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A concurrent resolution is a resolution (a legislative measure) adopted by both houses of a bicameral legislature that lacks the force of law (is non-binding) and does not require the approval of the chief executive (president). Concurrent resolutions are typically adopted to regulate the internal affairs of the legislature that adopted them, or for other purposes, if authority of law is not necessary (such as in the cases of awards or recognitions).[1]

United States Congress

In the United States Congress, a concurrent resolution is a resolution passed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate but is not presented to the President for signature and does not have the force of law. In contrast, joint resolutions and bills are presented to the President and, once signed or approved over a veto, are enacted and have the force of law.

Concurrent resolutions are generally used to address the sentiments of both chambers or to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses. Examples of concurrent resolutions include:

  • providing for a recess or adjournment of more than three days during the session of Congress. (This is required by Article I, Section 5 of the United States Constitution, "Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.")
  • permitting the use of the Capitol rotunda, which is under the control of both houses.
  • providing for a joint session of Congress, normally to hear a message from the President, such as the State of the Union address.
  • correcting the enrollment of a bill that has already passed both houses.
  • asking the President to return a bill that has been presented to him, before he has signed or vetoed the bill.
  • launching the budget process.
  • creating a temporary joint committee.

Before the Supreme Court of the United States ended the practice in its decision in Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha 462 U.S. 919 (1983), concurrent resolutions were sometimes used to override executive actions via a mechanism known as the legislative veto.

If both houses of Congress were to censure a President (which has never happened, though both the House and Senate have done so individually) the action would, according to parliamentary procedure, be in the form of a concurrent resolution, as a joint resolution requires the President's signature or veto and has the power of law. A concurrent resolution does not have the power of law, nor does it require action by the executive to take force.

Concurrent resolutions originating in the Senate are abbreviated S.Con.Res. and those originating in the House are abbreviated H.Con.Res.

State legislatures

In some U.S. states, a state of emergency can be ended by a concurrent resolution from the state legislature.[2][3]

Examples of concurrent resolutions

See also

References

  1. ^ Beth, Richard (December 2, 2010). "Bills and Resolutions: Examples of How Each Kind Is Used" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-16. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  2. ^ "California governor won't lift virus state of emergency". AP NEWS. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Legislative Oversight of Emergency Executive Powers". National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  4. ^ "S.Con.Res 8". United States Congress. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
  5. ^ "H.Con.Res. 25". United States Congress. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
  6. ^ "S. Con. Res. 10 - Summary". United States Congress. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  7. ^ S.Con.Res.3 — 115th Congress (2017-2018), Congress
  8. ^ "House approves war powers resolution to restrict Trump on Iran". www.cbsnews.com. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  9. ^ Slotkin, Elissa (2020-01-09). "H.Con.Res.83 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to terminate the use of United States Armed Forces to engage in hostilities in or against Iran". www.congress.gov. Retrieved 2020-01-10.