Opothleyahola

This is a list of wars and rebellions involving the United States of America.[1] Currently, there are 107 wars on this list, 5 of which are ongoing.

  USA victory - 79
  Another result * - 12
  USA defeat - 11
  Ongoing conflict - 5

*e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive, inconclusive

18th-century wars

Conflict Allies Opponent(s) Result for the United States and its Allies Presidents of the United States
American Revolutionary War
(1775–1783)

Location: Eastern and Southern North America

the Atlantic

The Battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776
 United States
Kingdom of France Kingdom of France

Spain Spanish Empire

Iroquois

Watauga Association
Catawba
Lenape
Choctaw


 Dutch Republic


 Mysore

 Great Britain
Loyalists
Holy Roman Empire German Auxiliaries

Iroquois

Cherokee

US-allied victory - The American Revolution started as a civil war within the British Empire.[nb 1] It became a larger international war in 1778 once France joined.[nb 2] President of the Continental Congress in American Revolutionary War:
Cherokee–American wars
(1776–1795)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Old Southwest
Abduction of Daniel Boone's daughter by the Cherokee
 United States
Choctaw
Cherokee US-allied victory President of the Continental Congress in CherokeeAmerican wars:

Presidents of the United States:

Northwest Indian War
(1785–1793)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Northwest Territory
The Battle of Fallen Timbers
 United States
Chickasaw
Choctaw
Western Confederacy Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain US-allied victory George Washington
Quasi-War
(1798–1800)

Location: Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean
USS Constellation vs. L'Insurgente
 United States

Co-belligerent:
 Great Britain

France French Republic Convention of 1800
  • Peaceful cessation of Franco-American alliance
  • End of French privateer attacks on American shipping
  • American neutrality and renunciation of claims by France
John Adams

19th-century wars

Conflict Allies Opponent(s) Result for the United States and its Allies Presidents of the United States
First Barbary War
(1801–1805)

Part of the Barbary Wars

Location: Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Tripoli
Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon at Derna, April 1805
 United States[12]
 Sweden[12]
Kingdom of Sicily[12]
United Kingdom Malta Protectorate[12]
 Kingdom of Portugal[12]
Sultanate of Morocco[12]
border=no Ottoman Tripolitania[13]
Morocco Sultanate of Morocco[13]
US-allied victory Thomas Jefferson
Tecumseh's War
(1810–1813)

Part of the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812

Location: Northwest River Ohio
The Battle of Tippecanoe
 United States Tecumseh's Confederacy
US victory James Madison
War of 1812
(1812–1815)

Location: Eastern and Central North America
General Andrew Jackson stands on the parapet of his makeshift defenses as his troops repulse attacking Highlanders, by painter Edward Percy Moran in 1910.
 United States
Choctaw Nation
Cherokee Nation
Creek Allies
 United Kingdom

Tecumseh's Confederacy

Spain Spain (1814)
Inconclusive/Other Result
Creek War
(1813–1814)

Part of the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812

Location: Southern United States
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 1814
 United States
Lower Creeks
Cherokee Nation
Choctaw Nation
Red Stick Creek US-allied victory
Second Barbary War
(1815)

Part of the Barbary Wars

Location: Mediterranean Sea and the Barbary States
Decatur's squadron off Algiers
 United States Deylik of Algiers
US victory
First Seminole War
(1817–1818)

Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: Pensacola, Spanish Florida
Barracks and tents at Fort Brooke near Tampa Bay
 United States Seminole

Spain Spanish Florida

US victory James Monroe
Arikara War
(1823)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Missouri River
An Arikara warrior
 United States

Sioux

Arikara Inconclusive/Other Result
  • White Peace treaty agreed by US Col Leavenworth[14]
Winnebago War
(1827)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Illinois and Michigan Territory
 United States
Choctaw Nation
Prairie La Crosse Ho-Chunks
with a few allies
US-allied victory
  • Ho-Chunks cede lead mining region to the United States
John Quincy Adams
Black Hawk War
(1832)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Illinois and Michigan Territory
Native women and children fleeing the Battle of Bad Axe
 United States
Ho-Chunk
Menominee
Dakota
Potawatomi
Black Hawk's British Band
Ho-Chunk and Potawatomi allies
US-allied victory Andrew Jackson
Second Seminole War
(1835–1842)

Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: Florida, United States
U.S. Marines search for Seminoles in the Everglades
 United States Seminole US victory Andrew Jackson (March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837)

Martin Van Buren (March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841)

William Henry Harrison (March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841)

John Tyler (April 4, 1841 –March 4, 1845)

Texas Comanche Wars
(1836–1875)

Part of the Texas–Indian wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: South-central United States (Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado) and northern Mexico
A group of U.S. soldiers defend themselves from Comanche warriors at the Battle of Buffalo Wallow.
 Republic of Texas
 United States
Comanche US victory Andrew Jackson (March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837)

Martin Van Buren (March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841)

William Henry Harrison (March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841)

John Tyler (April 4, 1841 –March 4, 1845)

James K. Polk (March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849)

Zachary Taylor (March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850)

Millard Fillmore (July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853)

Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Ulysses S. Grant (March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877)

Mexican–American War
(1846–1848)

Location: Texas, New Mexico, California and Mexico
2nd Dragoons charge the enemy at the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, 1846
 United States
California Republic
 Mexico US-allied victory James K. Polk
Cayuse War
(1847–1855)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Oregon
The Whitman Massacre.
 United States Cayuse US victory
  • Cayuse reduced in numbers and forced to cede most of their lands
James K. Polk (March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849)

Zachary Taylor (March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850)

Millard Fillmore (July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853)

Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

Apache Wars
(1849–1924)

