Colonel William A. Phillips

The governor of Rhode Island is the head of government of Rhode Island and serves as commander-in-chief of the U.S. state's Army National Guard and Air National Guard. The current governor is Dan McKee.

Governors

Rhode Island was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on May 29, 1790.[2] Before it declared its independence, Rhode Island was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

The state initially continued operating under the provisions of its 1663 charter, which simply said that the governor and deputy-governor would be elected from time to time. The 1842 constitution formalized the terms for governor and lieutenant governor to be one year, beginning on the first Tuesday of May after the election.[3] Amendment XVI, taking effect in 1911, changed the term to be two years beginning from the first Tuesday in the January after the election.[4] Terms were lengthened to four years in 1992, but governors were now limited to succeeding themselves only once.[5] Should the office of governor be vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[6]

Governors of the State of Rhode Island
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[a][b]
1   Nicholas Cooke
(1717–1782)
[7]
November 7, 1775[c]

May 6, 1778
(did not run)
None[9] 1776   William Bradford
1777
2 William Greene
(1731–1809)
[10]
May 6, 1778[11]

May 3, 1786
(lost election)
None[9] 1778 Jabez Bowen
1779
1780 William West
1781 Jabez Bowen
1782
1783
1784
1785
3 John Collins
(1717–1795)
[12][13]
May 3, 1786[14]

May 5, 1790
(lost election)
None[9] 1786 Daniel Owen
1787
1788
1789
4 Arthur Fenner
(1745–1805)
[15][16]
May 5, 1790[17]

October 15, 1805
(died in office)
Country 1790 Samuel J. Potter
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799 George Brown
1800 Samuel J. Potter
1801
1802
1803 Paul Mumford
(died July 20, 1805)
1804
1805
Vacant
5 Henry Smith
(1766–1818)
[18][19]
October 15, 1805[18]

May 7, 1806
(lost election)
Democratic-
Republican
[d]
Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
[e]
6 Isaac Wilbour
(1763–1837)
[18][20]
May 7, 1806[21]

May 6, 1807
(successor took office)[f]
Democratic-
Republican
[22]
1806[g] Acting as governor
7 James Fenner
(1771–1846)
[24][25]
May 6, 1807[11]

May 1, 1811
(lost election)
Democratic-
Republican
[11]
1807 Constant Taber
1808 Simeon Martin
1809
1810 Isaac Wilbour
8 William Jones
(1753–1822)
[26][27]
May 1, 1811[26]

May 7, 1817
(lost election)
Federalist[11] 1811 Simeon Martin
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816 Jeremiah Thurston
9 Nehemiah R. Knight
(1780–1854)
[28][29]
May 7, 1817[30]

January 9, 1821
(resigned)[h]
Democratic-
Republican
[11]
1817 Edward Wilcox
1818
1819
1820
Edward Wilcox
(unknown)
[33]
January 9, 1821[11]

May 2, 1821
(did not run)
Democratic-
Republican
[11]
Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
[i]
Vacant
10 William C. Gibbs
(1787–1871)
[34][35]
May 2, 1821[36]

May 5, 1824
(did not run)
Democratic-
Republican
[11]
1821 Caleb Earle
1822
1823
11 James Fenner
(1771–1846)
[24][25]
May 5, 1824[37]

May 4, 1831
(lost election)
Democratic-
Republican
[11]
1824 Charles Collins
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
12 Lemuel H. Arnold
(1792–1852)
[38][39]
May 4, 1831[40]

May 1, 1833
(lost election)
National
Republican
[11]
1831
1832[j]
13 John Brown Francis
(1791–1864)
[41][42]
May 1, 1833[43]

May 2, 1838
(lost election)
Democratic-
Republican
/
Anti-Masonic[44]
1833 Jeffrey Hazard
Democratic[44] 1834
1835 George Engs
1836 Jeffrey Hazard
1837 Benjamin Babock Thurston
14 William Sprague III
(1799–1856)
[45][46]
May 2, 1838[47]

May 2, 1839
(lost election)
Whig[11] 1838 Joseph Childs
15 Samuel Ward King
(1786–1851)
[48][49]
May 2, 1839[50]

May 2, 1843
(did not run)[48]
Whig[11] 1839[k] Byron Diman
1840
1841
1842[l]
16 James Fenner
(1771–1846)
[24][25]
May 2, 1843[51]

May 6, 1845
(lost election)
Law and Order[11] 1843
1844
17 Charles Jackson
(1797–1876)
[52][53]
May 6, 1845[54]

May 6, 1846
(lost election)
Liberation[11] 1845
18 Byron Diman
(1795–1865)
[55][56]
May 6, 1846[57]

