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This is a complete list of current members of the United States House of Representatives based on seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office. Representatives whose terms begin the same day are ranked alphabetically by last name.

Seniority calculation

Seniority is calculated by:

  1. Number of total terms served (subtracting one term from the number of non-consecutive terms)
  2. Number of consecutive terms served
  3. Alphabetically by last name[1]

An additional clause applies for representatives that have a prior tenure of less than two terms. In this case, they will have preference over all other members who are freshmen by tenure.[citation needed]

An example of this ranking system is Rep. Pete Sessions had previously served eleven terms, from 1997 to 2019 (after his defeat in the 2018 midterms), when he was once again elected in 2020. Instead of holding seniority with others whose terms began January 3, 2021, he was credited with ten terms, and holds seniority above all representatives whose terms began on or after January 3, 2001.

Benefits of seniority

Committee leadership in the House is often associated with seniority, especially in the Democratic Caucus. The Republican leadership, in comparison with the Democratic Party, prioritizes voting records and campaign fundraising over seniority for committee leadership.[2] Party leadership in the House is not strictly associated with seniority.

The more senior a representative is, the more likely the representative is to receive desirable committee assignments or leadership posts. Seniority also affects access to more desirable office space in the House Office Buildings:[3] after an office is vacated, members next in seniority can choose whether to move into it. Only after allocations for existing members are complete can incoming members be assigned offices via the congressional office lottery.[4]

