Laura Martin Rose (September 18, 1862 – May 6, 1917) (born Laura Marcella Martin), known professionally as Mrs. S. E. F. Rose, was a historian and propagandist for the Ku Klux Klan[1] employed by the United Daughters of the Confederacy.[2]
Biography
Rose was born in 1862 near Pulaski, Tennessee, the town where the Ku Klux Klan would be formed three years later.[3] After her marriage to Solon Edward Franklin Rose, she often identified herself with her husband's name, as Mrs. S. E. F. Rose.
Rose wrote a pamphlet, called Origins of the Ku Klux Klan, sold as a fundraiser by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, of which she was Mississippi division president.[4] The funds were to be used to erect a Confederate monument at Jefferson Davis's home. The pamphlet promoted the Lost Cause narrative of the American Civil War and presented racist acts of violence as heroism.[2]
Encouraged by the success of the pamphlet, Rose expanded it into a textbook titled The Ku Klux Klan, or Invisible Empire. Rose justified Klan violence by claiming it was a last resort in response to supposed African American racial violence, and to encourage southern boys, if deemed necessary, to commit acts violence against African American men to defend the virtue of white southern women.[2] The book was one part of a broad campaign to insert false Confederate narratives of the "Lost Cause", glorification of the KKK, and minimalization of the role of slavery in the Civil War, into public school curriculums in the South, so as to uphold institutionalized white supremacy.[1] It was unanimously endorsed by the United Daughters of the Confederacy at their 1913 annual convention in New Orleans, and again at their 1915 annual convention in San Francisco,[5] and by the Sons of Confederate Veterans in Jacksonville in 1914,[6] with aim of promoting it in schools throughout the American South. It was frequently promoted in Confederate Veteran, the official organ of the United Confederate Veterans.[7]
Rose succeeded Mildred Rutherford as historian-general of the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1916. She died in 1917.[2]
Martin Methodist College (renamed University of Tennessee Southern in 2021) was named for her grandfather Thomas Martin (1799–1870), who established the college in his will.[8] As her book describes, some of the earliest meetings of the Klan were held at her grandfather's house.[6]
Re-founding of the Klan
Rose's 1914 textbook contributed to mythologizing and glorifying the Ku Klux Klan, which at that time was a nearly-extinct regional organization. It was one of a number of works of the era that would lead to the Klan's re-founding in 1915.[9]
According to journalist Michelle Serrano, Rose's textbook served to propagate white supremacy and helped to bring about the Jim Crow era of racist laws.[10]
Further reading
- Cox, Karen L. Dixie's Daughters: The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Preservation of Confederate Culture. University Press of Florida, 2003.
References
- ^ a b Huffman, Greg (April 10, 2019). "Twisted Sources: How Confederate propaganda ended up in the South's schoolbooks". Facing South. Durham, North Carolina: Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved 8 Sep 2023.
- ^ a b c d Lowery, J. Vincent. "Laura Martin Rose (1862–1917) Author". Mississippi Encyclopedia.
- ^ "KKK founded". History.com. A&E Television Networks. March 4, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
- ^ Leonard, John William, ed. (1914), Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, American Commonwealth Company, p. 702
- ^ "The Connection Between the United Daughters of the Confederacy and the KKK". Atlanta History Center. Atlanta, Georgia: Atlanta Historical Society. 9 Dec 2022. Retrieved 8 Sep 2023.
- ^ a b Rose, Laura Martin (1914). The Ku Klux Klan or Invisible empire. New Orleans, La.: L. Graham Co., Ltd.
- ^ James W., Loewen; Sebesta, Edward H., eds. (n.d.). "S.E.F. Rose Historian General of the UDC and Her Career in the UDC Praising the Ku Klux Klan". Confederate Truths: Documents of the Confederate & Neo-Confederate Tradition from 1787 to the Present. Retrieved 8 Sep 2023.
- ^ Rose, Laura Martin (1917). "Mr Thomas Martin: Founder of Martin College, Pulaski, Tenn.". The Martin Box. Vol. 7. Phi Kappa, Philosophian and Sigma Rho Literary Societies of Martin College, Pulaski, Tennessee. pp. 17–18.
- ^ Clark, Alexis (July 21, 2019). "How 'The Birth of a Nation' Revived the Ku Klux Klan". History.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
- ^ Serrano, Michelle (January 17, 2018). "Confederate rock opposed". The Brownsville Herald. Brownsville, Texas. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
