Battle of Backbone Mountain

This is a list of the next general elections around the world in sovereign states. The general elections listed are for the government of each jurisdiction. These elections determine the Prime Minister and makeup of the legislature in a parliamentary democracy, or the president and then the legislature in a system where separate votes are taken for different tiers of government. In most jurisdictions, general elections are held between every three to five years, with presidential elections sometimes attaining six (Mexico and Russia since a 2008 amendment) or seven years (France's septennat until 2000).

A country's constitution may give elections a fixed timing (i.e. United States, Switzerland and Sweden) while some allow the government to dissolve Parliament and call a new vote up to a certain time limit (United Kingdom, Israel and Japan). Some constitutions may require Parliaments to elect the head of state under threat of dissolution (Greece before 2019). In most countries, the election for the representative assembly determines the government. In all of the countries in the Americas that directly elect their president, the presidential and the legislative election is held at the same time (except in Colombia, El Salvador, Haiti, and Venezuela); however, most countries in Europe split these elections and schedule them at different times.

International standards set a number of rules to judge whether the election is unfair. Some countries hold staged elections, but in most cases the election's outcome is the result of organized influence as per social choice theory. Human rights violations include "compromise of the right to participate in government through free elections",[1] the right to freedom of association,[2] or the right to free expression.[3] Elections may also be unfair if unlawful political campaign financing favours particular interest groups, or if the law implicitly favors some through this means. Finally, media ownership may also create significant media bias.[4] The National Democratic Institute also maintains a calendar of general elections.

List of next elections

In cases where an election spans multiple days or has multiple phases, the first date of the election is presented in the table below. In cases where the exact date is unspecified, the latest possible date is listed in the "Next" column.