Part of the Texas–Indian wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: Southwestern United States
U.S. Cavalry dash for cover while fighting Apaches, by F. Remington
 United States Apache
Ute
Yavapai
US victory James K. Polk (March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849)

Zachary Taylor (March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850)

Millard Fillmore (July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853)

Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Ulysses S. Grant (March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877)

Rutherford B. Hayes (March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881)

James A. Garfield (March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881)

Chester A. Arthur (September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885)

Grover Cleveland (March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889)

Benjamin Harrison (March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893)

Grover Cleveland (March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897)

William McKinley (March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901)

Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)

William Howard Taft (March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)

Woodrow Wilson (March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Warren G. Harding (March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge (August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

Navajo Wars
(1849–1866)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: New Mexico
Fort Defiance
 United States Navajo Nation US victory James K. Polk (March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849)

Zachary Taylor (March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850)

Millard Fillmore (July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853)

Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Bleeding Kansas
(1854–1861)

Location: Kansas and Missouri
Sacking of Lawrence in 1856

Anti-slavery settlers
(Free-Staters)
Pro-slavery settlers (Border Ruffians) Free-Stater victory.
  • Kansas admitted as a free state on January 29, 1861.
Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Puget Sound War
(1855–1856)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Washington
 United States
Snoqualmie
Nisqually
Muckleshoot
Puyallup
Klickitat
Haida
Tlingit
US victory Franklin Pierce
Rogue River Wars
(1855–1856)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Rogue Valley
 United States Tututni US victory
  • Indians relocated to Siletz, Grand Ronde and Coast Reservations
Third Seminole War
(1855–1858)

Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: Pensacola, Florida
 United States Seminole US victory
  • By late 1850s, most Seminoles forced to leave their land; a few hundred remain deep in the Everglades on land unwanted by white settlers
Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Yakima War
(1855–1858)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Washington Territory
Seattleites evacuate to the town blockhouse as USS Decatur opens fire on advancing tribal forces.
 United States
Snoqualmie
Yakama
Walla Walla tribe
Umatilla tribe
Nez Perce tribe
Cayuse tribe
US victory
Second Opium War
(1856–1859)

Part of the Opium Wars

Location: China
Palikao's bridge, on the evening of the battle, by Émile Bayard
United Kingdom British Empire
France French Empire
 United States
 China US victory
Utah War
(1857–1858)

Part of the Mormon wars

Location: Utah Territory and Wyoming
 United States Deseret/Utah Mormons

(Nauvoo Legion)

Inconclusive/Other Result
Reform War
(1858–1866)
Location: Mexico
Mexico Liberals
 United States
Mexico Conservatives Liberals - US victory
Pig War
(1859)
Location: San Juan Islands
Proposed boundaries:
  Through Haro Strait, favored by the US
  Through Rosario Strait, favored by Britain
  Through San Juan Channel, compromise proposal
The lines are as shown on maps of the time. The modern boundary follows straight line segments and roughly follows the blue line. The modern eastern boundary of San Juan County roughly follows the red line.
 United States  United Kingdom Inconclusive/Other Result James Buchanan
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
(1859)

Part of pre-Civil War conflicts

Location: West Virginia
Harper's Weekly illustration of U.S. Marines attacking John Brown's "Fort" Teresa Baine
 United States Abolitionist Insurgents US victory
First and Second Cortina War
(1859–1861)

Location: Texas and Mexico
United States United States

Confederate States of America Confederate States


 Mexico

Mexico Cortinista bandits US-allied victory
Paiute War
(1860)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Pyramid Lake, Nevada
 United States Paiute
Shoshone
Bannock
US victory
American Civil War
(1861–1865)

Location: Southern United States, Indian Territory, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean
The Battle of Antietam, by Thure de Thulstrup.
 United States
Indian Home Guard
Seminole Nation (Western) (most)[15]
Seminole Nation (Florida)
Muskogee Nation (part)[16]
 Confederate States
Cherokee Nation
Choctaw Nation
Catawba
Chickasaw Nation (part)
Muskogee Nation (part)
Seminole Nation (Western) (part)
Comanche Nation (part)
US victory

Abraham Lincoln

Yavapai Wars
(1861–1875)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Arizona
Rescue of Lt. Charles King.jpg
Rescue of Lt. Charles King
 United States Yavapai
Apache
Yuma
Mohave
US victory

Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Ulysses S. Grant (March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877)

Dakota War of 1862
(1862)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Minnesota and Dakota
The Siege of New Ulm, Minnesota on August 19, 1862
 United States Dakota Sioux US victory Abraham Lincoln
Colorado War
(1863–1865)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska
 United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Sioux
Inconclusive/Other Result
Snake War
(1864–1868)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Locations: Oregon, Nevada, California, and Idaho
 United States Paiute
Bannock
Shoshone
US victory Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Powder River War
(1865)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Powder River State
 United States Sioux
Cheyenne
Arapaho
Inconclusive

Andrew Johnson

Red Cloud's War
(1866–1868)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Powder River State
The Fetterman Massacre
 United States
Crow Nation
Lakota
Cheyenne
Arapaho
Lakota-allied victory
Formosa Expedition
(1867)
Location: Hengchun, Taiwan, Qing China'
Attack of United States Marines and Sailors on the pirates of the island of Formosa, East Indies, Harper's Weekly
 United States Paiwan Paiwan victory
Comanche Campaign
(1867–1875)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Western United States
Battle of Beecher Island. One soldier and three horses have fallen, while others continue to wage the battle.
 United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Comanche
Kiowa
US victory Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Ulysses S. Grant (March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877)

United States expedition to Korea
(1871)
Location: Ganghwa Island
The captured Sujagi aboard USS Colorado in June 1871
 United States  Joseon dynasty Inconclusive/Other Result

