Colonel William A. Phillips

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Planka.nu is a network of organizations in Sweden promoting tax-financed zero-fare public transport with chapters in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Skåne and Östergötland.[1] Planka.nu was founded in 2001 by the Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation in response to the increasingly expensive ticket prices in the public transport system in Stockholm. The campaign has received much attention because of the controversial methods used to promote free public transport: Planka.nu encourage people to fare-dodge in the public transport,[2] [3] aiding its members in paying penalty fares through the insurance fund p-kassan.[4]

History

In 2001, the Stockholm chapter of the Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation (Swedish: SUF, Syndikalistiska Ungdomsförbundet) launched the campaign Planka.nu (literally, fare-dodge.now) as a reaction to a rise in ticket prices by the Stockholm County Council.[1] The domain name .nu, which belongs to the 260-square-kilometre (100 sq mi) island of Niue but is sold primarily to foreigners, was chosen because it means "now" in Swedish. The standard top level domain for Sweden is .se.

With growing membership and interest, the campaign was detached from the SUF to form an independent organization. Local organizations have since started up in Gothenburg in 2003, Östergötland in 2005 and Skåne in 2009.[1] A sister organization, pumm.it has been created in Helsinki, Finland.[5] In November 2008, Planka.nu released Freepublictransports.com, a global forum for the free public transport movement.

Ticket fares in Stockholm have increased dramatically over time. By one measure—single ticket price for a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) journey—Stockholm has the most expensive-to-use public transport in the world, as of March 2009.[6]

Activism

Planka.nu demonstrating at the COP15.

In the tradition of the Italian autonomists,[7] Planka.nu advocate self-reduction, where the price of the service is determined by the consumer.[8] Whereas in other cases this is done in agreement with (at least some) employees of the service provider, in the case of Planka.nu fare-dodgers are encouraged to evade fares without seeking permission.

Since its conception Planka.nu has broadened its methods and now functions as a think tank with public transport, urban planning and climate change as its main areas of focus,[2][9] as well as an insurance fund. The network also uses standard leftist methods, such as rallies,[10] adbusting,[9] and pamphlets.[11] Together with refugee rights organization Ingen människa är illegal, the Swedish chapter of No one is illegal, Planka.nu provides tickets for immigrants living in Sweden without asylum,[12] since a paperless immigrant might otherwise be reported to the police and deported if caught riding without a ticket.

P-kassan

Failing to purchase a ticket or traveling using an incorrect pass is subject to a penalty fare of 1200 SEK in the public transport systems of Stockholm,[13] Gothenburg[14] and Östergötland.[15] In return for a membership fee (paid monthly or biannually) members are refunded by Planka.nu if fined, through the solidarity fund P-kassan.[4] Net income from p-kassan is used in the aforementioned partnership with No one is illegal and to finance the production of flyers, stickers, folders, web pages and other information material. All members of Planka.nu work pro-bono.[12][16]

In December 2009, Västtrafik accused the Gothenburg chapter of operating an unauthorized insurance.[16][17]

Criticism

See also: Free public transport § Criticism

Planka.nu and its organizers have seen substantial criticism, primarily by politicians and transportation companies in each city. The network has been reported to the police for incitement by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL),[18] Västtrafik and ÖstgötaTrafiken, who believe that Planka.nu engages in illegal activities. As of today, no charges have been made. Planka.nu themselves believe that their activities do not conflict with existing legislation.[19]

Many critics believe that fare evasion leads to reduced funds and higher costs for public transport, which must be offset by higher prices for those who do pay their fares.[17][20]

In 2004, the Stockholm University Student Union received media attention after first permitting a meeting of the network on its premises and later barring Planka.nu when criticism was voiced.[21]

Publications

Trafikmaktordningen in four different languages.