May 4, 1847
(did not run)[55]
Law and Order[11] 1846 Elisha Harris
19 Elisha Harris
(1791–1861)
[58][59]
May 4, 1847[60]

May 1, 1849
(did not run)
Whig[11] 1847 Edward W. Lawton
1848
20 Henry B. Anthony
(1815–1884)
[61][62]
May 1, 1849[63]

May 6, 1851
(did not run)
Whig[11] 1849 Thomas Whipple
1850
21 Philip Allen
(1785–1865)
[64][65]
May 6, 1851[66]

July 20, 1853
(resigned)[m]
Democratic[11] 1851 William Beach Lawrence
1852 Samuel G. Arnold
1853 Francis M. Dimond
22 Francis M. Dimond
(1796–1859)
[67][68]
July 20, 1853[69]

May 2, 1854
(lost election)
Democratic[11] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
23 William W. Hoppin
(1807–1890)
[70][71]
May 2, 1854[72]

May 26, 1857
(did not run)[70]
Whig[n] 1854 John J. Reynolds
1855 Anderson C. Rose
1856 Nicholas Brown III
24 Elisha Dyer
(1811–1890)
[76][77]
May 26, 1857[78]

May 31, 1859
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1857 Thomas G. Turner
1858
25 Thomas G. Turner
(1810–1875)
[79][80]
May 31, 1859[81]

May 29, 1860
(lost nomination)[o]
Republican[11] 1859 Isaac Saunders
26 William Sprague IV
(1830–1915)
[82][83]
May 29, 1860[84]

March 3, 1863
(resigned)[p]
Democratic[q] 1860 J. Russell Bullock
1861
1862 Samuel G. Arnold
(resigned December 1, 1862)
Vacant
27 William C. Cozzens
(1811–1876)
[85][86]
March 3, 1863[87]

May 26, 1863
(lost election)
Democratic[11] Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
[r]
28 James Y. Smith
(1809–1876)
[88][89]
May 26, 1863[11]

May 29, 1866
(did not run)[88]
Republican[11] 1863 Seth Padelford
1864
1865 Duncan Pell
29 Ambrose Burnside
(1824–1881)
[90][91]
May 29, 1866[92]

May 25, 1869
(did not run)[90]
Republican[11] 1866 William Greene
1867
1868 Pardon Stevens
30 Seth Padelford
(1807–1878)
[93][94]
May 25, 1869[95]

May 27, 1873
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1869
1870
1871
1872 Charles Cutler
31 Henry Howard
(1826–1905)
[96][97]
May 27, 1873[98]

May 25, 1875
(did not run)[96]
Republican[s] 1873 Charles C. Van Zandt
1874
32 Henry Lippitt
(1818–1891)
[99][100]
May 25, 1875[101]

May 29, 1877
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1875 Henry Tillinghast Sisson
1876
33 Charles C. Van Zandt
(1830–1894)
[102][103]
May 29, 1877[104]

May 25, 1880
(did not run)[102]
Republican[t] 1877 Albert Howard
1878
1879
34 Alfred H. Littlefield
(1829–1893)
[105][106]
May 25, 1880[107]

May 29, 1883
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1880 Henry Fay
1881
1882
35 Augustus O. Bourn
(1834–1925)
[108][109]
May 29, 1883[110]

May 26, 1885
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1883 Oscar Rathbun
1884
36 George P. Wetmore
(1846–1921)
[111][112]
May 26, 1885[113]

May 31, 1887
(lost election)
Republican[11] 1885 Lucius B. Darling
1886
37 John W. Davis
(1826–1907)
[114][115]
May 31, 1887[116]

May 29, 1888
(lost election)
Democratic[11] 1887 Samuel R. Honey
38 Royal C. Taft
(1823–1912)
[117][118]
May 29, 1888[119]

May 28, 1889
(did not run)[117]
Republican[11] 1888 Enos Lapham
39 Herbert W. Ladd
(1843–1913)
[120][121]
May 28, 1889[122]

May 27, 1890
(lost election)
Republican[11] 1889 Daniel Littlefield
40 John W. Davis
(1826–1907)
[114][115]
May 27, 1890[123]

May 26, 1891
(lost election)
Democratic[11] 1890 William T. C. Wardwell
41 Herbert W. Ladd
(1843–1913)
[120][121]
May 26, 1891[124]

May 31, 1892
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1891 Henry A. Stearns
42 Daniel Russell Brown
(1848–1919)
[125][126]
May 31, 1892[127]

May 29, 1895
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1892 Melville Bull
1893
1894 Edwin Allen
43 Charles W. Lippitt
(1846–1924)
[128][129]
May 29, 1895[130]