American military victory

American diplomatic failure

Ulysses S. Grant
Modoc War
(1872–1873)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: California and Oregon
Engraving of soldiers recovering the bodies of the slain May 3, 1873.
 United States Modoc US victory
Red River War
(1874–1875)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Texas
 United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Comanche
Kiowa
US victory
  • End to the Texas-Indian Wars
Las Cuevas War
(1875)

Location: Texas and Mexico
Texan soldiers.
 United States Mexican bandits US victory
  • Cattle returned to Texas
Great Sioux War of 1876
(1876–1877)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Montana, Dakota and Wyoming
Custer's last stand at Little Bighorn.
 United States Lakota
Dakota Sioux
Northern Cheyenne
Arapaho
US victory
  • Legal control of Powder River Country ceded to the United States
Buffalo Hunters' War
(1876–1877)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Texas and Oklahoma
 United States Comanche
Apache
US victory
Nez Perce War
(1877)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana
Chief Joseph's band in the Battle of Bear Paw Mountain
 United States Nez Perce
Palouse
US victory Rutherford B. Hayes
Bannock War
(1878)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Idaho, Oregon, and Wyoming
 United States Bannock
Shoshone
Paiute
US victory
Cheyenne War
(1878–1879)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Montana
Aftermath of the Battle of "The Pit."
 United States Cheyenne US victory
Sheepeater Indian War
(1879)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Idaho
 United States Shoshone US victory
Victorio's War
(1879–1880)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Mexico
 United States
 Mexico
Apache US-allied victory
White River War
(1879)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Colorado
Battle of Milk Creek Canyon
 United States Ute US victory
Egyptian Expedition
(1882)

Part of the Anglo-Egyptian War

Location: Alexandria
Front page of "Judge" magazine, 12 August 1882, featuring a cartoon by "JAW" concerning aid rendered by the American navy during the British bombardment of Alexandria.
 United States  Egypt US victory Chester A. Arthur
Crow War
(1887)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Montana
Crow Indians Firing into the Agency 1887.jpg
Crow Indians Firing into the Agency 1887
 United States Crow people US victory Grover Cleveland
Ghost Dance War
(1890–1891)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: South Dakota
Mass grave for the dead Lakota after the Wounded Knee Massacre.
 United States Sioux US victory Benjamin Harrison
Garza War
(1891–1893)

Location: Texas and Mexico
3rd Cavalry Troopers searching a suspected Revolutionist, 1892
 Mexico
 United States
Garzistas US-allied victory
Yaqui Wars
(1896–1918)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Arizona and Mexico
10th Cavalry soldiers holding Yaqui prisoners at their camp in Bear Valley, January 9, 1918.
 United States
 Mexico
Yaqui
Pima
Opata
US-allied victory Grover Cleveland (March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897)


William McKinley (March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901)


Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)


William Howard Taft (March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)


Woodrow Wilson (March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Second Samoan Civil War
(1898–1899)

Location: Samoa
Samoan warriors and American servicemen during the Siege of Apia in March 1899.
Samoa
 United States
Mataafans
 German Empire
Inconclusive/Other Result William McKinley
Spanish–American War
(1898)

Location: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam
Theodore Roosevelt and the "Rough Riders" after the Battle of San Juan Hill.
 United States
Cuban Revolutionaries
Filipino Revolutionaries
Spain Spain US-allied victory
Philippine–American War
(1899–1902)

Location: Philippines
U.S. soldiers during the Battle of Manila.
1899–1902
 United States

1902-1906
 United States

1899–1902
 Philippine Republic

Limited Foreign Support:
 Empire of Japan


1902-1906
Tagalog Republic

US victory William McKinley (March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901)


Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)

Moro Rebellion
(1899–1913)

Location: Philippines
American soldiers battling against Moro fighters.
 United States Moro
Remnants of the Sulu Sultanate
US victory
  • Total annexation of the Philippine Islands
William McKinley (March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901)


Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)


William Howard Taft (March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)


Woodrow Wilson (March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Boxer Rebellion
(1899–1901)

Location: China
U.S. soldiers during the Boxer Rebellion in China.
 British Empire

 Russian Empire
 Empire of Japan
France French Republic
 United States
 German Empire
 Kingdom of Italy
 Austro-Hungarian Empire
 China (until 1900)

Boxers
 China (from 1900)
US-allied victory
  • Signing of the Boxer Protocol
  • Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing
William McKinley

20th-century wars

Conflict Allies Opponent(s) Result for the United States and its Allies Presidents of the United States
Crazy Snake's War
(1909)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Oklahoma
Creek prisoners of war.
 United States Creek US victory Theodore Roosevelt
(September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)

Warren G. Harding
(March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge
(August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

Mexican Border War
(1910–1919)

Part of the Mexican Revolution

Location: Mexico–United States border
American troops of the 16th Infantry Regiment rest for the night on May 27, 1916
 United States  Mexico

Supported by:

US victory William Howard Taft
(March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)

Woodrow Wilson
(March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Little Race War
(1912)

Part of the Banana Wars

Location: Cuba
USS Mississippi in Cuba
Cuba Cuba
 United States
Cuba Cuban PIC US-allied victory
  • Dissolution of the PIC
William Howard Taft
United States occupation of Nicaragua
(1912–1933)

Part of the Banana Wars

Location: Nicaragua
US Marines holding a captured Sandinista flag.
 United States
 Nicaragua
Nicaraguan Liberals
Sandinistas
US victory William Howard Taft
(March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)

Woodrow Wilson
(March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Warren G. Harding
(March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge
(August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

Herbert Hoover
(March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933)

