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Eurith Dickinson Rivers (December 1, 1895 – June 11, 1967), commonly known as E. D. Rivers and informally as "Ed" Rivers,[citation needed] was an American politician from Lanier County, Georgia. A Democrat, he was the 68th Governor of Georgia, serving from 1937 to 1941.
Early life and education
Eurith Dickinson Rivers was born on December 1, 1895, in Center Point, Arkansas.[citation needed] He attended Young Harris College in North Georgia and settled in Cairo in South Georgia.[citation needed] Rivers also obtained a law degree through La Salle Extension University.[2] Rivers served as a Justice of the Peace, Cairo City Attorney, and Grady County Attorney. He later moved to another South Georgia community, Milltown (now called Lakeland), to become editor of the Lanier County News.[citation needed]
Career
Rivers was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1924 and to the Georgia State Senate in 1926. During this time, he was a member of the Ku Klux Klan.[1] In 1928 and 1930, Rivers was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for Governor. In 1932, he ran for the Georgia House of Representatives. He was elected Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives, serving from 1933 to 1937.
In 1930, Rivers, a Great Titan of the Klan, spoke in front of a crowd in Clarke County, Georgia lamenting of an "alien invasion" attempting to "take away the freedom of government from the masses."[3] The reference was made towards chain stores, which the Ku Klux Klan opposed.
His election as governor came after a stormy Democratic primary in 1936 in which the race served as a surrogate referendum on US President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Since Georgia did not allow three consecutive terms, Governor Eugene Talmadge was not eligible for re-election.[4] Talmadge, who strongly opposed the New Deal and had delayed its implementation in Georgia, ran for the US Senate and backed Charles D. Redwine for governor. Rivers, who, as Speaker, had strongly supported the New Deal, was his opponent and won with about 60 percent of the vote, the same margin by which Talmadge lost his Senate race.[citation needed]
Rivers' first two-year term as governor saw Georgia pass the legislation required to bring New Deal programs into the state, and was widely acclaimed.[citation needed] Rivers created the 7-month school year.[citation needed] Under Rivers' leadership, electrical services were expanded to rural areas of the state.[citation needed] Georgia moved from the lowest-ranked state to the top of the list in the number of rural electrification associations.[citation needed] When he was in office, the State Bureau of Unemployment Compensation was created, allowing Georgians to receive unemployment benefits.[citation needed]
Upon his election, Rivers named Ku Klux Klan Imperial Wizard Hiram Wesley Evans as a member of his staff.[5]
When Arthur Perry and Arthur Mack, two black men, faced rushed death sentences by an all-white jury for alleged murder, attorney and future Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall requested Rivers to grant due process to the defendants.[5] Rivers issued a cold reply: "Prison commission has no record of matter you mentioned in your wire of yesterday."[citation needed]
In 1938, rumors circulated that Franklin D. Roosevelt would endorse Rivers for United States Senate to oppose Walter F. George, who had opposed the president's Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, commonly known as the court-packing plan.[5] Roosevelt's advisers warned him of Rivers' KKK connections, and the Georgia governor opted for re-election instead of seeking the Senate seat.
After Rivers' re-election in 1938, he ran into problems financing many of his improvement programs. Although the budget was reduced by 25 percent, he was able to convince the legislature to create the Georgia Housing Authority and obtain federal funds to build public housing. During Rivers' second term, there were political scandals and charges of corruption. Many of Rivers' appointees and staff members were charged with corrupt practices, and the charges reflected poorly on the governor.[citation needed]
In 1939, Rivers proclaimed a state holiday for the December premiere of the film Gone With the Wind.[6]
Rivers sought the governorship again in 1946 but finished a distant third behind Eugene Talmadge and James V. Carmichael in the Democratic primary.[1]
Later life and death
Rivers was never again elected to public office. He became a successful radio station owner.[1] Rivers retired to Miami-Dade County, Florida, after putting WEDR Radio on the air in Miami.[citation needed] He died in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1967 and is interred in a mausoleum in the City Cemetery in Lakeland, Georgia.[citation needed]
Rivers is the most recent Georgia governor to have been born outside the state.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h "E. D. Rivers (1895-1967)". New Georgia Encyclopedia.
- ^ Georgia Dept. of Archives and History (1925). Georgia's official register. Longino and Porter
- ^ Giaimo, Cara (MArch 22, 2016). The KKK’s War on Chain Stores. Slate. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- ^ "Eugene Talmadge, and newly-elected Governor R.D. Rivers shaking hands at inauguration, Atlanta, Georgia, January 12, 1937". Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library. Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
- ^ a b c Beasley, David (February 7, 2014). Thurgood Marshall versus Georgia’s Klansman Governor. The History Reader. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- ^ "Arrival for Gone With the Wind Movie Premiere Festivities, Dec. 15, 1939". Atlanta History Photograph Collection, Atlanta History Center. Digital Library of Georgia. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
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