Vacancies

Current seniority list

Rank Member Party District Seniority date Previous service[a]
Committee and leadership positions
1 Hal Rogers R Kentucky 5 January 3, 1981 Dean of the House
2 Chris Smith R New Jersey 4  
3 Steny Hoyer D Maryland 5 May 19, 1981
4 Marcy Kaptur D Ohio 9 January 3, 1983
5 Nancy Pelosi D California 11 June 2, 1987 Speaker Emerita of the House
6 Frank Pallone D New Jersey 6 November 8, 1988 Ranking Member: Energy and Commerce
7 Richard Neal D Massachusetts 1 January 3, 1989 Ranking Member: Ways and Means
8 Rosa DeLauro D Connecticut 3 January 3, 1991 Ranking Member: Appropriations
9 Maxine Waters D California 43 Ranking Member: Financial Services
10 Jerry Nadler D New York 12 November 3, 1992 Ranking Member: Judiciary
11 Sanford Bishop D Georgia 2 January 3, 1993  
12 Ken Calvert R California 41
13 Jim Clyburn D South Carolina 6 Assistant Democratic Leader
14 Anna Eshoo D California 16  
15 Bobby Scott D Virginia 3 Ranking Member: Education and the Workforce
16 Nydia Velázquez D New York 7 Ranking Member: Small Business
17 Bennie Thompson D Mississippi 2 April 13, 1993 Ranking Member: Homeland Security
18 Frank Lucas R Oklahoma 3 May 10, 1994 Chair: Science, Space and Technology
19 Lloyd Doggett D Texas 37 January 3, 1995  
20 Sheila Jackson Lee D Texas 18
21 Zoe Lofgren D California 18 Ranking Member: Science, Space and Technology
22 Earl Blumenauer D Oregon 3 May 21, 1996  
23 Robert Aderholt R Alabama 4 January 3, 1997
24 Danny K. Davis D Illinois 7
25 Diana DeGette D Colorado 1
26 Kay Granger R Texas 12 Chair: Appropriations
27 Jim McGovern D Massachusetts 2 Ranking Member: Rules
28 Bill Pascrell D New Jersey 9  
29 Brad Sherman D California 32
30 Adam Smith D Washington 9 Ranking Member: Armed Services
31 Gregory Meeks D New York 5 February 3, 1998 Ranking Member: Foreign Affairs
32 Barbara Lee D California 12 April 7, 1998  
33 John B. Larson D Connecticut 1 January 3, 1999
34 Grace Napolitano D California 31
35 Jan Schakowsky D Illinois 9
36 Mike Simpson R Idaho 2
37 Mike Thompson D California 4
38 Pete Sessions R Texas 17 January 3, 2021 1997–2019
39 Sam Graves R Missouri 6 January 3, 2001 Chair: Transportation and Infrastructure
40 Rick Larsen D Washington 2 Ranking Member: Transportation and Infrastructure
41 Betty McCollum D Minnesota 4  
42 Adam Schiff D California 30
43 Stephen F. Lynch D Massachusetts 8 October 16, 2001
44 Joe Wilson R South Carolina 2 December 18, 2001
45 Michael C. Burgess R Texas 26 January 3, 2003
46 John Carter R Texas 31
47 Tom Cole R Oklahoma 4 Chair: Rules
48 Mario Díaz-Balart R Florida 26  
49 Raúl Grijalva D Arizona 7 Ranking Member: Natural Resources
50 Mike Rogers R Alabama 3 Chair: Armed Services
51 Dutch Ruppersberger D Maryland 2  
52 Linda Sánchez D California 38
53 David Scott D Georgia 13 Ranking Member: Agriculture
54 Mike Turner R Ohio 10 Chair: Intelligence
55 Darrell Issa R California 48 January 3, 2021 2001–2019  
56 Emanuel Cleaver D Missouri 5 January 3, 2005
57 Jim Costa D California 21
58 Henry Cuellar D Texas 28
59 Virginia Foxx R North Carolina 5 Chair: Education and the Workforce
60 Al Green D Texas 9  
61 Michael McCaul R Texas 10 Chair: Foreign Affairs
62 Patrick McHenry R North Carolina 10 Chair: Financial Services
63 Cathy McMorris Rodgers R Washington 5 Chair: Energy and Commerce
64 Gwen Moore D Wisconsin 4  
65 Debbie Wasserman Schultz D Florida 25
66 Doris Matsui D California 7 March 8, 2005
67 Gus Bilirakis R Florida 12 January 3, 2007
68 Vern Buchanan R Florida 16
69 Kathy Castor D Florida 14
70 Yvette Clarke D New York 9
71 Steve Cohen D Tennessee 9
72 Joe Courtney D Connecticut 2
73 Hank Johnson D Georgia 4
74 Jim Jordan R Ohio 4 Chair: Judiciary
75 Doug Lamborn R Colorado 5  
76 John Sarbanes D Maryland 3
77 Adrian Smith R Nebraska 3
78 Bob Latta R Ohio 5 December 11, 2007
79 Rob Wittman R Virginia 1
80 André Carson D Indiana 7 March 11, 2008
81 Steve Scalise R Louisiana 1 May 3, 2008 Majority Leader
82 Gerry Connolly D Virginia 11 January 3, 2009  
83 Brett Guthrie R Kentucky 2
84 Jim Himes D Connecticut 4 Ranking Member: Intelligence
85 Blaine Luetkemeyer R Missouri 3  
86 Tom McClintock R California 5