May 25, 1897
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1895
1896
44 Elisha Dyer Jr.
(1839–1906)
[131][132]
May 25, 1897[133]

May 29, 1900
(did not run)[131]
Republican[11] 1897 Aram J. Pothier
1898 William Gregory
1899
45 William Gregory
(1849–1901)
[134][135]
May 29, 1900[136]

December 16, 1901
(died in office)
Republican[11] 1900 Charles D. Kimball
46 Charles D. Kimball
(1859–1930)
[137][138]
December 16, 1901[139]

January 6, 1903
(lost election)
Republican[11] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
1901[u]
George L. Shepley
(elected February 18, 1902)
47 Lucius F. C. Garvin
(1841–1922)
[140][141]
January 6, 1903[142]

January 3, 1905
(lost election)
Democratic[11] 1902 Adelard Archambault
1903 George H. Utter
48 George H. Utter
(1854–1912)
[143][144]
January 3, 1905[145]

January 1, 1907
(lost election)
Republican[11] 1904 Frederick H. Jackson
1905
49 James H. Higgins
(1876–1927)
[146][147]
January 1, 1907[148]

January 5, 1909
(did not run)[146]
Democratic[11] 1906
1907 Ralph Watrous
50 Aram J. Pothier
(1854–1928)
[149][150]
January 5, 1909[151]

January 5, 1915
(did not run)[149]
Republican[11] 1908 Arthur W. Dennis
1909 Emery J. San Souci
1910
1911
1912 Rosewell Burchard
51 Robert Livingston Beeckman
(1866–1935)
[152][153]
January 5, 1915[154]

January 4, 1921
(did not run)
Republican[11] 1914 Emery J. San Souci
1916
1918
52 Emery J. San Souci
(1857–1936)
[155][156]
January 4, 1921[157]

January 2, 1923
(lost nomination)[v]
Republican[11] 1920 Harold Gross
53 William S. Flynn
(1885–1966)
[159][160]
January 2, 1923[161]

January 6, 1925
(did not run)[w]
Democratic[11] 1922 Felix A. Toupin
54 Aram J. Pothier
(1854–1928)
[149][150]
January 6, 1925[162]

February 4, 1928
(died in office)
Republican[11] 1924 Nathaniel W. Smith
1926 Norman S. Case
55 Norman S. Case
(1888–1967)
[163][164]
February 4, 1928[165]

January 3, 1933
(lost election)
Republican[11] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
1928 James G. Connelly
1930
56 Theodore F. Green
(1867–1966)
[166][167]
January 3, 1933[168]

January 5, 1937
(did not run)[x]
Democratic[11] 1932 Robert E. Quinn
1934
57 Robert E. Quinn
(1894–1975)
[169][170]
January 5, 1937[171]

January 3, 1939
(lost election)
Democratic[11] 1936 Raymond E. Jordan
58 William Henry Vanderbilt III
(1901–1981)
[172][173]
January 3, 1939[174]

January 7, 1941
(lost election)
Republican[11] 1938 James O. McManus
59 J. Howard McGrath
(1903–1966)
[175][176]
January 7, 1941[177]

October 6, 1945
(resigned)[y]
Democratic[11] 1940 Louis W. Cappelli
1942
1944 John Pastore
60 John Pastore
(1907–2000)
[178][179]
October 6, 1945[180]

December 19, 1950
(resigned)[z]
Democratic[11] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
John S. McKiernan
1946
1948
61 John S. McKiernan
(1911–1997)
[181][182]
December 19, 1950[183]

January 2, 1951
(successor took office)
Democratic[11] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
62 Dennis J. Roberts
(1903–1994)
[184][185]
January 2, 1951[186]

January 6, 1959
(lost election)
Democratic[11] 1950 John S. McKiernan
1952
1954
1956 Armand H. Cote
63 Christopher Del Sesto
(1907–1973)
[187][188]
January 6, 1959[189]

January 3, 1961
(lost election)
Republican[11] 1958 John A. Notte Jr.
64 John A. Notte Jr.
(1909–1983)
[190][191]
January 3, 1961[192]

January 1, 1963
(lost election)
Democratic[11] 1960 Edward P. Gallogly
65 John Chafee
(1922–1999)
[193][194]
January 1, 1963[195]

January 7, 1969
(lost election)
Republican[11] 1962
1964 Giovanni Folcarelli
1966 Joseph O'Donnell Jr.
66 Frank Licht
(1916–1987)
[196][197]
January 7, 1969[198]

January 2, 1973
(did not run)[196]
Democratic[11] 1968 J. Joseph Garrahy
1970
67 Philip Noel
(b. 1931)
[199][200]
January 2, 1973[201]