Africa

Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
 Algeria 5 12 Jun 2021 2026 5 12 Dec 2019 7 Sep 2024 Dominant-party system FLN
 Angola 5 24 Aug 2022 2027 5 24 Aug 2022 2027 Dominant-party system, alleged fraud MPLA
 Benin 4 8 Jan 2023 2027 5 11 Apr 2021 2026 Political suppression Independent
 Botswana 5 23 Oct 2019 2024 Dominant-party system BDP
 Burkina Faso 5 22 Nov 2020 Jul 2024 5 22 Nov 2020 Jul 2024 Coup d'état Military junta
 Burundi 5 20 May 2020 2025 7 20 May 2020 2027 Dominant-party system CNDD–FDD
 Cameroon 5 9 Feb 2020 2025 7 7 Oct 2018 2025 Dominant-party system CPDM
 Cape Verde 5 18 Apr 2021 Apr 2026 5 17 Oct 2021 Oct 2026 MpD
 Central African Republic 5 27 Dec 2020 2025 5 27 Dec 2020 2025 Civil war MCU
 Chad 5 13 Feb 2011 Oct 2024 5 11 Apr 2021 6 May 2024 Insurgency Military junta
 Comoros 5 19 Jan 2020 2025 5 14 Jan 2024 2029 CRC
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 5 20-24 Dec 2023 Dec 2028 5 20-24 Dec 2023 Dec 2028 Dominant-party system PPRD
 Republic of the Congo 5 10 Jul 2022 2027 5 21 Mar 2021 March 2026 Dominant-party system PCT
 Djibouti 5 24 Feb 2023 Feb 2028 5 9 Apr 2021 Apr 2026 Dominant-party system UMP
 Egypt 5 24 Oct 2020 2025 6 10-12 Dec 2023 2030 Political suppression Mostaqbal Watan
 Equatorial Guinea 5 20 Nov 2022 2027 7 20 Nov 2022 2029 Dominant-party system, political suppression PDGE
 Eritrea One-party state, does not hold elections PFDJ
 Eswatini 5 29 Sep 2023 2028 Absolute monarchy, Parliament has very limited powers King of Eswatini
 Ethiopia 5 21 Jun 2021 2025 6 25 Oct 2018 2024 Dominant-party system Prosperity Party
 Gabon 5 26 Aug 2023 2025 5 26 Aug 2023 2025 Coup d'état Military junta
 Gambia 5 22 Apr 2022 2027 5 4 Dec 2021 Dec 2026 NPP
 Ghana 4 7 Dec 2020 7 Dec 2024 4 7 Dec 2020 7 Dec 2024 Two-party system NPP
 Guinea 5 22 Mar 2020 2024 6 18 Oct 2020 2024 Coup d'état Military junta
 Guinea-Bissau 4 4 Jun 2023 2027 5 24 Nov 2019 Nov 2024 PAI-Terra Ranka
 Côte d'Ivoire 5 6 Mar 2021 Mar 2026 5 31 Oct 2020 2025 RHDP
 Kenya 5 9 Aug 2022 2027 5 9 Aug 2022 2027 ICC investigation UDA
 Lesotho 5 7 Oct 2022 2027 RFP
 Liberia 6 10 Oct 2023 Oct 2029 6 10 Oct 2023 Oct 2029 UP
 Libya 4 25 Jun 2014 Next 5 Next Recent civil wars Independent
 Madagascar 5 27 May 2019 2024 5 16 Nov 2023 2028 TGV
 Malawi 5 23 Jun 2020 May 2025 5 23 Jun 2020 May 2025 MCP
 Mali 5 29 Mar 2020 2024 5 29 Jul 2018 2024 Coup d'état Military junta
 Mauritania 5 13 May 2023 2028 5 22 Jun 2019 22 Jun 2024 Alleged fraud Insav
 Mauritius 5 7 Nov 2019 30 Nov 2024 5 7 Nov 2019 30 Nov 2024 MSM
 Morocco 5 8 Sep 2021 2026 Dominant-party system RNI
 Mozambique 5 15 Oct 2019 9 Oct 2024 5 15 Oct 2019 9 Oct 2024 Dominant-party system FRELIMO
 Namibia 5 27 Nov 2019 Nov 2024 5 27 Nov 2019 Nov 2024 Dominant-party system SWAPO
 Niger 5 27 Dec 2020 2025 5 27 Dec 2020 2025 Coup d'état Military junta
 Nigeria 4 23 Feb 2023 Feb 2027 4 23 Feb 2023 Feb 2027 Violence APC
 Rwanda 5 3 Sep 2018 15 Jul 2024 7 4 Aug 2017 15 Jul 2024 Dominant-party system, political suppression FPR
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 3 8–9 Apr 2023 2026 3 20 Jan 2023 2026 One-party state Polisario Front
 Sao Tome and Principe 4 25 Sep 2022 2026 5 18 Jul 2021 2026 ADI
 Senegal 5 31 Jul 2022 2027 5 24 Feb 2019 24 Mar 2024 Violence, delayed elections BBY
 Seychelles 5 22 Oct 2020 2025 5 24 Oct 2020[5][6] 2025 LDS
 Sierra Leone 5 24 Jun 2023 2028 5 24 Jun 2023 2028 SLPP
 Somalia 4 2021–2022 2026 5 15 May 2022 2027 Political crisis Tayo
 Somaliland 5 31 May 2021 2026 5 13 Nov 2017 13 Nov 2024 Violence, delayed elections Waddani, UCID
 South Africa 5 8 May 2019 29 May 2024 Dominant-party system ANC
 South Sudan 4 2024 4 2024 Civil war SPLM
 Sudan 5 13 Apr 2015 Next 5 13 Apr 2015 Next Civil conflict Military junta
 Tanzania 5 25 Oct 2020 Oct 2025 5 25 Oct 2020 Oct 2025 Dominant-party system CCM
 Togo 5 20 Dec 2018 20 Apr 2024 5 22 Feb 2020 2025 Dominant-party system UNIR
 Tunisia 5 17 Dec 2022 2027 5 15 Sep 2019 Sep 2024 Political suppression Independent
 Uganda 5 14 Jan 2021 2026 5 14 Jan 2021 2026 Dominant-party system NRM
 Zambia 5 12 Aug 2021 2026 5 12 Aug 2021 2026 UPND
 Zimbabwe 5 23 Aug 2023 2028 5 23 Aug 2023 2028 Dominant-party system, alleged fraud ZANU–PF

