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The East South Central states is a region constituting one of the nine U.S. Census Bureau divisions. It is located within the American South. Four states make up the division: Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama. The division is one of three that together make up the larger region known as the Southern United States (the other two are the more populous South Atlantic states and the West South Central states).

Historically, the area has been colonized and influenced by the French, Spanish, British, early American, and Confederate governments.[3][4][5][6] Distinct among these states, Alabama's French culture has been preserved through the Alabama Creoles,[7] and Kentucky's French culture can be observed throughout Louisville.[8] The East South Central states form the core of Old Dixie,[9] one of the nine moral regions identified by James Patterson and Peter Kim in their acclaimed 1991 geopolitical best-seller, The Day America Told The Truth.[10] Politically and culturally, the East South Central is more conservative than the other regions making up the American South; Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee's governments have been described during 2012 to 2023 as some of the most conservative.[11][12][13] Religiously, conservative Evangelical Protestantism dominates the East South Central as a central part of the Bible Belt.

Demographics

As of 2020, the East South Central states had a combined population of 19,430,030. The East South Central region covers 183,401 square miles of land. Within the region, Tennessee is the largest state by population, though Alabama is the largest by land area; Tennessee was also the East South Central's fastest growing state between 2010 and 2020,[14][15] with Alabama second.[16] Kentucky was the third-fastest growing state,[17] and Mississippi experienced population decline; despite population decline, Mississippi did increase in diversity.[18][19]

States in the East South Central region
State 2020 estimate Land area
Kentucky 4,509,342 40,409
Tennessee 6,916,897 42,143
Mississippi 2,963,914 48,430
Alabama 5,039,877 52,419
Ethnic origins in East South Central
Ten largest cities by population
City 2020 pop.
1 Nashville, Tennessee 689,447
2 Memphis, Tennessee 633,104
3 Louisville, Kentucky 633,045
4 Lexington, Kentucky 322,707
5 Huntsville, Alabama 215,006
6 Birmingham, Alabama 200,733
7 Montgomery, Alabama 200,663
8 Knoxville, Tennessee 190,740
9 Mobile, Alabama 187,041
10 Chattanooga, Tennessee 181,009

Politics

Parties
Nonpartisan Democratic-Republican Democratic National Republican Whig Constitutional Union Republican Dixiecrat American Independent
  • Bold denotes election winner.
Presidential electoral votes in the East South Central States since 1792
Year Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee
1792 No election Washington No election No election
1796 No election Jefferson No election Jefferson
1800 No election Jefferson No election Jefferson
1804 No election Jefferson No election Jefferson
1808 No election Madison No election Madison
1812 No election Madison No election Madison
1816 No election Monroe No election Monroe
1820 Monroe Monroe Monroe Monroe
1824 Jackson Clay Jackson Jackson
1828 Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson
1832 Jackson Clay Jackson Jackson
1836 Van Buren Harrison Van Buren White
1840 Van Buren Harrison Harrison Harrison
1844 Polk Clay Polk Clay
1848 Cass Taylor Cass Taylor
1852 Pierce Scott Pierce Scott
1856 Buchanan Buchanan Buchanan Buchanan
1860 Breckinridge Bell Breckinridge Bell
1864 No election McClellan No election Lincoln
1868 Grant Seymour No election Grant
1872 Grant Hendricks Grant Hendricks
1876 Tilden Tilden Tilden Tilden
1880 Hancock Hancock Hancock Hancock
1884 Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland
1888 Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland
1892 Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland
1896 Bryan McKinley Bryan Bryan
1900 Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan
1904 Parker Parker Parker Parker
1908 Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan
1912 Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson
1916 Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson
1920 Cox Cox Cox Harding
1924 Davis Coolidge Davis Davis
1928 Smith Hoover Smith Hoover
1932 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt
1936 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt
1940 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt
1944 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt
1948 Thurmond Truman Thurmond Truman
1952 Stevenson Stevenson Stevenson Eisenhower
1956 Stevenson Eisenhower Stevenson Eisenhower
1960 Byrd Nixon Byrd Nixon
1964 Goldwater Johnson Goldwater Johnson
1968 Wallace Nixon Wallace Nixon
1972 Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon
1976 Carter Carter Carter Carter
1980 Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan
1984 Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan
1988 Bush Bush Bush Bush
1992 Bush Clinton Bush Clinton
1996 Dole Clinton Dole Clinton
2000 Bush Bush Bush Bush
2004 Bush Bush Bush Bush
2008 McCain McCain McCain McCain
2012 Romney Romney Romney Romney
2016 Trump Trump Trump Trump
2020 Trump Trump Trump Trump
Year Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee

References

  1. ^ "United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. September 2012. pp. V–2, 1 & 41 (Tables 1 & 18). Retrieved February 7, 2014.
  2. ^ "Population, Population Change, and Estimated Components of Population Change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 (NST-EST2019-alldata)". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 26, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  3. ^ Pinnen, Christian; Weeks, Charles (2021). Colonial Mississippi: A Borrowed Land. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-4968-3270-2.
  4. ^ "National Park Service - Explorers and Settlers (Alabama)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  5. ^ "Tennessee". HISTORY. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  6. ^ "Kentucky Genealogical Society - Kentucky History". kygs.org. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  7. ^ Blejwas, Emily (February 19, 2020). "Gumbo: Africans and Creoles on the Gulf Coast". Mobile Bay Magazine. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  8. ^ "Timeline of Louisville, KY". Louisville Kentucky Government.
  9. ^ Dreher, Rod (September 10, 2021). "The Day They Drove Old Dixie Down". The American Conservative. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  10. ^ "LITTLE GOOD NEWS IN `THE DAY AMERICA TOLD THE TRUTH`". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  11. ^ "Mississippi Most Conservative State, D.C. Most Liberal". Gallup.com. February 3, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  12. ^ "Alabama Has the Most Conservative Legislature in the Nation". Governing. December 6, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  13. ^ "CLA Report: Tennessee Ties For Second Most-Conservative State House". MemphisFlyer. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  14. ^ "2020 Census Data: Tennessee Population Topping 6.9 Million". News. April 28, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  15. ^ Yu, Yue Stella. "2020 Census results: Middle Tennessee drives population growth as state becomes more racially diverse". The Tennessean. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  16. ^ "Alabama Population Grew 5.1% Since 2010, Surpassing 5 Million". Census.gov. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  17. ^ "Kentucky Population Topped 4.5 Million in 2020". Census.gov. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  18. ^ "Census shows Mississippi lost population and diversified". AP NEWS. April 26, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  19. ^ Newsom, Michael (February 2, 2022). "UM Experts Warn About Consequences of Population Loss". Ole Miss News. Retrieved January 25, 2023.

36°00′N 88°00′W / 36.0°N 88.0°W / 36.0; -88.0