87 Chellie Pingree D Maine 1
88 Bill Posey R Florida 8
89 Glenn Thompson R Pennsylvania 15 Chair: Agriculture
90 Paul Tonko D New York 20  
91 Mike Quigley D Illinois 5 April 7, 2009
92 Judy Chu D California 28 July 14, 2009
93 John Garamendi D California 8 November 3, 2009
94 Tim Walberg R Michigan 5 January 3, 2011 2007–2009
95 Bill Foster D Illinois 11 January 3, 2013 2008–2011
96 Kweisi Mfume D Maryland 7 April 28, 2020 1987–1996
97 Larry Bucshon R Indiana 8 January 3, 2011
98 Rick Crawford R Arkansas 1
99 Scott DesJarlais R Tennessee 4
100 Jeff Duncan R South Carolina 3
101 Chuck Fleischmann R Tennessee 3
102 Paul Gosar R Arizona 9
103 Morgan Griffith R Virginia 9
104 Andy Harris R Maryland 1
105 Bill Huizenga R Michigan 4
106 Bill Keating D Massachusetts 9
107 Mike Kelly R Pennsylvania 16
108 David Schweikert R Arizona 1
109 Austin Scott R Georgia 8
110 Terri Sewell D Alabama 7
111 Daniel Webster R Florida 11
112 Frederica Wilson D Florida 24
113 Steve Womack R Arkansas 3
114 Mark Amodei R Nevada 2 September 13, 2011
115 Suzanne Bonamici D Oregon 1 January 31, 2012
116 Suzan DelBene D Washington 1 November 6, 2012
117 Thomas Massie R Kentucky 4
118 Donald Payne Jr. D New Jersey 10
119 Dina Titus D Nevada 1 January 3, 2013 2009–2011
120 Andy Barr R Kentucky 6
121 Joyce Beatty D Ohio 3
122 Ami Bera D California 6
123 Julia Brownley D California 26
124 Tony Cárdenas D California 29
125 Matt Cartwright D Pennsylvania 8
126 Joaquin Castro D Texas 20
127 Lois Frankel D Florida 22
128 Richard Hudson R North Carolina 9
129 Jared Huffman D California 2
130 Hakeem Jeffries D New York 8 Minority Leader
131 David Joyce R Ohio 14  
132 Dan Kildee D Michigan 8
133 Derek Kilmer D Washington 6
134 Annie Kuster D New Hampshire 2
135 Doug LaMalfa R California 1
136 Grace Meng D New York 6
137 Scott Perry R Pennsylvania 10
138 Scott Peters D California 50
139 Mark Pocan D Wisconsin 2
140 Raul Ruiz D California 25
141 Eric Swalwell D California 14
142 Mark Takano D California 39 Ranking Member: Veterans' Affairs
143 Juan Vargas D California 52  
144 Marc Veasey D Texas 33
145 Ann Wagner R Missouri 2
146 Randy Weber R Texas 14
147 Brad Wenstrup R Ohio 2
148 Roger Williams R Texas 25 Chair: Small Business
149 Robin Kelly D Illinois 2 April 9, 2013  
150 Jason Smith R Missouri 8 June 4, 2013 Chair: Ways and Means
151 Katherine Clark D Massachusetts 5 December 10, 2013 Minority Whip
152 Alma Adams D North Carolina 12 November 4, 2014  
153 Donald Norcross D New Jersey 1
154 Ed Case D Hawaii 1 January 3, 2019 2002–2007
155 Pete Aguilar D California 33 January 3, 2015 Democratic Caucus Chair
156 Rick W. Allen R Georgia 12  
157 Brian Babin R Texas 36
158 Don Beyer D Virginia 8
159 Mike Bost R Illinois 12 Chair: Veterans' Affairs
160 Brendan Boyle D Pennsylvania 2 Ranking Member: Budget
161 Buddy Carter R Georgia 1  
162 Mark DeSaulnier D California 10
163 Debbie Dingell D Michigan 6
164 Tom Emmer R Minnesota 6 Majority Whip
165 Ruben Gallego D Arizona 3  
166 Garret Graves R Louisiana 6
167 Glenn Grothman R Wisconsin 6
168 French Hill R Arkansas 2
169 Ted Lieu D California 36
170 Barry Loudermilk R Georgia 11
171 John Moolenaar R Michigan 2
172 Alex Mooney R West Virginia 2
173 Seth Moulton D Massachusetts 6
174 Dan Newhouse R Washington 4
175 Gary Palmer R Alabama 6
176 David Rouzer R North Carolina 7
177 Elise Stefanik R New York 21 Republican Conference Chairwoman
178 Norma Torres D California 35  
179 Bonnie Watson Coleman D New Jersey 12
180 Bruce Westerman R Arkansas 4 Chair: Natural Resources
181 Trent Kelly R Mississippi 1 June 2, 2015  
182 Darin LaHood R Illinois 16 September 10, 2015
183 Warren Davidson R Ohio 8 June 7, 2016
184 James Comer R Kentucky 1 November 8, 2016 Chair: Oversight and Accountability
185 Dwight Evans D Pennsylvania 3  
186 Brad Schneider D Illinois 10 January 3, 2017 2013–2015
187 David Valadao R California 22 January 3, 2021 2013–2019
188 Jodey Arrington R Texas 19 January 3, 2017 Chair: Budget
189 Don Bacon R Nebraska 2  
190 Jim Banks R Indiana 3
191 Nanette Barragán D California 44
192 Jack Bergman R Michigan 1
193 Andy Biggs R Arizona 5
194 Lisa Blunt Rochester D Delaware at-large
195 Salud Carbajal D California 24
