Battle of Honey Springs

The extinct Hibito–Cholón or Cholónan languages form a proposed language family that links two languages of Peru, Hibito and Cholón. This family was believed to be extinct but in 2021 a native speaker was rediscovered, she is Martha Pérez Valderrama, she is currently the only known speaker of this family (specifically from the cholón).[1][2] They may also be related to the extinct Culle language, and perhaps to the language of the Chachapoya, but the data for all of these languages is poor.

Language contact

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kechua, Leko, Mapudungun, Mochika, Kandoshi, Muniche, and Barbakoa language families due to contact.[3]

Lexicon

Several basic Hibito and Cholon words appear to be related, though the data on both languages is poor. The following examples are given in the ad hoc orthography of the three sources we have on these languages:

gloss tree water daughter son
Cholón mech / meš cot / quõt / köta ñu / -ñu pul / -pul
Hibito mixs / mitš cachi / otšj ñoo pool

Comparative word list of Hibito and Cholon from Loukotka (1949):[4]

Notes
  • (Sp.) = Spanish loanword (excluded)
Sources used by Loukotka (1949) — Hibito
  • Manuscript by Martínez Compañón from the 1700s
  • Tessmann (1930)[5]
Sources Loukotka (1949) — Cholon
  • Mata (1748)[6]
  • Tessmann (1930)[5]
French gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Hibito Cholon comparisons
animal animal (Sp.) (Sp.)
arbre tree mixs mees-ñgup
boire drink vvik nig
ciel sky puxam senta
cœur heart thuo-suik aluñač
dieu God diosču (Sp.)
douleur pain kalak ysiam
eau water kači kot Tessmann: oč, köta
étoiles stars kuičas ke-nak
femme woman etlek yla Tessmann: udú, hilá
feu fire ukče vet Tessmann: olmó, utmo
fille daughter noo añu
fils son pool apul
fleur flower čukčum ñuñap
fleuve river sekllutkači kot-ysokot
frère brother moskaá azot Katakao: aszat = homme
fruit fruit llagna keniya
gai happy musugvem augilubaktam
herbe grass kiak pullo
homme man nuum num Tessmann: núm, lúno
lune moon kuiná peel Tessmann: winžö, pel
manger eat lopkem amok
mer sea lapomkači sokotlol
mère mother keek appan
mort dead huank mikol
mourir die kalgeskam ñgoli-čo
oiseau bird kumkoči zuksill
ondes waves omium ypixsimam
père father kotk appa
pleurer cry atzakkem yo-yam
pluie rain laamčus llisiak
poisson fish kazop asua
rameau branch mixnul pučup
régner reign kollam časam
sœur sister moskaá akiñiu
soleil sun ñim musak Tessmann: nim, mušápo
terre earth kaloč lluspey
tronc trunk sangoč sangoč
vent wind koktom mam
viande meat amaá čep

References

  1. ^ "Cholon | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America". ailla.utexas.org. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
  2. ^ "The Cholon Language Collection of Luis Miguel Rojas Berscia | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America". ailla.utexas.org. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
  3. ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
  4. ^ Loukotka, Čestmír. 1949. Sur Quelques Langues Inconnues de l'Amerique du Sud. Lingua Posnaniensis I: 53-82.
  5. ^ a b Tessmann, Günter. 1930. Die Indianer Nordost-Perus: grundlegende Forschungen für eine systematische Kulturkunde. Hamburg: Friederichsen, de Gruyter.
  6. ^ Mata, Fr. Pedro de la. 1748. Arte de la lengua Cholona. Trujillo. Manuscript held at the British Museum in London. (Republished in Inca (1923), vol. 1, pp. 690-750. Lima.)
  • Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: CHOLÓN[1]