Bluff War
(1914–1915)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Utah and Colorado
Prisoners of the Bluff War in Thompson, Utah, waiting to board a train for their trial in Salt Lake City.
 United States Ute
Paiute
US victory Woodrow Wilson
United States occupation of Veracruz
(1914)

Part of the Mexican Revolution

Location: Mexico
American ships at Veracruz
 United States

Supported by:

 Mexico

Supported by:

US victory
United States occupation of Haiti
(1915–1934)

Part of the Banana Wars

Location: Haiti
2nd Marine Regiment in Haiti
 United States
 Haiti
Haiti Haitian Rebels US-allied victory Woodrow Wilson
(March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Warren G. Harding
(March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge
(August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

Herbert Hoover
(March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933)

Franklin D. Roosevelt
(March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945)

United States occupation of the Dominican Republic
(1916–1924)

Part of the Banana Wars

Location: Dominican Republic
US Marines in the Occupation of the Dominican Republic.
 United States  Dominican Republic US victory Woodrow Wilson
(March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Warren G. Harding
(March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge
(August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

World War I
(1914–1918, direct U.S. involvement in 1917–1918)

Location: Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East, the Pacific Islands, and coast of North and South America
US troops firing 37mm gun during an advance against German entrenched positions.
 French Republic
 British Empire

 Russian Empire (until 1917)
 Kingdom of Italy
 United States (since 1917)
 Empire of Japan
 Kingdom of Serbia
 Kingdom of Montenegro
 Kingdom of Romania
 Kingdom of Greece
 Belgium
 Portugal
 Republic of Armenia
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Kingdom of Hejaz
Beiyang government Republic of China
Thailand Siam
 Brazil

 German Empire
 Austro-Hungarian Empire
 Ottoman Empire
 Kingdom of Bulgaria
US-allied victory Woodrow Wilson
Russian Civil War
(1917–1923, direct U.S. involvement in 1918–1920)

Location: Russia
US troops march through Russia before the Battle of Romanovka.
 White Movement

Mountain Republic
Makhnovshchina
Left SR
Green armies
 British Empire
 Japan
 Czechoslovakia
 Greece
 United States
 France
 Serbia
 Romania
 Italy
 China
граница Mongolia

 Russian SFSR

 Far Eastern Republic
Mongolian Communists
Makhnovshchina
Left SR
Green armies

Bolshevik Victory[18]
  • Victory for the Bolshevik Red Army in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, South Caucasus, Central Asia, Tuva, and Mongolia; incorporation of those territories into the Russian SFSR and Soviet Union
  • Establishment of the Soviet Union
  • Establishment of Mongolian and Tuvan republics
  • Cession of Russia proper, Kuban, Don, Eastern Karelia, Siberia and Far East; Central, Southern, and Eastern Ukraine; Eastern Belarus, Northern Caucasus, Transcaucasia and Central Asia to the Soviet Union
  • Victory for pro-independence movements in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland; expulsion of Bolshevik forces from those territories
Posey War
(1923)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Utah
Ute and Paiute prisoners of war.
 United States Ute
Paiute
US victory
  • Last Indian uprising
Warren G. Harding
World War II
(1939–1945, direct U.S. involvement in 1941–1945)

Location: Europe, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa, Oceania, North and South America
Six United States Marines raising the U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima.
 Soviet Union (since 1941)
 United States (since 1941)
 British Empire

 French Republic
 Republic of Poland
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovak Republic
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
 Kingdom of Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
Cuba Republic of Cuba
Haiti Republic of Haiti
 Argentina
 Brazil
 Mexico
 Chile
 Peru
 United States of Venezuela
 Liberia
 Kingdom of Egypt
 Ethiopian Empire
 Union of South Africa
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
 Kingdom of Nepal
 Republic of China
 Mongolian People's Republic
 Commonwealth of the Philippines
North Vietnam Viet Minh
Korea Korean Provisional Government

 Nazi Germany
 Empire of Japan
 Kingdom of Italy
 Soviet Union (in 1939–1941)
 Kingdom of Hungary
 Kingdom of Romania
 Kingdom of Bulgaria
 Slovak Republic
 Independent State of Croatia
 Finland
 Kingdom of Iraq
 Thailand
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
US-allied victory

Franklin D. Roosevelt
(March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945)

Harry S. Truman
(April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953)

Korean War
(1950–1953)

Part of the Cold War

Location: Korea
U.S. soldier fires a 75mm recoilless rifle, near Oetlook-tong, Korea, in support of infantry units directly across the valley.
 South Korea

 United Nations
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 Belgium
 Canada
 France
 Philippines
 Colombia
 Ethiopian Empire
 Kingdom of Greece
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Spanish State
 Union of South Africa
 Thailand
 Turkey

 North Korea

 China
 Soviet Union Supported by:

Inconclusive/Other Result
  • UNSC Resolution 83 goals achieved
  • North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
  • South Korean statehood preserved
  • Subsequent United Nations invasion of North Korea repelled
  • Subsequent Chinese-North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
  • Korean Armistice Agreement
Harry S. Truman
(April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953)

Dwight D. Eisenhower
(January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961)

Vietnam War
(1955–1964[a], 1965–1973[b], 1974–1975[c])

Part of the Cold War and Indochina Wars

Location: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos
1st Cavalry Division, Battle of Ia Drang, 1965.
 South Vietnam
 United States
 South Korea
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Thailand
 Philippines
 Kingdom of Laos
Cambodia Khmer Republic
 North Vietnam
Viet Cong
Laos Pathet Lao
Khmer Rouge
 China
 Soviet Union
 North Korea

Supported by:

North Vietnam-allied victory Dwight D. Eisenhower
(January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961)

John F. Kennedy
(January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963)

Lyndon B. Johnson
(November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969)

