Writing for the opponent, also known as steelmanning, is the process of explaining another person's point of view as clearly and fairly as you can, even if you strongly disagree with it, and also giving it proper weight in the article relative to its significance. The concept is similar to that of playing the devil's advocate. The point is to satisfy the proponents of a perspective that you understand their arguments and are willing to present them in a disinterested way.
It is a great way to end an argument in real life, and it can often halt an edit war in an instant. It can also result in you having a greater understanding of the opponent's position, and ideally not viewing them as an "enemy" or even "opponent" any longer, but rather just an individual with different assumptions about a given topic.
Writing for the opponent is also the process of editing an article from the perspective of a viewpoint opposed to your own. By doing so, you can sharpen and apply your neutral point of view editing skills.
For example, it is possible to explain Nikita Khrushchev's view of the USA, without either agreeing or disagreeing with it. Likewise, it is possible to explain why certain individuals did terrible things, without either endorsing them or adding one's own proofs that they were evil or wrong. The expression therefore means the ability to communicate another viewpoint without any elaboration.
Note that writing for the opponent does not necessarily mean one believes the opposite of an opponent's point of view. The writer may be unsure what position they want to take, or simply have no opinion on the matter. What matters is that you try to "walk a mile in their shoes" and, on this occasion, not judge them.
Writing for the opponent contributes to the neutral point of view of Wikipedia. Wikipedians need not "sacrifice" their own viewpoints but simply acknowledge that a viewpoint other than their own may be possible:
- It is the mark of good Wikipedia editors to be able to understand and present various points of view, including those they find distasteful.
Editors must either create edits for the opposing point of view themselves, or at least allow it. Wikipedia's NPOV policy must not be misused so it becomes synonymous with revisionism, censorship, whitewashing, or political correctness. Editors must present both sides of any controversy. To leave out one side amounts to promoting the other side's point of view.