The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Prior to 20th century
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- 1564 - French Fort Caroline established by René Goulaine de Laudonnière.[1]
- 1565 - Spanish forces take Fort Caroline.
- 1822
- Settlement named "Jacksonville" to honor Andrew Jackson.[2]
- Town grid laid out.[3]
- Jacksonville becomes seat of newly formed Duval County.[1]
- 1832
- Town incorporated.[4][3]
- William J. Mills becomes mayor.[1]
- 1838 - Bethel Baptist Church established.[5]
- 1845 - Florida becomes part of the United States.
- 1846 - October 12: Gale.[6]
- 1857 - City Park created.
- 1858 - Florida, Atlantic & Gulf Central Railroad begins operating.[7]
- 1862 - Town occupied by Union forces.
- 1869 - St. James Hotel built.[8]
- 1871 - Furchgott, Benedict & Co. dry goods store in business.[9]
- 1872 - Cookman Institute established.[3]
- 1873 - Florida Circulating Library active.[10]
- 1875 - Windsor Hotel built.[11]
- 1876
- Duval High School established.[12]
- Union Congregational Church built.[12][13]
- 1877 - Board of Health established.[12]
- 1878 - Library and Literary Association formed.
- 1881 - Florida Daily Times begins publication.[14]
- 1882
- Synagogue dedicated.[15]
- Florida Baptist Academy established.
- 1884 - Board of Trade organized.[16]
- 1885 - Park Opera House in business.[17]
- 1886 - Boylan Industrial Home and school established.[18]
- 1887
- Yellow fever epidemic.[19][3]
- The Metropolis newspaper begins publication.[14]
- St. Andrew's Episcopal Church built.
- 1888 - Subtropical Exposition held.
- 1890 - Population: 17,201.[3]
- 1892 - Edward Waters College active.[20]
- 1893 - Streetcars began operating.
- 1897 - Woman's Club founded.[21]
- 1900 -
- "Lift Every Voice and Sing" song first performed.[22]
- Population: 28,429.[3]
20th century
1900s-1950s
- 1901
- May 3: Great Fire of 1901.[1][3]
- Brewster Hospital established.[23]
- Continental Hotel opens.[21]
- 1903
- 1904
- Lincoln Park opens.[21]
- First Baptist Church built.
- 1905
- Jacksonville Free Public Library opens.
- Protestant Union Revival held.[21]
- 1907
- 1908 - Filmmaker Kalem Studios active.[1]
- 1909 - YMCA building constructed.[21]
- 1910
- Atlantic Boulevard laid out.
- Population: 57,699.[24][3]
- 1912
- St. James Building constructed.
- City Rotary Club formed.
- 1914 - Jacksonville Zoological Park established.[25]
- 1917
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Jacksonville chapter established.[26]
- John W. Martin becomes mayor.
- 1920 – Population: 91,558.[24]
- 1921 - St. Johns River Bridge opens.[1]
- 1923 - John T. Alsop becomes mayor.
- 1925
- 1926 - Carling Hotel opens.
- 1927 - Florida Theatre and 5 Points Theatre built.[28]
- 1928 - Gator Bowl Stadium built.
- 1929 - Jacksonville Historical Society founded.
- 1930 – Population: 129,549.[24]
- 1934
- Jacksonville Junior College established.
- WMBR radio begins broadcasting.[27]
- 1938
- 1940
- U.S. military Naval Air Station Jacksonville commissioned.[1]
- Population: 173,065.[24]
- 1946 - Annual Gator Bowl college football game begins.
- 1947
- Jacksonville Urban League formed.[26]
- Hanna Park created.
- 1949
- WJXT (television) begins broadcasting.[29]
- W. Haydon Burns becomes mayor.
- 1950 - Population: 204,517.[24]
- 1953 - Mathews Bridge opens.
- 1955 - Jacksonville Expressway Authority established.
- 1957 - WFGA-TV (television) begins broadcasting.[29]
1960s-1990s
- 1960
- August: "Ax Handle Saturday" racial unrest.[23]
- Population: 201,030.[24]
- 1962 - Civic Auditorium opens.[17]
- 1963 - December, Hotel Roosevelt fire
- 1964 - September 10, Hurricane Dora occurs.[1]
- 1967
- Hart Bridge opens.[30]
- Mary Singleton and Sallye B. Mathis became the first female African Americans elected to the City Council.[23]
- 1968
- Consolidation of city and Duval County governments.
- Hans Tanzler becomes mayor.
- 1970 - Population: 528,865.[24]
- 1973 - Florida Municipal Home Rule Powers Act ratified.[31][nb 1]
- 1979 - Jake Godbold becomes mayor.
- 1980
- Foreign trade zone established.[32][33]
- Population: 540,920.[24]
- 1984 - Jacksonville Bulls football team formed.
- 1989 - The Jacksonville Skyway begins operating[34]
- 1990 - Population: 635,230.[24]
- 1993 - Corrine Brown becomes U.S. representative for Florida's 3rd congressional district.[35]
- 1995
- Jacksonville Jaguars football team formed.[1]
- Jacksonville Municipal Stadium opens.