January 4, 1977
(did not run)[199]
Democratic[11] 1972
1974
68 J. Joseph Garrahy
(1930–2012)
[202][203]
January 4, 1977[204]

January 1, 1985
(did not run)
Democratic[203] 1976 Thomas R. DiLuglio
1978
1980
1982
69 Edward D. DiPrete
(b. 1934)
[205]
January 1, 1985[206]

January 1, 1991
(lost election)
Republican[205] 1984 Richard A. Licht
1986
1988 Roger N. Begin
70 Bruce Sundlun
(1920–2011)
[207]
January 1, 1991[208]

January 3, 1995
(lost nomination)[aa]
Democratic[207] 1990
1992 Robert Weygand
71 Lincoln Almond
(1936–2023)
[210]
January 3, 1995[211]

January 7, 2003
(term-limited)[ab]
Republican[210] 1994
Bernard Jackvony
1998 Charles J. Fogarty
72 Donald Carcieri
(b. 1942)
[213]
January 7, 2003[214]

January 4, 2011
(term-limited)[ab]
Republican[213] 2002
2006 Elizabeth H. Roberts
73 Lincoln Chafee
(b. 1953)
[215]
January 4, 2011[216]

January 6, 2015
(did not run)
Independent[ac] 2010
74 Gina Raimondo
(b. 1971)
[218]
January 6, 2015

March 2, 2021
(resigned)[ad]
Democratic[218] 2014 Dan McKee
2018
75 Dan McKee
(b. 1951)
[220]
March 2, 2021[221]

Incumbent[ae]
Democratic[220] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Sabina Matos
2022

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Office was named Deputy Governor until 1798.
  2. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. ^ Cooke was deputy governor when colonial governor Joseph Wanton was deposed on November 7, 1775, and was chosen to replace him.[8]
  4. ^ Sobel
  5. ^ As the office of lieutenant governor was vacant, President of the Senate Smith succeeded to governor.[18]
  6. ^ Wilbour was instead elected to the United States House of Representatives.[18]
  7. ^ No candidate received a majority of the vote for governor, so Lieutenant Governor-elect Wilbour acted as governor for the term.[23]
  8. ^ Knight resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[31][32]
  9. ^ Very little is known of Wilcox, and he does not appear on most lists of governors, but it is known he was lieutenant governor at the time Knight resigned,[31] and at least one reference specifically states he succeeded Knight.[11]
  10. ^ No candidate received a majority of the vote for governor, and four run-offs were attempted during the year but all were similarly deadlocked. Arnold remained as governor, and in January 1833, the state legislature formalized it, permitting him to continue on as governor until the end of the term.[11]
  11. ^ No candidate received a majority of the vote for either governor or lieutenant governor, so as First Senator, King served as acting governor for the year.[11]
  12. ^ A constitutional convention, without consent from the legislature, convened in 1842 and, on May 2, proclaimed Thomas Wilson Dorr as governor, which led to a brief period of strife known as the Dorr Rebellion.[48]
  13. ^ Allen resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[64]
  14. ^ Glashan[73] and Sobel[70] label Hoppin as a Whig and Maine Law candidate in 1854; Dubin,[74] and Kallenbach[75] label him a Whig and American in 1855, and a Republican and American in 1856.
  15. ^ Turner lost the Republican nomination to Seth Padelford.[79]
  16. ^ Sprague resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[82]
  17. ^ Sprague was elected as part of a Democratic and Conservative Republican ticket in 1860,[82] and aftwards as a Union candidate.[73]
  18. ^ As the office of lieutenant governor was vacant, President pro tempore of the Senate Cozzens succeeded to governor.[85]
  19. ^ Howard represented the Republican and Prohibition parties.[96]
  20. ^ Van Zandt represented the Republican and Prohibition parties.[73]
  21. ^ Incumbent governor William Gregory was re-elected in November 1901, but died the next month, so Lieutenant Governor Kimball succeeded him.[137]
  22. ^ San Souci lost the Republican nomination to Harold Gross.[158]
  23. ^ Flynn instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.[159]
  24. ^ Green was instead elected to the United States Senate.[166]
  25. ^ McGrath resigned, having been confirmed as Solicitor General of the United States.[175]
  26. ^ Pastore resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[178]
  27. ^ Sundlun lost the Democratic nomination to Myrth York.[209]
  28. ^ a b Under a 1992 amendment to the constitution, governors are ineligible to serve consecutively for more than two terms.[212]
  29. ^ Chafee was elected as an independent, but on May 30, 2013, he joined the Democratic Party.[217]
  30. ^ Raimondo resigned, having been confirmed as United States Secretary of Commerce.[219]
  31. ^ McKee's first full term began on January 3, 2023, and will expire January 5, 2027.

