johnson Farmer–Labor 1923 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Mississippi Pat Harrison Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Montana Thomas J. Walsh Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska George W. Norris Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire Henry W. Keyes Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey Walter E. Edge Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
New Mexico Holm O. Bursum Republican 1921 (Appointed)
1921 (special)
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
North Carolina F. M. Simmons Democratic 1901
1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Oklahoma Robert L. Owen Democratic 1907
1913
1918
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Oregon Charles L. McNary Republican 1917 (Appointed)
1918 (Not elected)
1918 (Appointed)
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Rhode Island LeBaron B. Colt Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent died August 18, 1924.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.
South Carolina Nathaniel B. Dial Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
South Dakota Thomas Sterling Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Tennessee John K. Shields Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Texas Morris Sheppard Democratic 1913 (special)
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia Carter Glass Democratic 1920
1920 (special)
Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia Davis Elkins Republican 1911 (Appointed)
1911 (Retired)
1918
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Wyoming Francis E. Warren Republican 1895
1901
1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.

Closest races

Eight races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State Party of winner Margin
Iowa Republican 0.1%
Minnesota Republican (flip) 1.0%
Massachusetts Republican (flip) 1.7%
New Mexico Democratic (flip) 2.5%
Kentucky Republican (flip) 3.12%
West Virginia Republican 3.2%
Colorado (regular) Republican 6.3%
Colorado (special) Republican (flip) 6.5%

The tipping point state is Wyoming with a margin of 10.4%.

Alabama

1924 United States Senate election in Alabama[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic J. Thomas Heflin (Incumbent) 154,560 79.52%
Republican Frank H. Lathrop 39,818 20.48%
Majority 114,742 59.04%
Turnout 194,378
Democratic hold

Arkansas

1924 United States Senate election in Arkansas[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joseph T. Robinson (Incumbent) 100,408 73.52%
Republican Charles F. Cole 36,163 26.48%
Majority 64245 47.04%
Turnout 136,571
Democratic hold

Colorado

Colorado (special)

1924 United States Senate special election in Colorado[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Rice W. Means 159,353 50.17%
Democratic Morrison Shafroth 138,714 43.67%
Independent Charles T. Philip 17,542 5.52%
Independent Clyde Robinson 2,012 0.63%
Majority 20,639 6.50%
Turnout 317,621
Republican gain from Democratic

Colorado (regular)

1924 United States Senate election in Colorado[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lawrence C. Phipps (Incumbent) 159,698 50.19%
Democratic Alva B. Adams (Incumbent[b]) 139,660 43.89%
Independent Morton Alexander 16,039 5.04%
Independent Elwood Hillis 1,575 0.50%
Independent James Albert Ayres 1,197 0.38%
Majority 20,038 6.20%
Turnout 318,169
Republican hold

Connecticut (special)

1924 United States Senate special election in Connecticut[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Hiram Bingham III 112,400 60.35%
Democratic Hamilton Holt 71,871 38.59%
Socialist Martin Plunkett 1,961 1.05%
Majority 40,529 21.76%
Turnout 186,232
Republican hold

Delaware

1924 United States Senate election in Delaware[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican T. Coleman du Pont 52,731 59.37%
Democratic James M. Tunnell 36,085 40.63%
Majority 16,646 18.74%
Turnout 88,816
Republican hold

Georgia

Democratic primary, 10 September 1924
CandidatePopular voteCounty unit vote
Votes%Votes%
William J. Harris144,74065.6638092.23
Thomas W. Hardwick75,71334.34327.77
Total220,453100.00412100.00
Source: [4]
1924 United States Senate election in Georgia[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic William J. Harris (Incumbent) 155,497 100.00%
Democratic hold

Idaho

County results
Borah:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
1924 United States Senate election in Idaho[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William Borah (Incumbent) 99,846 79.50%
Democratic Frank Martin 25,199 20.06%
Socialist Eugene F. Gary 554 0.44%
Majority 74,647 59.44%
Turnout 125,599
Republican hold

Illinois

1924 United States Senate election in Illinois[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charles S. Deneen 1,449,180 63.54%
Democratic Albert A. Sprague 806,702 35.37%
Socialist George Koop 18,708 0.82%
Socialist Labor Albert Wirth 2,966 0.13%
Workers J. Louis Engdahl 2,518 0.11%
Commonwealth Land Lewis D. Spaulding 391 0.02%
Independent Parke Longworth 382 0.02%
Majority 642,478 28.17%
Turnout 2,280,847
Republican hold

Iowa

1924 United States Senate election in Iowa[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Smith W. Brookhart (Incumbent) 447,706 49.95%
Democratic Daniel F. Steck 446,951 49.83%
Independent Republican Luther Brewer 1,124 0.13%
Independent L. E. Eickelberg 535 0.06%
None Scattering 31 0.00%
Majority 755 0.09%
Turnout 896,347
Republican hold

Democrat Daniel F. Steck successfully challenged the election and the Senate awarded Steck the seat on April 12, 1926.