- John Delaney becomes mayor.[36]
- 1998 - City website online (approximate date).[37][38][chronology citation needed]
- 2000
- "Better Jacksonville Plan" for urban growth approved.[39]
- Population: 735,617.[40]
21st century
- 2001 - Ander Crenshaw becomes U.S. representative for Florida's 4th congressional district.[41]
- 2003 - May 13: Jacksonville mayoral election, 2003 held; John Peyton wins.
- 2010 - Population: 821,784.[42]
- 2011 - March 22: Jacksonville mayoral election, 2011 held; Alvin Brown wins. He was the city's first elected African-American mayor.[23]
- 2013 - Corrine Brown becomes U.S. representative for Florida's 3rd congressional district again.[43]
- 2015 - Lenny Curry becomes mayor.
- 2022 - Jacksonville celebrates its bicentennial.
- 2023 - May 16: 2023 Jacksonville mayoral election; Donna Deegan wins, becomes the city's first female mayor.
- 2023 - August 26: Mass shooting at a Jacksonville Dollar General store.[44]
See also
- History of Jacksonville, Florida
- List of mayors of Jacksonville, Florida
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Duval County, Florida
- Timelines of other cities in the North Florida area of Florida: Gainesville, Pensacola, Tallahassee
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Jacksonville Timeline". Jacksonville Public Library. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012.
- ^ James Wood Davidson (1889), Florida of To-day: A Guide for Tourists and Settlers, D. Appleton and company, OCLC 1535118, OL 23527797M
- ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
- ^ Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (2001), Overview of Municipal Incorporations in Florida (PDF), LCIR Report, Tallahassee, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-28
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Monroe N. Work, ed. (1922). "The Church Among Negroes: First Churches Organized (timeline)". Negro Year Book. Alabama: Negro Year Book Publishing Company, Tuskegee Institute. hdl:2027/wu.89073092546 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Davis 1911.
- ^ Fenlon 1953.
- ^ Federal Writers' Project 1939.
- ^ Dry Goods Economist, New York: Textile Publishing Co., January 22, 1916, OCLC 8911005
- ^ Davies Project. "American Libraries before 1876". Princeton University. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
- ^ Varnum 1885.
- ^ a b c Gold 1929.
- ^ History, Jacksonville: Arlington Congregational Church, retrieved September 20, 2016
- ^ a b "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
- ^ Webb 1887, pp. 13–21: "Chronological"
- ^ Board of Trade 1906.
- ^ a b Fletcher 2015.
- ^ Woman's home missions, Cincinnati: Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, August 1920
- ^ Shumsky 1998.
- ^ Nancy C. Curtis (1996), Black Heritage Sites, Chicago: American Library Association, ISBN 0838906435, OL 1274269M, 0838906435
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Crooks 1984.
- ^ McCarthy 1992.
- ^ a b c d "Timeline of African-Americans in North Florida". Jacksonville Public Library. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, Jr., ed. (2001). "Zoological Gardens of the United States (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ a b c Bartley 2000.
- ^ a b c Jack Alicoate, ed. (1939), "Florida", Radio Annual, New York: Radio Daily, OCLC 2459636
- ^ a b "Historic Theatre Inventory". Maryland, USA: League of Historic American Theatres. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
- ^ a b Charles A. Alicoate, ed. (1960), "Television Stations: Florida", Radio Annual and Television Year Book, New York: Radio Daily Corp., OCLC 10512206
- ^ Historic Highway Bridges of Florida (PDF), Florida Department of Transportation, 2012
- ^ a b League of Women Voters Jacksonville; et al., Introduction to Duval County Government, retrieved April 30, 2017
- ^ Susan Tiefenbrun (2012), Tax Free Trade Zones of the World and in the United States, Edward Elgar, p. 294, ISBN 9781849802437
- ^ "Merchandise Received and Exports: Top 25, 2015", Annual Report of the Foreign-Trade Zones Board to the Congress of the United States, 2016
- ^ Bell, Jon (December 1, 2007). "Jacksonville, Florida: The Skyway". www.jtbell.net. Jon Bell. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
- ^ "Florida". Official Congressional Directory. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1993. hdl:2027/uc1.l0072691827 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Office of the Mayor". City of Jacksonville. Archived from the original on February 2, 2003.
- ^ "Welcome to Jacksonville's Virtual City Hall!". Archived from the original on 1998-12-06 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Jacksonville hopes city's new website moves services online", Jacksonville.com, Florida Times-Union, December 28, 2010
- ^ Prues 2003.
- ^ U.S. Census Bureau, "Mini-Historical Statistics: Population of the Largest 75 Cities: 1900 to 2000" (PDF), Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003
- ^ "Florida". Official Congressional Directory. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 2003. hdl:2027/mdp.39015054040954.