Richard Nixon
(January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974)

Gerald Ford
(August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977)

Laotian Civil War
(1959–1975)

Part of the Indochina Wars and Cold War

Location: Laos
A U.S. Air Force Bell UH-1P from the 20th Special Operations Squadron "Green Hornets" at a base in Laos, 1970.
 Kingdom of Laos
 United States
 South Vietnam
 Thailand
Supported by:
Philippines
 Taiwan
Laos Pathet Lao
 North Vietnam

Supported by:

Pathet Lao-allied victory
Permesta Rebellion
(1958-1961)

Location: Indonesia
The capture of Allen Lawrence Pope.
Permesta
 United States
 Indonesia Indonesian government victory Dwight D. Eisenhower
Lebanon crisis
(1958)

Location: Lebanon
US Marine sits in a foxhole and points his machine gun toward Beirut.
 Lebanon
 United States
Lebanon Lebanese opposition: US-allied victory
Bay of Pigs Invasion
(1961)

Part of the Cold War

Location: Cuba
A4D-2 Skyhawks in flight over USS Essex during the Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961.
Cuba CDRF
 United States
 Cuba Cuban government victory
  • United States sponsored Brigade 2506 (Cuban Exiles) defeated
John F. Kennedy
Dominican Civil War
(1965–1966)

Location: Dominican Republic
US soldiers push a child underneath a Jeep to protect him during a firefight in Santo Domingo on May 5, 1965.
 Dominican Loyalists
 United States
IAPF
 Dominican Constitutionalists US-allied victory Lyndon B. Johnson
Korean DMZ Conflict
(1966–1969)

Part of the Korean conflict and the Cold War

Location: Korean Demilitarized Zone
ROK and US troop stationed at the DMZ, 1967.
 South Korea
 United States
 North Korea US-allied victory
  • North Korean failure to launch an insurgency in South Korea
Lyndon B. Johnson
(November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969)

Richard Nixon
(January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974)

Cambodian Civil War
(1967–1975)

Part of the Cold War

Location: Cambodia
US troops and tanks entering town in Cambodia.
Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)
Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
 United States
 South Vietnam

Supported by:

National United Front of Kampuchea
Khmer Rouge
Khmer Rumdo
Khmer Việt Minh
 North Vietnam
Việt Cộng

Supported by:

Khmer Rouge-allied victory Lyndon B. Johnson
(November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969)

Richard Nixon
(January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974)

Gerald Ford
(August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977)

Multinational intervention in Lebanon
(1982–1984)

Location: Lebanon
US Marines of the 32nd Marine Amphibious Unit come ashore to assume the management of the port of Beirut.
Lebanese Armed Forces
UNIFIL
Multinational Force in Lebanon:
 Israel

Lebanese Front
Army of Free Lebanon
SLA

Lebanese National Movement
Jammoul
PLO
Amal Movement

 Iran

Hezbollah
Islamic Jihad Organization


Islamic Unification Movement


 Syria

Arab Deterrent Force
Syrian-allied victory Ronald Reagan
(January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989)
United States invasion of Grenada
(1983)

Part of the Cold War

Location: Grenada
American soldiers in artillery positions at Grenada.
 United States
 Barbados
 Jamaica
 Antigua and Barbuda
 Dominica
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Grenada PRG of Grenada
 Cuba
Military advisors:
US-allied victory
  • Military dictatorship of Hudson Austin deposed
  • Defeat of Cuban military presence
  • Restoration of constitutional government
Ronald Reagan
Bombing of Libya
(1986)

Location: Libya
USAF F-111 taking off for Libya
 United States Libya Libya US victory
Tanker War
(1987–1988)

Part of the Iran–Iraq War

Location: Persian Gulf
Iranian frigate Sahand after being attacked by U.S. aircraft.
 United States  Iran US victory
  • U.S. Navy sinks several ships and damages Iranian military installations used to attack U.S. and U.S. allied civilian shipping
  • U.S. Navy vessel USS Vincennes shoots down civilian Iran Air Flight 655 killing all 290 passengers, among them 66 children
  • Iran–Iraq War ends in August 1988 following UN enforcement of the ceasefire
United States invasion of Panama
(1989–1990)

Location: Panama
U.S. troops prepare to take a neighborhood in Panama City, December 1989.
 United States
 Panamanian Opposition
 Panama US-allied victory George H. W. Bush
Gulf War
(1990–1991)

Location: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Israel
M1 Abrams tanks of the 3rd Armored Division advance on Medina Ridge.
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Kuwait
 Saudi Arabia
 France
 Canada
 Egypt
 Syria
 Qatar
 Bahrain
 United Arab Emirates
 Oman
Iraq US-allied victory
Iraqi No-Fly Zone Enforcement Operations
(1991–2003)

Location: Iraq
A Tomahawk cruise missile is fired from an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer during Operation Desert Fox in December 1998.
 United States
 United Kingdom
 France
 Australia
 Belgium
 Netherlands
 Saudi Arabia
 Turkey
 Italy
Iraq US-allied victory
  • Periodic depletion of Iraqi air defenses
George H. W. Bush
(January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)

Bill Clinton
(January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)

George W. Bush
(January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

First U.S. Intervention in the Somali Civil War
(1992–1995)

Part of the Somali civil war (1991–present)

Location: Somalia
U.S. Marines on patrol in Somalia.
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Spain
 Saudi Arabia
 Malaysia
 Pakistan
 Italy
 India
 Greece
 Germany
 France
 Canada
 Botswana
 Belgium
 Australia
 New Zealand
Somalia Somali National Alliance Somali victory / US-allied defeat
  • Failure to capture SNA leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid; specific Aidid lieutenants captured
  • Withdrawal of U.S. forces 5 months after losses in the Battle of Mogadishu
  • The UN mandate saved close to 100,000 lives, before and after U.S. withdrawal
  • Civil war is ongoing
George H. W. Bush
(January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)