Kansas

1924 United States Senate election in Kansas[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Arthur Capper (Incumbent) 428,494 70.10%
Democratic James Malone 154,189 25.22%
Independent Fred J. Farley 23,266 3.81%
Socialist S. O. Coble 5,340 0.87%
Majority 274,305 44.88%
Turnout 611,289
Republican hold

Kentucky

1924 United States Senate election in Kentucky[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Frederic M. Sackett 406,121 51.56%
Democratic Augustus Owsley Stanley (incumbent) 381,605 48.44%
Majority 24,516 3.12%
Turnout 787,726
Republican gain from Democratic

Louisiana

1924 United States Senate election in Louisiana[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joseph E. Ransdell (Incumbent) 94,934 100.00%
Democratic hold

Maine

1924 United States Senate election in Maine[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bert M. Fernald (Incumbent) 148,783 60.43%
Democratic Fulton J. Redman 97,428 39.57%
Majority 51,355 20.86%
Turnout 246,211
Republican hold

Massachusetts

1924 United States Senate election in Massachusetts[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Frederick H. Gillett 566,188 50.26%
Democratic David I. Walsh (Incumbent) 547,600 48.61%
Workers Antoinette Konikow 12,716 1.13%
None All others 22 0.00%
Majority 18588 1.65%
Turnout 1,126,526
Republican gain from Democratic

Michigan

Michigan (special)

1924 United States Senate special election in Michigan[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican James J. Couzens (incumbent) 839,569 75.04%
Democratic Mortimer E. Cooley 266,851 23.85%
Prohibition Frank E. Titus 7,452 0.67%
Socialist Labor Logan M. Cunningham 3,360 0.30%
Socialist Albert L. Day 1,555 0.14%
None Scattering 16 0.00%
Majority 572,718 51.19%
Turnout 1,118,803
Republican hold

Michigan (regular)

Michigan general election[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican James J. Couzens (Incumbent) 858,934 74.26%
Democratic Thomas A. E. Weadock 284,609 24.60%
Prohibition Frank E. Titus 8,330 0.72%
Socialist Labor Logan M. Cunningham 3,080 0.27%
Socialist Albert L. Day 1,619 0.14%
None Scattering 154 0.01%
Majority 574,325 49.66%
Turnout 1,156,726
Republican hold

Minnesota

1924 United States Senate election in Minnesota[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Thomas D. Schall 388,594 46.45%
Farmer–Labor Magnus Johnson (Incumbent) 380,646 45.50%
Democratic John J. Farrell 53,709 6.42%
Beer-Wine Independent Merle Birmingham 8,620 1.03%
Independent Thomas Keefe 4,994 0.60%
Majority 7,948 0.95%
Turnout 836,563
Republican gain from Farmer–Labor

Mississippi

1924 United States Senate election in Mississippi[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Pat Harrison (Incumbent) 97,243 100.00%
Democratic hold

Montana

Incumbent Democrat Thomas J. Walsh, who was first elected to the Senate in 1912 by the state legislature (as was the practice then), and re-elected in 1918 by popular vote (in accordance with the 17th Amendment), ran for re-election. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary.

He faced former State Representative Frank Bird Linderman and several other opponents in the general election. Walsh ultimately won re-election to his third term by a solid margin.

1924 United States Senate election in Montana[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Thomas J. Walsh (Incumbent) 89,681 52.81%
Republican Frank B. Linderman 72,000 42.40%
Farmer–Labor J. W. Anderson 7,370 4.34%
Socialist Charles F. Juttner 522 0.31%
Independent Sam W. Teagarden 248 0.15%
Majority 17,681 10.41%
Turnout 169,821
Democratic hold

Nebraska

1924 United States Senate election in Nebraska[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George W. Norris (Incumbent) 274,647 62.56%
Democratic J. J. Thomas 164,370 37.44%
N/A Scattering 14 <0.01%
Majority 110,277 25.12%
Turnout 439,031
Republican hold

New Hampshire

1924 United States Senate election in New Hampshire[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Henry W. Keyes (Incumbent) 94,432 59.76%
Democratic George E. Farrand 63,596 40.24%
Majority 30,836 19.52%
Turnout 158,028
Republican hold

New Jersey

1924 United States Senate election in New Jersey[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Walter Evans Edge (Incumbent) 608,020 61.84%
Democratic Frederick W. Donnelly 331,034 33.67%
Progressive George L. Record 37,795 3.84%
Prohibition Grafton E. Day 3,961 0.40%
Workers Rudolf Vollgraf 1,127 0.11%
Socialist Labor John C. Butterworth 1,000 0.10%
Commonwealth Land Herman G. Loew 238 0.02%
Majority 276,986 28.17%
Turnout 983,175
Republican hold