Planka.nu has released four larger policy papers: Highway to Hell? criticizing the plans for the express beltway Förbifart Stockholm around Stockholm,[22] Travel Doesn't Have to Cost the Earth proposing a set of measures to make the transport sector in Stockholm more climate-friendly,[23] Till varje pris? (At any cost?) a report about the costs of ticketing in the public transport system in Stockholm,[24] and Trafikmaktsordningen (The Traffic Power Structure) regarding the hierarchies of transportation and how it relates to social mobility and class.[25]

In 2011Trafikmaktordningen was published as a book in Sweden.[26] Since then, it has been translated into German,[27] English[28] and Brazilian Portuguese.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Om Planka.nu". Planka.nu. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  2. ^ a b "Planka.nu". Free Public Transport. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  3. ^ "Avgiftsstrejk". Planka.nu. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  4. ^ a b "P-kassan är en bötesfond för plankare i Stockholms kollektivtrafik". Planka.nu. Retrieved 2010-01-24. P-kassan är en solidaritetskassa. Som medlem hjälper du andra plankare att få sina böter betalda. När du själv åker fast är det andra plankare som betalar din tilläggsavgift.
  5. ^ "Pummit - moi mukulat". Planka.nu. Archived from the original on 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
  6. ^ "A fare price?". The Economist. September 24, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-24. In Stockholm it costs $4.88 for a single journey of 10km on public transport, the highest cost in a study of 73 cities by UBS, a Swiss bank.
  7. ^ SAM (2002-04-20). "Planka.nu och autoreduktion". IMC Sverige. Indymedia. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  8. ^ "Självreduktion". Planka.nu. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  9. ^ a b "Annual report from Planka.nu (Stockholm, Sweden)". Free Public Transport. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  10. ^ "Annual report for 2008 from Planka.nu (Stockholm, Sweden)". Free Public Transport. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  11. ^ "Informationsmaterial". Planka.nu. Archived from the original on 2010-03-02. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  12. ^ a b "Ekonomi". Planka.nu. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  13. ^ "Om du fuskåker". AB Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. Archived from the original on 2010-08-24. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  14. ^ "Biljettkontroll". Västtrafik. Archived from the original on 2010-01-12. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
  15. ^ "Du har väl giltig biljett?". ÖstgötaTrafiken. Archived from the original on 2008-01-21. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
  16. ^ a b Cliffordson, Ida (2010-01-20), Planka.nu anmäls till skatteverket, TV4Nyheterna Göteborg, TV4, archived from the original on 2012-03-02
  17. ^ a b Nyström, Ulf (2009-12-04). "Västtrafik vill stoppa planka.nu". GP.se. Archived from the original on 2009-12-08. Retrieved 2010-01-24. Organisationen planka.nu bedriver försäkringsverksamhet, säger Johnny Bröndt (M), vice ordförande i Västtrafiks styrelse. […] Så vet jag vet har planka.nu varken tillstånd till försäkringsverksamhet eller deklarerar intäkter, utgifter och eventuellt överskott. Det är inte längre någon ideell organisation.
  18. ^ Hermele, Bernt (2004-08-21). "SL polisanmäler Planka.nu". DN.se. Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  19. ^ "Lagligt?". Planka.nu. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
  20. ^ Palmgren, Nils (2004-05-27), "Skärpt strid om fuskåkning", Dagens Nyheter, 200 miljoner kronor om året kostar fuskåkandet SL varje år. Enligt företaget gör det månadskortet 50 kronor dyrare än vad det skulle behöva vara.
  21. ^ Kihlström, Staffan (2004-10-23). "Planka.nu vållar spricka i studentkår". DN.se. Retrieved 2010-01-25.[dead link]
  22. ^ Highway to Hell? (PDF) (in Swedish), Planka.nu, November 2007, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-13, retrieved 2010-01-25
  23. ^ Travel Doesn't Have to Cost the Earth (PDF), Planka.nu, 2009-09-22 [2008], archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-29, retrieved 2010-01-25
  24. ^ Till varje pris? (PDF) (in Swedish), Planka.nu, March 2009, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-12, retrieved 2010-01-25
  25. ^ Trafikmaktsordningen (PDF) (in Swedish), Planka.nu, December 2009, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-22, retrieved 2010-01-25
  26. ^ "Trafikmaktordningen | Planka.nu". planka.nu (in Swedish). Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  27. ^ "UNRAST Verlag | VerkehrsMachtOrdnung". www.unrast-verlag.de. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  28. ^ "The Traffic Power Structure". www.pmpress.org. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  29. ^ "A estrutura de poder no trânsito – Fundação Rosa Luxemburgo" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-01-21.

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planka.nu