Communalism may refer to:
- African communalism, a system of interdependence in rural Africa
- Christian communism, form of religious communism based on Christianity
- Communalism (Bookchin), a theory of government in which autonomous communities form confederations
- Communalism (historiography), a historical method that follows the development of communities
- Communalism (South Asia), violence across ethnic or communal boundaries
- Intentional community, a planned, socially-cohesive, residential community
- Medieval communalism, a system of mutual allegiance and defense between cities in the European Middle Ages
- Municipalism, governance by a region's local administrative division