196 Lou Correa D California 46
197 Neal Dunn R Florida 2
198 Adriano Espaillat D New York 13
199 Drew Ferguson R Georgia 3
200 Brian Fitzpatrick R Pennsylvania 1
201 Matt Gaetz R Florida 1
202 Mike Gallagher R Wisconsin 8
203 Vicente Gonzalez D Texas 34
204 Josh Gottheimer D New Jersey 5
205 Clay Higgins R Louisiana 3
206 Pramila Jayapal D Washington 7
207 Mike Johnson R Louisiana 4 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
208 Ro Khanna D California 17  
209 Raja Krishnamoorthi D Illinois 8
210 David Kustoff R Tennessee 8
211 Brian Mast R Florida 21
212 Jimmy Panetta D California 19
213 Jamie Raskin D Maryland 8 Ranking Member: Oversight and Accountability
214 John Rutherford R Florida 5  
215 Lloyd Smucker R Pennsylvania 11
216 Darren Soto D Florida 9
217 Ron Estes R Kansas 4 April 11, 2017
218 Jimmy Gomez D California 34 June 6, 2017
219 Ralph Norman R South Carolina 5 June 20, 2017
220 John Curtis R Utah 3 November 7, 2017
221 Debbie Lesko R Arizona 8 April 24, 2018
222 Michael Cloud R Texas 27 June 30, 2018
223 Troy Balderson R Ohio 12 August 7, 2018
224 Kevin Hern R Oklahoma 1 November 6, 2018
225 Joseph Morelle D New York 25 Ranking Member: House Administration
226 Mary Gay Scanlon D Pennsylvania 5  
227 Susan Wild D Pennsylvania 7 Ranking Member: Ethics
228 Steven Horsford D Nevada 4 January 3, 2019 2013–2015  
229 Tom Suozzi D New York 3 February 28, 2024 2017–2023
230 Colin Allred D Texas 32 January 3, 2019
231 Kelly Armstrong R North Dakota at-large
232 Jim Baird R Indiana 4
233 Tim Burchett R Tennessee 2
234 Sean Casten D Illinois 6
235 Ben Cline R Virginia 6
236 Angie Craig D Minnesota 2
237 Dan Crenshaw R Texas 2
238 Jason Crow D Colorado 6
239 Sharice Davids D Kansas 3
240 Madeleine Dean D Pennsylvania 4
241 Veronica Escobar D Texas 16
242 Lizzie Fletcher D Texas 7
243 Russ Fulcher R Idaho 1
244 Chuy García D Illinois 4
245 Sylvia Garcia D Texas 29
246 Jared Golden D Maine 2
247 Lance Gooden R Texas 5
248 Mark Green R Tennessee 7 Chair: Homeland Security
249 Michael Guest R Mississippi 3 Chair: Ethics
250 Josh Harder D California 9  
251 Jahana Hayes D Connecticut 5
252 Chrissy Houlahan D Pennsylvania 6
253 Dusty Johnson R South Dakota at-large
254 John Joyce R Pennsylvania 13
255 Andy Kim D New Jersey 3
256 Susie Lee D Nevada 3
257 Mike Levin D California 49
258 Lucy McBath D Georgia 7
259 Dan Meuser R Pennsylvania 9
260 Carol Miller R West Virginia 1
261 Joe Neguse D Colorado 2
262 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D New York 14
263 Ilhan Omar D Minnesota 5
264 Chris Pappas D New Hampshire 1
265 Greg Pence R Indiana 6
266 Dean Phillips D Minnesota 3
267 Katie Porter D California 47
268 Ayanna Pressley D Massachusetts 7
269 Guy Reschenthaler R Pennsylvania 14
270 John Rose R Tennessee 6
271 Chip Roy R Texas 21
272 Kim Schrier D Washington 8
273 Mikie Sherrill D New Jersey 11
274 Elissa Slotkin D Michigan 7
275 Abigail Spanberger D Virginia 7
276 Greg Stanton D Arizona 4
277 Pete Stauber R Minnesota 8
278 Bryan Steil R Wisconsin 1 Chair: House Administration
279 Greg Steube R Florida 17  
280 Haley Stevens D Michigan 11
281 William Timmons R South Carolina 4
282 Rashida Tlaib D Michigan 12
283 Lori Trahan D Massachusetts 3
284 David Trone D Maryland 6
285 Lauren Underwood D Illinois 14
286 Jeff Van Drew R[b] New Jersey 2
287 Michael Waltz R Florida 6
288 Jennifer Wexton D Virginia 10
289 Dan Bishop R North Carolina 8 September 10, 2019
290 Greg Murphy R North Carolina 3
291 Mike Garcia R California 27 May 12, 2020
292 Tom Tiffany R Wisconsin 7
293 Claudia Tenney R New York 24 February 11, 2021 2017–2019
294 Jake Auchincloss D Massachusetts 4 January 3, 2021
295 Cliff Bentz R Oregon 2
296 Stephanie Bice R Oklahoma 5
297 Lauren Boebert R Colorado 3
298 Jamaal Bowman D New York 16
299 Cori Bush D Missouri 1
300 Kat Cammack R Florida 3
301 Jerry Carl R Alabama 1
302 Andrew Clyde R Georgia 9
303 Byron Donalds R Florida 19
304 Pat Fallon R Texas 4
305 Randy Feenstra R Iowa 4
306 Michelle Fischbach R Minnesota 7
307 Scott L. Fitzgerald R Wisconsin 5
308 Scott Franklin R Florida 18
309 Andrew Garbarino R New York 2
310 Carlos A. Giménez R Florida 28
311 Tony Gonzales R Texas 23
