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The Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, formerly Reconstruction Era National Monument is a United States National Historical Park in Beaufort County, South Carolina established by President Barack Obama in January 2017 to preserve and commemorate activities during the Reconstruction Era that followed the American Civil War. The monument was the first U.S. National Monument dedicated to the Reconstruction Era.[1] The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, signed March 12, 2019, by President Donald Trump, re-designated it as a national historical park.[2] It is administered by the National Park Service.[3]

Creation of the monument

The campaign to create a Reconstruction Era National Monument spanned fifteen years, beginning in the final days of the Bill Clinton administration, when outgoing Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt visited the Beaufort area, accompanied by historian Eric Foner, author of the book Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877.[1] The initial effort to create the national monument failed in Congress amid opposition from the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[1][4] In 2004, when the creation of a Beaufort Reconstruction History Park was being considered, the Sons of Confederate Veterans organized a campaign to persuade U.S. Representative Joe Wilson (who then represented the area of the proposed park) to oppose it. After receiving letters from the group's members and meeting with the group, Wilson told the National Park Service that he would not support the park.[4]

The proposal was revived in 2015, however, after two historians commissioned by the Park Service — Gregory Downs of the University of California, Davis and Kate Masur of Northwestern University—undertook a field study of sites associated with the Reconstruction era and issued a report entitled National Historical Landmark Theme Study on the U.S. Reconstruction Era, 1861–1898.[1][5] At an April 2016 symposium entitled "The Reconstruction Era: History and Public Memory" in Columbia, South Carolina, sponsored by Historic Columbia and the University of South Carolina History Center, Downs, Masur, and others spoke. At that symposium, a Park Service official indicated that opposition to the proposed national monument from the Sons of Confederate Veterans had softened.[4]

Two U.S. Representatives from South Carolina, Democrat Jim Clyburn and Republican Mark Sanford (whose district has included Beaufort since redistricting in 2010),[4] were major champions of the monument's designation and had sought to create the monument via an act of Congress.[6] A proposal to create the Reconstruction Era National Monument through executive action received overwhelming support at a public meeting held by Clyburn and the Park Service in December 2016.[7] The great-great-grandson of Robert Smalls—a freed slave who rose to become a member of Congress from South Carolina during Reconstruction—was a supporter of the monument's designation.[7]

The Reconstruction Era National Monument, created in the final days of President Obama's term, was established on the same day as two National Monuments honoring the American civil rights movement: the Freedom Riders National Monument and the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument.[6][8] Obama created the monuments using his executive authority under the Antiquities Act, which confers upon the president the unilateral authority to create most national monuments.[1]

A public dedication ceremony was held in March 2017.[9] The monument's dedication was also celebrated at that year's annual Original Gullah Festival.[10]

Sites that are part of the historical park

The monument includes four locations in and near Beaufort, South Carolina.[11] The Beaufort area came under the control of the Union Army in November 1861. As a result, it was one of the first places in the United States where emancipated slaves "voted, bought property and created churches, schools and businesses."[1] The four sites that are part of the park are:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Jennifer Schuessler, President Obama Designates First National Monument Dedicated to Reconstruction, New York Times (January 12, 2017).
  2. ^ "Text - S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act". United States Congress. March 12, 2019. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  3. ^ "FACT SHEET: President Obama Designates National Monuments Honoring Civil Rights History". White House Office of the Press Secretary. January 12, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d Bill Rauch, Can the South Make Room for Reconstruction?, The Atlantic (September 17, 2016).
  5. ^ Hilary Hurd Anyaso, Historian's work foundation of new national monument, Northwestern Now, Northwestern University (January 30, 2017).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Emma Dumain, Just under the wire, Obama establishes national monument to Reconstruction era in Beaufort County, The Post & Courier (January 12, 2017).
  7. ^ a b Stephen Fastenau, Clyburn, Park Service hear overwhelming support for Reconstruction monument, Beauford Gazette (December 15, 2016).
  8. ^ Melanie Eversley, Obama designates 3 civil rights sites as national monuments, USA Today (January 12, 2017).
  9. ^ James Clyburn, Putting things in perspective: monuments, basketball and a flag, The State (March 21, 2017).
  10. ^ Gullah Festival set for Memorial Day weekend, Bluffton Today (May 19, 2017).
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jessicah Lawrence, "Beaufort designated as Reconstruction era national monument," Beaufort Today (January 16, 2017).
  12. ^ a b c Plan Your Visit: Reconstruction Era National Monument, National Park Service.
  13. ^ Emily Williams, How Reconstruction is being retold in Beaufort, one of the newest national parks, Post & Courier (April 22, 2019).

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_Era_National_Historical_Park