Americas

Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
 Antigua and Barbuda 5 18 Jan 2023 2028 ABLP
 Argentina 2 22 Oct 2023 2025 4 22 Oct 2023 2027 LLA
 Bahamas 5 16 Sep 2021 2026 Two-party system PLP
 Barbados 5 19 Jan 2022 2027 4 20 Oct 2021 2025 Two-party system BLP
 Belize 5 11 Nov 2020 2025 Two-party system PUP
 Bolivia 5 18 Oct 2020 Oct 2025 5 18 Oct 2020 Oct 2025 Dominant-party system MAS-IPSP
 Brazil 4 2 Oct 2022 4 Oct 2026 4 2 Oct 2022 4 Oct 2026 PT
 Canada 4 20 Sep 2021 2025 Liberal
 Chile 4 21 Nov 2021 Nov 2025 4 21 Nov 2021 Nov 2025 AdG
 Colombia 4 13 Mar 2022 2026 4 29 May 2022 2026 PHxC
 Costa Rica 4 6 Feb 2022 2026 4 6 Feb 2022 2026 PPSD
 Cuba 5 23 Mar 2023 2028 5 19 Apr 2023 2028 One-party state PCC
 Dominica 5 6 Dec 2022 2028 5 27 Sep 2023 2028 Dominant-party system DLP
 Dominican Republic 4 5 Jul 2020 19 May 2024 4 5 Jul 2020 19 May 2024 PRM
 Ecuador 4 20 Aug 2023 2025 4 20 Aug 2023 2025 ADN
 El Salvador 3 4 Feb 2024 Feb 2027 5 4 Feb 2024 Feb 2029 NI
 Grenada 5 23 Jun 2022 2027 NDC
 Guatemala 4 25 Jun 2023 2027 4 25 Jun 2023 2027 Vamos
 Guyana 5 2 Mar 2020 2025 5 2 Mar 2020 2025 Two-party system PPP/C
 Haiti 4 9 Aug 2015 Next 5 20 Nov 2016 Next Gang violence, political unrest INITE
 Honduras 4 28 Nov 2021 Nov 2025 4 28 Nov 2021 Nov 2025 Libre
 Jamaica 5 3 Sep 2020 2025 Two-party system JLP
 Mexico 3 6 Jun 2021 2 Jun 2024 6 1 Jul 2018 2 Jun 2024 Violence, drug war MORENA
 Nicaragua 5 7 Nov 2021 Nov 2026 5 7 Nov 2021 Nov 2026 Political suppression FSLN
 Panama 5 5 May 2019 5 May 2024 5 5 May 2019 5 May 2024 PRD
 Paraguay 5 30 Apr 2023 2028 5 30 Apr 2023 2028 Dominant-party system Colorado
 Peru 5 11 Apr 2021 2026 5 11 Apr 2021 2026 Political unrest Caretaker government
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 5 5 Aug 2022 2027 SKNLP
 Saint Lucia 5 26 Jul 2021 2026 SLP
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5 5 Nov 2020 2025 Dominant-party system ULP
 Suriname 5 25 May 2020 May 2025 5 25 May 2020 May 2025 VHP, ABOP, NPS, PL
 Trinidad and Tobago 5 10 Aug 2020 2025 5 20 Jan 2023 2028 Two-party system PNM
 United States 2 8 Nov 2022 5 Nov 2024 4 3 Nov 2020 5 Nov 2024 Two-party system Democratic
 Uruguay 5 27 Oct 2019 27 Oct 2024 5 27 Oct 2019 27 Oct 2024 PN
 Venezuela 5 6 Dec 2020 2025 6 20 May 2018 28 Jul 2024 Political suppression, disputed election PSUV