312 Bob Good R Virginia 5
313 Marjorie Taylor Greene R Georgia 14
314 Diana Harshbarger R Tennessee 1
315 Ashley Hinson R Iowa 2
316 Ronny Jackson R Texas 13
317 Sara Jacobs D California 51
318 Young Kim R California 40
319 Jake LaTurner R Kansas 2
320 Teresa Leger Fernandez D New Mexico 3
321 Nancy Mace R South Carolina 1
322 Nicole Malliotakis R New York 11
323 Tracey Mann R Kansas 1
324 Kathy Manning D North Carolina 6
325 Lisa McClain R Michigan 9
326 Mary Miller R Illinois 15
327 Mariannette Miller-Meeks R Iowa 1
328 Barry Moore R Alabama 2
329 Blake Moore R Utah 1
330 Frank J. Mrvan D Indiana 1
331 Troy Nehls R Texas 22
332 Jay Obernolte R California 23
333 Burgess Owens R Utah 4
334 August Pfluger R Texas 11
335 Matt Rosendale R Montana 2
336 Deborah K. Ross D North Carolina 2
337 María Elvira Salazar R Florida 27
338 Victoria Spartz R Indiana 5
339 Michelle Steel R California 45
340 Marilyn Strickland D Washington 10
341 Ritchie Torres D New York 15
342 Beth Van Duyne R Texas 24
343 Nikema Williams D Georgia 5
344 Julia Letlow R Louisiana 5 March 20, 2021
345 Troy Carter D Louisiana 2 April 24, 2021
346 Melanie Stansbury D New Mexico 1 June 1, 2021
347 Jake Ellzey R Texas 6 July 27, 2021
348 Shontel Brown D Ohio 11 November 2, 2021
349 Mike Carey R Ohio 15
350 Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D Florida 20 January 11, 2022
351 Mike Flood R Nebraska 1 June 28, 2022
352 Brad Finstad R Minnesota 1 August 9, 2022
353 Mary Peltola D Alaska at-large August 16, 2022
354 Pat Ryan D New York 18 August 23, 2022
355 Rudy Yakym R Indiana 2 November 8, 2022
356 Ryan Zinke R Montana 1 January 3, 2023 2015–2017
357 Mark Alford R Missouri 4
358 Becca Balint D Vermont at-large
359 Aaron Bean R Florida 4
360 Josh Brecheen R Oklahoma 2
361 Nikki Budzinski D Illinois 13
362 Eric Burlison R Missouri 7
363 Yadira Caraveo D Colorado 8
364 Greg Casar D Texas 35
365 Lori Chavez-DeRemer R Oregon 5
366 Juan Ciscomani R Arizona 6
367 Mike Collins R Georgia 10
368 Eli Crane R Arizona 2
369 Jasmine Crockett D Texas 30
370 Anthony D'Esposito R New York 4
371 Donald G. Davis D North Carolina 1
372 Monica De La Cruz R Texas 15
373 Chris Deluzio D Pennsylvania 17
374 John Duarte R California 13
375 Chuck Edwards R North Carolina 11
376 Mike Ezell R Mississippi 4
377 Valerie Foushee D North Carolina 4
378 Maxwell Frost D Florida 10
379 Russell Fry R South Carolina 7
380 Robert Garcia D California 42
381 Marie Gluesenkamp Pérez D Washington 3
382 Dan Goldman D New York 10
383 Harriet Hageman R Wyoming at-large
384 Erin Houchin R Indiana 9
385 Val Hoyle D Oregon 4
386 Wesley Hunt R Texas 38
387 Glenn Ivey D Maryland 4
388 Jeff Jackson D North Carolina 14
389 Jonathan Jackson D Illinois 1
390 John E. James R Michigan 10
391 Sydney Kamlager D California 37
392 Thomas Kean Jr. R New Jersey 7
393 Jen Kiggans R Virginia 2
394 Kevin Kiley R California 3
395 Nick LaLota R New York 1
396 Greg Landsman D Ohio 1
397 Nick Langworthy R New York 23
398 Mike Lawler R New York 17
399 Laurel Lee R Florida 15
400 Summer Lee D Pennsylvania 12
401 Anna Paulina Luna R Florida 13
402 Morgan Luttrell R Texas 8
403 Seth Magaziner D Rhode Island 2
404 Rich McCormick R Georgia 6
405 Morgan McGarvey D Kentucky 3
406 Rob Menendez D New Jersey 8
407 Max Miller R Ohio 7
408 Cory Mills R Florida 7
409 Marc Molinaro R New York 19
410 Nathaniel Moran R Texas 1
411 Jared Moskowitz D Florida 23
412 Kevin Mullin D California 15
413 Wiley Nickel D North Carolina 13
414 Zach Nunn R Iowa 3
415 Andy Ogles R Tennessee 5
416 Brittany Pettersen D Colorado 7
417 Delia Ramirez D Illinois 3
418 Andrea Salinas D Oregon 6
419 Hillary Scholten D Michigan 3
420 Keith Self R Texas 3
421 Eric Sorensen D Illinois 17
422 Dale Strong R Alabama 5
423 Emilia Sykes D Ohio 13
424 Shri Thanedar D Michigan 13
425 Jill Tokuda D Hawaii 2
426 Derrick Van Orden R Wisconsin 3
427 Gabe Vasquez D New Mexico 2
428 Brandon Williams R New York 22
429 Jennifer McClellan D Virginia 4 February 21, 2023
430 Gabe Amo D Rhode Island 1 November 7, 2023
431 Celeste Maloy R Utah 2 November 21, 2023
Rank Member Party District Seniority date Previous service[a]
Committee and leadership positions