- ^ Florida Legislative Office of Economic and Demographic Research; U.S. Census Bureau (2011), "City of Jacksonville", 2010 Census Detailed City Profiles
- ^ Civic Impulse, LLC. "Members of Congress". GovTrack. Washington, D.C. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
- ^ n.a. (27 August 2023). "Jacksonville shootings: What we know about the hate crime". AP News. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
Bibliography
Published in 19th century
- Edward H. Hall (1873), "Jacksonville", Appletons' Hand-book of American Travel: the Southern Tour, New York: D. Appleton & Co
- Jacksonville Directory. New York: W.S. Webb & Co. 1876 – via University of North Florida.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (9th ed.). 1881.
- John L. Edwards (1881), "Jacksonville", Edwards' guide to East Florida, Jacksonville, Fla: Ashmead Bros.
- Varnum (1885). Jacksonville, Florida: a descriptive and statistical report. Jacksonville Board of Trade.
- John R. Richards, ed. (1886). "Jacksonville". Florida State Gazetteer and Business Directory. New York: South Publishing Company. OCLC 12186532.
- W.S. Webb, ed. (1886), Jacksonville and Consolidated Directory – via University of Florida
- George E. Waring, Jr.; U.S. Department of the Interior, Census Office (1887), "Florida: Jacksonville", Report on the Social Statistics of Cities: Southern and the Western States, Washington DC: Government Printing Office, pp. 181–184
- Wanton S. Webb, ed. (1887), Jacksonville and Consolidated Directory
- Joseph W. White (1890), "City of Jacksonville", White's Guide to Florida, Jacksonville, Fla: Dacosta
- "Jacksonville", Rand, McNally & Co.'s handy guide to the southeastern states, Chicago and New York: Rand, McNally & Co., 1899
Published in 20th century
- Jacksonville and Florida Facts; prepared for the Jacksonville Board of Trade, Jacksonville: H. & W. B. Drew Company, 1906, hdl:2027/nyp.33433007498706, OCLC 1540641
- "Jacksonville". Florida Gazetteer and Business Directory 1907-1908. R. L. Polk & Co. 1907.
- Jacksonville City Directory. R. L. Polk & Co. 1908.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 112.
- Thomas Frederick Davis (1911), History of Early Jacksonville, Florida, Jacksonville: The H. & W. B. Drew Company, OCLC 1534543, OL 6537778M
- Jacksonville: A city with a sky line and a water front and the spirit that does things, Jacksonville: Arnold Printing Co., 1913, OCLC 1813903, OL 242620M
- "Jacksonville". Automobile Blue Book. Vol. 6. USA. 1920.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Map - Thomas Frederick Davis (1925). History of Jacksonville, Florida and vicinity 1513 to 1924. St. Augustine, Fla.: Florida Historical Society. OCLC 250419240.
- Pleasant Daniel Gold (1929). History of Duval County. St. Augustine, Fla.: The Record Company – via HathiTrust. (fulltext)
- Federal Writers' Project (1939), "Jacksonville", Florida; a Guide to the Southernmost State, Best Books on, ISBN 9781623760090
- Paul E. Fenlon (October 1953). "The Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad: The Railroad in Jacksonville". Florida Historical Quarterly. 32 (2): 71–80. JSTOR 30138953.
- Richard A. Martin (1975). The City Makers. Jacksonville, FL. OCLC 1547826.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Ory Mazar Nergal, ed. (1980), "Jacksonville", Encyclopedia of American Cities, New York: E.P. Dutton, OL 4120668M
- James B. Crooks (April 1984). "Changing Face of Jacksonville, Florida: 1900-1910". Florida Historical Quarterly. 62 (4): 439–463. JSTOR 30146594.
- James Robertson Ward (1985). Old Hickory's Town: An Illustrated History of Jacksonville. Miller Press. OCLC 8919363.
- James B. Crooks (1991). Jacksonville after the Fire, 1901–1919: A New South City. University of North Florida Press. ISBN 0813010675.
- Kevin M. McCarthy, ed. (1992). "Jacksonville". Book Lover's Guide to Florida. Sarasota: Pineapple Press. pp. 26–49. ISBN 978-1-56164-021-8.
- Susan E. Clarke; Gary L. Gaile (1998). "Cities at Work: Cleveland and Jacksonville". The Work of Cities. Globalization and Community. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 107–150. ISBN 978-0-8166-2892-6.
- Neil L. Shumsky, ed. (1998). "Jacksonville, Florida". Encyclopedia of Urban America: The Cities and Suburbs. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1849723362.
- Abel A. Bartley (2000). Keeping the Faith: Race, Politics, and Social Development in Jacksonville, Florida, 1940-1970. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-31035-5.
Published in 21st century
- Jacksonville Historical Society (2001). Jacksonville in Vintage Postcards. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-0683-8.
- Don Prues; Jack Heffron (2003). "Jacksonville". Writer's Guide to Places. Cincinnati: Writer's Digest Books. pp. 72–74. ISBN 1-58297-169-2.
- Dorothy K. Fletcher (2015). Historic Jacksonville Theatre Palaces, Drive-ins and Movie Houses. Charleston, SC: History Press. ISBN 978-1-62619-770-1.
External links
- "Florida Collection". Special Collections. Jacksonville Public Library.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Jacksonville, Florida, various dates
Images
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Bay Street, Jacksonville, late 19th c. -
1886 advertisement for Park Opera House (est. 1885)