Bill Clinton
(January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)

Bosnian War and Croatian War
(1992–1995)

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia
A U.S. Army M-113 Armor Personnel Carrier prepares to pull an armored Humvee out of the mud in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia Herzeg-Bosnia
 Croatia


 United States
 Belgium
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Italy
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Portugal
 Spain
 Turkey
 United Kingdom

 Republika Srpska
 Serbian Krajina
Western Bosnia
Inconclusive/Other Result
Intervention in Haiti
(1994–1995)

Location: Haiti
U.S. Marine guarding an area in Haiti.
 United States
 Poland
 Argentina
 Haiti US-allied victory Bill Clinton
Kosovo War
(1998–1999)

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

Location: Serbia
A U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle takes off for an air strike mission.
KLA
Albania AFRK
 Albania
 Croatia
 United States
 Belgium
 Canada
 Czech Republic
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Hungary
 Italy
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Portugal
 Poland
 Spain
 Turkey
 United Kingdom
 FR Yugoslavia US-allied victory[23][24][25][26]
  • Ceasefire reached through Kumanovo Agreement of June 1999. after Russian and Finnish envoys visit Belgrade
  • Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo
  • UN Resolution 1244 confirming Kosovo as de jure part of FRY
  • De facto separation of Kosovo from FR Yugoslavia under UN administration
  • Return of Albanian refugees after attempted ethnic cleansing of Albanians
  • KLA veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency
  • Around 200,000 Serbs, Romani, and other non-Albanians fleeing Kosovo and many of the remaining civilians becoming victims of abuse
  • Three Chinese journalists were killed in United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade
  1. ^ Advisory role from the forming of the MAAG in Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin incident.
  2. ^ Direct U.S. involvement ended in 1973 with the Paris Peace Accords. The Paris Peace Accords of January 1973 saw all U.S forces withdrawn; the Case–Church Amendment, passed by the U.S Congress on 15 August 1973, officially ended direct U.S military involvement .
  3. ^ The war reignited on December 13, 1974 with offensive operations by North Vietnam, leading to victory over South Vietnam in under two months.

21st-century wars

Conflict Allies Belligerent Result for the United States and its Allies Presidents of the United States
War in Afghanistan
(2001–2021)

Part of the war on terror and the Afghan conflict

Location: Afghanistan
U.S. soldiers from A Company, 101st Airborne Division Special Troop Battalion air assault into a village inside Jowlzak valley in Afghanistan.
Resolute Support Mission
 Afghanistan
 United States
 Canada
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Croatia
 Czech Republic
 Denmark
 Georgia
 Germany
 Netherlands
 Italy
 Romania
 Slovakia
 Spain
 Turkey
Formerly:
ISAF
Taliban

Allied groups
Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin
al-Qaeda
Islamic Jihad Union[27]


Taliban splinter groups


Islamic State IS-Affiliates:


2001 Invasion:
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Taliban victory George W. Bush
(October 7, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

US intervention in Yemen
(2002–present)

Part of the war on terror, the al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen, the Yemeni Civil War and the Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war

Location: Yemen
MQ-1 Predator commonly used in drone strikes in Yemen.
 United States

Saudi-led coalition:
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates
 Bahrain
 Kuwait
 Qatar
 Jordan
 Morocco
 Sudan
 Senegal
Supported by:

In support of:
Yemen Cabinet of Yemen

al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Ansar al-Sharia

Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Yemen Province


Yemen Revolutionary Committee/Supreme Political Council

Ongoing
  • 378 drone strikes confirmed[32]
  • 57 al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula leaders confirmed killed[33]
  • Numerous al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula bases destroyed
  • Most recent drone strike against al-Qaeda launched in February 2023[34]

George W. Bush
(October 7, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

Iraq War
(2003–2011)

Part of the war on terror

Location: Iraq
U.S. soldiers at the Hands of Victory monument in Baghdad.
Post-invasion (2003–2011)

 United States
 Iraq
 United Kingdom
MNF–I


Invasion phase (2003)
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 Poland
 Iraqi Kurdistan Supported by:

Post-invasion (2003–2011)

Ba'ath Loyalists


Sunni insurgents


Shia insurgents

Invasion phase (2003)
Iraq Iraq

Dulaim Tribes

MEK


Ansar al-Islam


Islamic Emirate of Byara

Inconclusive/Other Result George W. Bush
(January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

US intervention in the War in North-West Pakistan
(2004–2018)

Part of the war on terror and the War in North-West Pakistan

Location: Pakistan
MQ-1 Predator drones typically used in covert bombing operations in Pakistan.
 Pakistan

 United States

Supported by:

Taliban
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Haqqani network
al-Qaeda
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Foreign Mujahideen
Uzbek Islamic Movement
Turkistan Islamic Party
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province

US-allied victory George W. Bush
(January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Second US Intervention in the Somali Civil War
(2007–present)

Part of the Somali Civil War, the Somali Civil War and the war on terror

Location: Somalia and Northeastern Kenya
U.S. Marines establish security positions at Baledogle Military Airfield in Somalia, December, 2020.
 Somalia
 United States

AMISOM

Supported by:

Non-combat support:


 United Nations

al-Shabaab
Mujahideen

Hizbul Islam


Islamic State in Somalia

Ongoing George W. Bush
(January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

Operation Ocean Shield
(2009–2016)

Part of the war on terror

Location: Indian Ocean
A tall plume of black smoke rises from a destroyed pirate vessel that was struck by USS Farragut in March 2010.