Delegates

Delegates are non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives.

Rank Delegate Party District Seniority date
(previous service, if any)
1 Eleanor Holmes Norton D District of Columbia at-large January 3, 1991
2 Gregorio Sablan D[b] Northern Mariana Islands at-large January 3, 2009
3 Stacey Plaskett D United States Virgin Islands at-large January 3, 2015
4 Amata Coleman Radewagen R American Samoa at-large
5 Jenniffer González NPP/R Puerto Rico at-large January 3, 2017
6 James Moylan R Guam at-large January 3, 2023

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Members elected with substantial prior service receive credit for part of that service when calculating seniority.
  2. ^ a b A party change does not affect seniority.

References

  1. ^ "Terms of Service for Members of the House of Representatives". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  2. ^ "House Seniority and Committee Leadership". U.S. News & World Report. December 8, 2006.
  3. ^ Goodwin, George (1959). "The Seniority System in Congress". The American Political Science Review. pp. 412–436. doi:10.2307/1952154. Retrieved 15 August 2022 – via JSTOR.
  4. ^ Langhorne, Thomas B. (October 16, 2018). "Scramble for office space in Congress is about status". Evansville Courier & Press. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  5. ^ Brooks, Emily (19 December 2023). "Kevin McCarthy submits official House resignation". The Hill. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  6. ^ Adragna, Anthony (2 January 2024). "Bill Johnson plans Jan. 21 House resignation to become Youngstown St. president". Politico. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  7. ^ Zremski, Jerry (January 27, 2024). "Brian Higgins to leave Congress on Friday". The Buffalo News. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  8. ^ Boyd, Shaun (22 March 2024). "Colorado's Ken Buck leaving Congress because he can't wait until November for his next political steps". CBS Colorado. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

External links