William Walker (1800–1874) was a Wyandot Native American Indian leader and the first provisional governor of Nebraska Territory which also encompassed the present-day state of Kansas.
Background
Walker was born March 5, 1800, in Wayne County, Michigan.[1] He was the son of William Walker, Sr., a white man who was captured by Delaware Indians in 1777 in Russell County, Virginia. Walker, Sr. was later sold to the Wyandot and grew up among them. William, Sr. married Catherine Rankin, one-fourth Wyandot Indian.[2] The couple had ten children.
Walker was educated in a Methodist school in Worthington, Ohio, and spoke English, French, Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee, Miami, and Potawatomi;[3] and read Latin and Greek. He was described as an eloquent speaker and forceful writer on political and literary subjects. He married Hannah Barrett (d. Dec 7, 1863) on April 8, 1824. She was a student in a Christian mission school at Upper Sandusky, Ohio - and probably part Indian - and served as Private Secretary to Lewis Cass the Governor of Michigan Territory. He became chief of the Wyandot in 1835.[4] After the death of his first wife, Walker married Evelina J. Barrett, a widowed sister-in-law of his first wife, in 1865. She died on August 28, 1868.
The move to Kansas
Despite their adaption to American mores, political pressure increased on the Wyandot in the 1830s to exchange their lands in Ohio for land in what would become the state of Kansas. In 1832, Walker headed a delegation of five Wyandot to explore their proposed new lands. The report of the Wyandot, written by Walker, was highly unfavorable toward the land they saw and the white people they encountered on the frontier, an "abandoned, dissolute, and wicked class of people," many of whom were "fugitives from justice."[5] The murder of a Wyandot chief and his family finally persuaded the Wyandot that the American government would not protect them in Ohio and, in 1843, 664 Wyandot left Ohio by steamboat for their new home in Kansas. Their new lands, purchased from the Delaware people, another Indian tribe in Kansas, encompassed the present Kansas City, Kansas.[6]
Kansas historian William E. Connelley described the Wyandot. "When the Wyandots came to Kansas no member of the tribe was more than one-fourth Indian. The tribe was Indian; the people three-fourths white. They brought with them their church, their schools, their Masonic lodge, a code of laws for their government. They set up their institutions here. They enforced the law."[7]
Provisional governor of Nebraska Territory
On July 26, 1853, Walker was elected provisional governor of the territory of Nebraska at a meeting at the Wyandot Council house. The group that elected him consisted of Wyandot, white traders, and others with outside interests who wished to preempt the federal government's organization of the territory and benefit from the settlement of Kansas by white settlers. Walker and the others were also promoting Kansas as the route for the proposed transcontinental railroad.[8]
Walker's election as provisional governor was not accepted by the federal government, but it prompted Congress to hasten the official organization of the future states of Kansas and Nebraska by passing the Kansas–Nebraska Act 1854. This opened the territory to white settlement and allowed settlers to determine if slavery would be allowed in their territories. The Wyandot people were divided on the issue of slavery, although some, Walker included, owned slaves.[9] Walker, however, opposed secession. A few Wyandot benefited in the 1850s and 1860s by selling their lands to white settlers, but for most the influx of Whites proved disastrous and they soon moved to Oklahoma and new lands there. Walker, however, remained in Kansas where he died on February 13, 1874.[10]
Walker's legacy
Walker's political efforts had the objective of preventing the Wyandot from being dispossessed of their lands in Kansas as they had been in Ohio. As a member of the Wyandot elite, he believed that the Wyandot could survive and prosper alongside white settlers. He was wrong, although some of the Wyandot, including himself, continued to be respected and to be known as important citizens of the territory and state of Kansas.
References
- ^ NEGenWeb project, "The Walker Family, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/resources/OLLibrary/Walker/wlkr011.html Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, accessed, 30 Aug 2011. Some sources give his birth date as March 5, 1799
- ^ "Descendants of James Rankin; http://www.kckps.org/disthistory/pdf%20files/wy_walker_garrett.pdf Archived 2018-01-16 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 30 Aug2011.
- ^ When the Light of the World Was Subdued, Our Songs Came Through, Harjo, Joy, Executive Editor, W. W. Norton & Company, 2020, p. 24
- ^ , Connelley, William E. The Provisional Government of Nebraska and the Journals of William Walker. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1899, pp. 11–13
- ^ Oliphant, J. Orin, ed. "The Report of the Wyandot Exploring Delegation.' Kansas Historical Quarterly, Aug 1947, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 248–262
- ^ "Huron History." http://www.tolatsga.org/hur.html Archived 2010-07-11 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 30 Aug 2011
- ^ "Kansas City, Kansas: Its Place in the History of the State." Collections of Kansas State Historical Society, Vol. XV (1919–1922, p. 185
- ^ Bowes, John P. Exiles and Pioneers: Eastern Indians in the Trans-Continental West. New York: Cambridge U Press, 2007, p. 183
- ^ Bowes, p.182
- ^ NEGenWeb project, "The Walker Family, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/resources/OLLibrary/Walker/wlkr011.html Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, accessed, 30 Aug 2011.
| Territorial (1854–1867) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| State (since 1867) |
| |
Italics indicate acting governors | ||