References

General
Specific
  1. ^ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
  2. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Rhode Island; May 29, 1790". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 22, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  3. ^ 1842 Const. art. 8, § 1
  4. ^ "Annotated Constitution of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations" (1988). Library Archive. 26. Page 16. Accessed June 13, 2023
  5. ^ "Rhode Island Recall of Statewide Elected Officials, Proposal 1 (1992)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  6. ^ RI Const. art. 9, § 9
  7. ^ "Nicholas Cooke". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  8. ^ Arnold, Samuel Greene (1894). History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Vol. 2. Providence: Preston and Rounds. p. 361. ISBN 9781429022767. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c Kallenbach 1977, p. 524.
  10. ^ "William Greene". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl Kallenbach 1977, pp. 505–508.
  12. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1333.
  13. ^ "John Collins". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  14. ^ "Providence, (R.I.) May 11". Dunlap and Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser. May 27, 1786. p. 2. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  15. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1334.
  16. ^ "Arthur Fenner". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  17. ^ "Rhodeisland". The Vermont Journal. May 26, 1790. p. 3. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  18. ^ a b c d e Sobel 1978, p. 1335.
  19. ^ "Henry Smith". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  20. ^ "Isaac Wilbour". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  21. ^ "Rhode-Island". Weekly Wanderer. May 26, 1806. p. 3. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  22. ^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 349.
  23. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  24. ^ a b c Sobel 1978, pp. 1335–1336.
  25. ^ a b c "James Fenner". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  26. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1336–1337.
  27. ^ "William Jones". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  28. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1337–1338.
  29. ^ "Nehemiah Rice Knight". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  30. ^ "General Election". Hartford Courant. May 20, 1817. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  31. ^ a b Manual - the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Secretary of State, Rhode Island. 1878. p. 94.
  32. ^ "none". The Charleston Daily Courier. January 22, 1821. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023. Nehemiah R. Knight, Governor of the State of Rhode Island, was, on the 9th inst. elected by the Legislature of that State, a Senator of the United States... He accepted the appointment, and immediately resigned the office of Governor of the State.
  33. ^ "Edward Cox". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  34. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1338.
  35. ^ "William Channing Gibbs". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  36. ^ "Rhode-Island Election". The Rhode-Island Republican. May 9, 1821. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  37. ^ "Rhode-Island Legislature". The Rhode-Island Republican. May 13, 1824. p. 3. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  38. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1338–1339.
  39. ^ "Lemuel Hastings Arnold". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  40. ^ "none". The Rhode-Island Republican. May 4, 1831. p. 3. Retrieved June 15, 2023. Governor Arnold then took the chair and proceeded to business... making no remarks or inaugural address to the assembly.
  41. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1339–1340.
  42. ^ "John Brown Francis". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  43. ^ "The Legislature". Herald of The Times. May 9, 1833. p. 1. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  44. ^ a b Glashan 1979, p. 270.
  45. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1340–1341.
  46. ^ "William Sprague". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  47. ^ "General Election". Herald of The Times. May 10, 1838. p. 1. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  48. ^ a b c Sobel 1978, p. 1341.
  49. ^ "Samuel King". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  50. ^ "Rhode-Island Legislature". The Rhode-Island Republican. May 8, 1839. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  51. ^ "General Assembly". Herald of The Times. May 11, 1843. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  52. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1342.
  53. ^ "Charles Jackson". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  54. ^ "General Assembly". Herald of The Times. May 15, 1845. p. 4. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  55. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1342–1343.
  56. ^ "Byron Diman". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  57. ^ "The Legislature". Herald of The Times. May 7, 1846. p. 2. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  58. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1343–1344.
  59. ^ "Elisha Harris". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  60. ^ "General Assembly". Herald of The Times. May 13, 1847. p. 1. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
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  188. ^ "Christopher Del Sesto". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  189. ^ "Del Sesto Sworn In As Governor, Pledges Better Jobs, Education Aid". Newport Daily News. January 6, 1959. p. 1. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
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  195. ^ "Chafee Takes His Oath of Office Before 2,000 in Vets Auditorium". Newport Daily News. January 2, 1963. p. 1. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
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  197. ^ "Frank Licht". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
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  207. ^ a b "Bruce G. Sundlun". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
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  209. ^ "Sundlun Ousted in R.I. Primary". The Berkshire Eagle. Associated Press. September 14, 1994. p. A5. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
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  212. ^ "R.I. Const. art. IV, § 1". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
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