 NATO

 Australia
 China
 Colombia
 India
 Indonesia
 Japan
 Malaysia
 New Zealand
 Oman
 Pakistan
 Russia
 Saudi Arabia
 Seychelles
 Singapore
 Somalia
 South Korea
 Ukraine

Somali pirates US-allied victory
  • Number of pirate attacks dramatically decreased
  • The US Office of Naval Intelligence have officially reported that in 2013, only 9 incidents of piracy were reported and that none of them were successfully hijacked[citation needed]
  • Piracy drops 90%[57]
Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)
International intervention in Libya
(2011)

Part of the Libyan Crisis and the First Libyan Civil War

Location: Libya
U.S. vessels launch missiles in support of Anti-Gaddafi rebels during the First Libyan Civil War.

United Nations UNSC Resolution 1973 forces

 NATO

 Sweden
 Jordan
 Qatar
 United Arab Emirates


Anti-Gaddafi rebels

 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Libya Remnants of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (After August 28)

US-allied victory Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)
Operation Observant Compass
(2011–2017)

Part of the war on terror and the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency

Location: Uganda
U.S. Marine Sgt. Joseph Bergeron, a task force combat engineer, explains combat marksmanship tactics to a group of Ugandan soldiers.
 United States
 Uganda
 DR Congo
 Central African Republic
 South Sudan
Lord's Resistance Army US-allied victory
  • Founder and leader of the LRA Joseph Rao Kony goes into hiding
  • Senior LRA commander Dominic Ongwen surrenders to American forces in the Central African Republic and is tried at the Hague
  • Majority of LRA installations and encampments located in South Sudan and Uganda abandoned and dismantled
  • Small scale LRA activity continues in eastern DR Congo, and the Central African Republic
Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)
US military intervention in Niger
(2013–present)

Part of the war on terror, the Operation Juniper Shield and the Jihadist insurgency in Niger

Location: Niger
American special forces training alongside Nigerien soldiers.
 United States

Supported by:

Jihadists:
Al-Qaeda


Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and Syria


Boko Haram (partially aligned with ISIL since 2015)

Ongoing Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

US-led intervention in Iraq
(2014–2021)

Part of the Operation Inherent Resolve, the War in Iraq (2013–2017), the Spillover of the Syrian civil war, the war on terror and the International ISIS campaign

Location: Iraq
U.S. soldiers use a rooftop as an observation post, during the Battle of Mosul in Iraq, March, 2017.
 United States
 Iraq
 Iraqi Kurdistan

CJTF-OIR Members:
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Belgium
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Italy
 Jordan
 Morocco
 Netherlands
 Turkey
 United Kingdom

Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
White Flags
US-allied coalition and Iraqi victory
  • Tens of thousands of ISIL fighters killed
  • American-led forces launch over 13,300 airstrikes on ISIL positions in Iraq
  • Heavy damage dealt to ISIL forces, ISIL loses 40% of its territory in Iraq by January 2016
  • Iraq declares military victory against ISIL on 9 December 2017[61]
  • Low-intensity ISIL insurgency following December 2017
  • Multinational humanitarian and arming of ground forces efforts
  • 200 ISIL created mass graves found containing up to 12,000 people[62]
  • Ongoing US-led Coalition advising and training of Iraqi and Kurdish ground forces
  • U.S. maintains limited military presence, approximately 2,500 U.S. military personnel remain in Iraq as of December 2021, providing assistance, advice and training to Iraqi forces[63]
  • U.S. forces have ended combat mission in Iraq in December 2021[64][65]
Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

US intervention in the Syrian civil war
(2014–present)

Part of the Operation Inherent Resolve, the Syrian civil war, the war on terror and the International ISIS campaign

Location: Syria
U.S. 1st Battalion, 6th Infantry Regiment troops conduct area reconnaissance patrol in Syria, February 2021.
United States United States
Syrian opposition Revolutionary Commando Army

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
Syrian Democratic Forces


CJTF-OIR Members:
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Canada
 Belgium
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Romania
 United Kingdom
 Lebanon
 Morocco
 Jordan
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates
 Qatar
 Bahrain
Supported by:


Turkey


 Israel (limited involvement; against Hezbollah and government forces only)

Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and Syria


al-Qaeda linked groups:

Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria


Ahrar al-Sham


 Syria (limited encounters with US and Israel)
Supported by:

Ongoing Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

US intervention in Libya
(2015–2019)

Part of the Operation Inherent Resolve, the war on terror, the Second Libyan Civil War, and the International ISIS Campaign

Location: Libya
USS Wasp conducts flight operations in Operation Odyssey Lightning.
 United States

 United Kingdom
 France
 Libya

Islamic State in Libya

al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb

ISIS in Libya largely defeated
  • Liberation of Sirte
  • Hundreds of airstrikes carried out in Libya against Islamic State affiliated militant groups
  • ISIS presence in Libya severely diminished; airstrikes cease in 2019
  • Second Libyan Civil War continues until a permanent ceasefire was ratified on October 23, 2020
Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Operation Prosperity Guardian
(2023–present)

Part of the Red Sea crisis, Israel–Hamas war and the Yemeni Civil War

Location: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Yemen
USS Carney engages Houthi missiles.
United States United States
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Canada
 Denmark
 Greece
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Bahrain
 Singapore
 Sri Lanka