New Mexico

1924 United States Senate election in New Mexico[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sam G. Bratton 57,355 51.25%
Republican Holm O. Bursum (Incumbent) 54,558 48.75%
Majority 2,797 2.50%
Turnout 111,913
Democratic gain from Republican

North Carolina

1924 United States Senate election in North Carolina[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic F. M. Simmons (Incumbent) 295,404 61.57%
Republican A. A. Whitener 184,393 38.43%
Majority 111,011 23.14%
Turnout 479,797
Democratic hold

Oklahoma

1924 United States Senate election in Oklahoma[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William B. Pine (Incumbent) 341,518 61.65%
Democratic John C. Walton 196,473 35.47%
Farmer–Labor George Wilson 15,936 2.88%
Majority 145,045 26.18%
Turnout 553,927
Republican gain from Democratic

Oregon

1924 United States Senate election in Oregon[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charles L. McNary (Incumbent) 174,672 65.96%
Democratic Milton A. Miller 65,340 24.67%
Progressive F. E. Coulter 20,379 7.70%
Socialist Labor R. Robinson 4,412 1.67%
Majority 109,332 41.29%
Turnout 264,803
Republican hold

Rhode Island

Rhode Island (special)

1924 United States Senate election in Rhode Island[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jesse H. Metcalf (Incumbent) 116,572 56.38%
Democratic William S. Flynn 88,138 42.63%
Workers James P. Reid 1,214 0.59%
Liberal Independent Edward M. Sullivan 845 0.41%
Majority 28,434 13.75%
Turnout 206,769
Republican hold

Rhode Island (regular)

1924 United States Senate election in Rhode Island[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jesse H. Metcalf (Incumbent) 120,815 57.63%
Democratic William S. Flynn 87,620 41.80%
Liberal Independent Edward M. Sullivan 475 0.23%
Workers James P. Reid 419 0.20%
Socialist Labor Peter McDermott 297 0.14%
Majority 33,195 15.83%
Turnout 209,626
Republican hold

South Carolina

1924 United States Senate election in South Carolina[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Coleman Livingston Blease 50,751 100.00%
Democratic hold

South Dakota

1924 United States Senate election in South Dakota[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William H. McMaster (Incumbent) 90,310 45.40%
Democratic U. S. G. Cherry 63,818 32.08%
Farmer–Labor Tom Ayres 23,962 12.05%
Independent George Egan 14,390 7.23%
Independent Charles Hall Dillon 3,930 1.98%
Independent Loucks 1,380 0.69%
Independent Don Livingston 1,122 0.56%
Majority 26,492 13.32%
Turnout 198,912
Republican hold

Tennessee

1924 United States Senate election in Tennessee[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lawrence Tyson 147,871 57.32%
Republican Hugh B. Lindsay 109,859 42.59%
Independent S. B. Williams 242 0.09%
Majority 38,012 14.73%
Turnout 257,972
Democratic hold

Texas

1924 United States Senate election in Texas[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Morris Sheppard (Incumbent) 591,913 85.40%
Republican T. M. Kennerly 101,208 14.60%
Majority 490,705 70.80%
Turnout 693,121
Democratic hold

Virginia

1924 United States Senate election in Virginia[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Carter Glass (Incumbent) 151,498 73.12%
Republican W. N. Noak 50,092 24.18%
Progressive Carroll L. Riker 5,594 2.70%
Majority 101,406 48.94%
Turnout 207,184
Democratic hold

West Virginia

1924 United States Senate election in West Virginia[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Guy D. Goff 290,004 50.92%
Democratic William E. Chilton 271,809 47.72%
Socialist M. S. Holt 7,751 1.36%
Majority 18,195 3.20%
Turnout 569,564
Republican hold

Wyoming

1924 United States Senate election in Wyoming[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Francis E. Warren (Incumbent) 41,293 53.04%
Democratic Robert R. Rose 33,536 43.07%
Progressive G. E. Kindler 2,224 2.86%
Independent William B. Guthrie 805 1.03%
Majority 7,757 9.97%
Turnout 77,858
Republican hold

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Appointee elected
  2. ^ Adams was the incumbent for Colorado's other Senate seat. He opted to run for this seat instead of running for election there.

References

  1. ^ "Our Campaigns - MI US Senate Race - Nov 04, 1924". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
  2. ^ This is the only time a Senate election has been overturned after one candidate had already been seated.[citation needed]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1924" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  4. ^ Compiled by Ruth Blair, ed. (1925). Georgia's Official Register, 1925 (PDF). Atlanta, GA: State of Georgia, Department of Archives and History. p. 173-175.
  5. ^ Heard, Alexander; Strong, Donald (1950). Southern Primaries and Elections 1920-1949. University of Alabama Press. pp. 167–169. ISBN 9780836955248.