Supported by:
 Seychelles

Yemen Supreme Political Council

Ongoing Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Some historians name the 1861–1865 war the "Second American Civil War", because in their view, the American Revolutionary War can also be considered a civil war (since the term can be used in reference to any war in which one political body separates itself from another political body). They then refer to the Independence War, which resulted in the separation of the Thirteen Colonies from the British Empire, as the "First American Civil War".[2][3] A significant number of American colonists stayed loyal to the British Crown and as Loyalists fought on the British side while opposite were a significant amount of colonists called Patriots who fought on the American side. In some localities, there was fierce fighting between Americans including gruesome instances of hanging, drawing, and quartering on both sides.[4][5][6][7]
    • As early as 1789, David Ramsay, an American patriot historian, wrote in his History of the American Revolution that "Many circumstances concurred to make the American war particularly calamitous. It was originally a civil war in the estimation of both parties."[8] Framing the American Revolutionary War as a civil war is gaining increasing examination.[9][10][11][1]. You can read part two of his 1789 book in full here
    • A group of Bristol, England merchants wrote to King George III in 1775 voicing their “most anxious apprehensions for ourselves and Posterity that we behold the growing distractions in America threaten” and ask for their majesty’s “Wisdom and Goodness” to save them from “a lasting and ruinous Civil War.”[2]. You can read the 1775 petition in full here
    • The “constrained voice” is a good synopsis of how the British viewed the American Revolutionary War. From anxiety to a foreboding sense of the conflict being a civil war,[3]
    • In the early stages of the rebellion by the American colonists, most of them still saw themselves as English subjects who were being denied their rights as such. “Taxation without representation is tyranny,” James Otis reportedly said in protest of the lack of colonial representation in Parliament. What made the American Revolution look most like a civil war, though, was the reality that about one-third of the colonists, known as loyalists (or Tories), continued to support and fought on the side of the crown.[4]
  2. ^ France entered the American Revolution on the side of the colonists in 1778, turning what had essentially been a civil war into an international conflict.[5]
    • The Revolution was both an international conflict, with Britain and France vying on land and sea, and a civil war among the colonists, causing over 60,000 loyalists to flee their homes.[6]
    • Until early in 1778 the conflict was a civil war within the British Empire, but afterward it became an international war as France (in 1778) and Spain (in 1779) joined the colonies against Britain. Meanwhile, the Netherlands, which provided both official recognition of the United States and financial support for it, was engaged in its own war against Britain.[7]

References

  1. ^ Kelly, Martin (November 4, 2020). "American Involvement in Wars From Colonial Times to the Present". ThoughtCo. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  2. ^ Eric Herschthal. America's First Civil War: Alan Taylor's new history poses the revolution as a battle inside America as well as for its liberty Archived 2017-06-26 at the Wayback Machine, The Slate, September 6, 2016.
  3. ^ James McAuley. Ask an Academic: Talking About a Revolution Archived 2018-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, The New Yorker, August 4, 2011.
  4. ^ Thomas Allen. Tories: Fighting for the King in America's First Civil War. New York, Harper, 2011.
  5. ^ Peter J. Albert (ed.). An Uncivil War: The Southern Backcountry During the American Revolution. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1985.
  6. ^ Alfred Young (ed.). The American Revolution: Explorations in the History of American Radicalism. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1976.
  7. ^ Armitage, David. Every Great Revolution Is a Civil War Archived 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine. In: Keith Michael Baker and Dan Edelstein (eds.). Scripting Revolution: A Historical Approach to the Comparative Study of Revolutions. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015. According to Armitage, "The renaming can happen relatively quickly: for example, the transatlantic conflict of the 1770s that many contemporaries[who?] saw as a British "civil war" or even "the American Civil War" was first called "the American Revolution" in 1776 by the chief justice of South Carolina, William Henry Drayton."
  8. ^ David Ramsay. The History of the American Revolution Archived 2018-07-27 at the Wayback Machine. 1789.
  9. ^ Elise Stevens Wilson. Colonists Divided: A Revolution and a Civil War Archived 2016-10-17 at the Wayback Machine, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.
  10. ^ Timothy H. Breen. The American Revolution as Civil War Archived 2017-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, National Humanities Center.
  11. ^ 1776: American Revolution or British Civil War? Archived 2018-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, University of Cambridge.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Tripolitan War | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  13. ^ a b r2WPadmin. "First Barbary War". American History Central. Retrieved May 8, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Serial 89, 18th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Document No. 1, p. 95
  15. ^ "The Indians". The Philadelphia Inquirer. November 12, 1884.
  16. ^ "Union and Confederate Indians in the Civil War". civilwarhome.com. February 16, 2002. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  17. ^ "City of Albuquerque". City of Albuquerque.
  18. ^ Kenez, Peter (1977). Civil War in South Russia, 1919–1920: The Defeat of the Whites. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace. p. 182. ISBN 978-0520033467.
  19. ^ Yun, Jiwon (2019). "Vietnam's Politic of a Divided Nation: From the Reunification to DoiMoi (Renovation) and Its Implication for the Korean Peninsula and North Korea". International Journal of Korean Unification Studies. 28 (1): 63–92. doi:10.33728/ijkus.2019.28.1.003. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  20. ^ "Who won the Vietnam War? | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
  21. ^ "Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Larry Speakes". September 23, 1982.
  22. ^ Brinkley, Joel (March 11, 1984). "The Collapse of Lebanon's Army: U.S. Said to Ignore Factionalism". The New York Times.
  23. ^ Article title[bare URL PDF]
  24. ^ Cambridge Scholars Publisher (2015). Coercive Diplomacy of NATO in Kosovo. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 289–. ISBN 978-1-4438-7668-1.
  25. ^ Erlanger, Steven (November 7, 1999). "NATO Was Closer to Ground War in Kosovo Than Is Widely Realized". The New York Times.
  26. ^ Lake, Daniel R. (2009). "The Limits of Coercive Airpower: NATO's "Victory" in Kosovo Revisited". International Security. 34: 83–112. doi:10.1162/isec.2009.34.1.83. S2CID 57572298.
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