Asia

Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
 Afghanistan 20 Oct 2018 28 Sep 2019 Autocracy, does not hold elections Taliban
 Bahrain 4 12 Nov 2022 2026 Political suppression Independents
 Bangladesh 5 7 Jan 2024 2028/2029 5 13 Feb 2023 2028 Dominant-party system Awami League
 Bhutan 5 9 Jan 2024 2029 PDP
 Brunei 20 Mar 1965 Absolute monarchy, does not hold elections Sultan of Brunei
 Cambodia 5 23 Jul 2023 2028 Authoritarian state CPP
 China 5 Oct 2022–Feb 2023 2027 5 10 Mar 2023 2028 One-party state, indirectly elected legislature CCP
 East Timor 5 21 May 2023 2028 5 19 Mar 2022 2027 CNRT and PD
 Hong Kong 4 19 Dec 2021 2025 5 8 May 2022 28 Mar 2027 Political suppression Pro-Beijing camp
 India 5 11 Apr 2019 May 2024 5 18 Jul 2022 2027 BJP
 Indonesia 5 17 Apr 2019 14 Feb 2024 5 17 Apr 2019 14 Feb 2024 Voter suppression PDI–P
 Iran 4 21 Feb 2020 1 Mar 2024 4 18 Jun 2021 Jun 2025 Candidates must be approved by Guardian Council Principlists
 Iraq 4 10 Oct 2021 Next 4 13 Oct 2022 2026 War, clashes, protests Multi-party coalition
 Israel 4 1 Nov 2022 2026 7 2 Jun 2021 2028 War Coalition
 Japan 4 31 Oct 2021 2025 Dominant-party system LDP and Kōmeitō
 Jordan 4 10 Nov 2020 2024 Political suppression Independents
 Kazakhstan 5 19 Mar 2023 2028 7 20 Nov 2022 2029 Authoritarian state, sham elections Amanat
 Kuwait 4 6 Jun 2023 4 Apr 2024 Political suppression Independents
 Kyrgyzstan 5 28 Nov 2021 2025 6 10 Jan 2021 2027 Mekenchil-led coalition
 Laos 5 21 Feb 2021 2026 One-party state LPRP
 Lebanon 4 15 May 2022 2026 6 2014–2016 2022–2024 FPM
 Macau 4 12 Sep 2021 2025 5 25 Aug 2019 2024 Political suppression Pro-Beijing camp
 Malaysia 5 19 Nov 2022 2028 PH-led coalition
 Maldives 5 6 Apr 2019 21 Apr 2024 5 30 Sep 2023 2028 PNC
 Mongolia 4 24 Jun 2020 28 Jun 2024 6 9 Jun 2021 Jun 2027 MPP
 Myanmar 5 8 Nov 2020 Next Authoritarian state, civil war Military junta
   Nepal 5 18 Nov 2022 2027 5 9 Mar 2023 2028 CPN (MC) and NC
 North Korea 5 10 Mar 2019 Mar 2024 One-party state WPK
 Oman 4 29 Oct 2023 Oct 2027 Absolute monarchy, elections to Consultative Assembly Sultan of Oman
 Pakistan 5 8 Feb 2024 2029 5 9 Mar 2024 2029 Violence, alleged tampering PML(N)-led coalition
 Palestine 4 25 Jan 2006 Next 4 9 Jan 2005 Next War, no elections held for over 16 years Fatah (West Bank), Hamas (Gaza)
 Philippines 3 9 May 2022 2025 6 9 May 2022 2028 Alleged electoral fraud[7] UniTeam Alliance
 Qatar 4 2 Oct 2021 Oct 2025 Political suppression Independents
 Saudi Arabia Absolute monarchy, does not hold elections King of Saudi Arabia
 Singapore 5 10 Jul 2020 23 Nov 2025 6 1 Sep 2023 2029 Dominant-party system PAP
 South Korea 4 15 Apr 2020 10 Apr 2024 5 9 Mar 2022 2027 Two-party system PPP
 Sri Lanka 5 5 Aug 2020 2025 5 20 Jul 2022 2024 SLPPUNP coalition
 Syria 4 19 Jul 2020 2024 7 26 May 2021 2028 Authoritarian state, civil war Ba'ath
 Taiwan 4 13 Jan 2024 2028 4 13 Jan 2024 2028 DPP
 Tajikistan 5 1 Mar 2020 2025 7 11 Oct 2020 2027 Authoritarian state, sham elections PDP
 Thailand 4 14 May 2023 2027 Political suppression, military interference PTP-led coalition
 Turkmenistan 5 26 Mar 2023 2028 7 12 Mar 2022 2029 Authoritarian state, sham elections TDP
 United Arab Emirates 4 7 Oct 2023 2027 5 Absolute monarchy, indirect election to advisory Federal National Council. Federal Supreme Council
 Uzbekistan 5 22 Dec 2019 2024 7 9 Jul 2023 2030 Authoritarian state, sham elections UzLiDeP and Milliy Tiklanish
 Vietnam 5 23 May 2021 May 2026 5 One-party state CPV
 Yemen 6 27 Apr 2003 Next 7 21 Feb 2012 Next Yemeni crisis, civil war, No elections held for 20 years GPC

Europe

Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
 Abkhazia 5 12 Mar 2022 2027 5 22 Mar 2020 2025 Independents
 Albania 4 25 Apr 2021 2025 5 16 May 2022 2027 PS
 Andorra 4 2 Apr 2023 2027 DA-CC
 Armenia 5 20 Jun 2021 2026 7 3 Mar 2022 2025 Civil Contract
 Austria 5 29 Sep 2019 2024 6 9 Oct 2022 2028 ÖVP, Greens coalition
 Azerbaijan 5 9 Feb 2020 2025 7 7 Feb 2024 2031 Dominant-party system, authoritarian state YAP
 Belarus 4 25 Feb 2024 2028 5 9 Aug 2020 2025 Sham elections, authoritarian state Belaya Rus
 Belgium 5 26 May 2019 9 Jun 2024 MR, Open VLD, PS, Vooruit, Ecolo, Groen, CD&V coalition
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 2 Oct 2022 2026 4 2 Oct 2022 2026 SDP, SNSD, HDZ BiH, NiP, DNS, NS, BHZ minority coalition
 Bulgaria 4 2 Apr 2023 2027 4 14 Nov 2021 Nov 2026 GERB—SDS, PP–DB coalition
 Croatia 4 5 Jul 2020 17 Apr 2024 5 22 Dec 2019 Dec 2024 HDZ, SDSS coalition
 Cyprus 5 30 May 2021 May 2026 5 5 Feb 2023 2028 DIKO, DIPA, EDEK minority coalition
 Czech Republic 4 9 Oct 2021 2025 5 13 Jan 2023 Jan 2028 Spolu, Pirates and Mayors coalition
 Denmark 4 1 Nov 2022 2026 A, V, M coalition
 Estonia 4 5 Mar 2023 2027 5 30 Aug 2021 30 Aug 2026 Reform, SDE, E200 coalition
 European Union 5 23-26 May 2019 6-9 Jun 2024 EPP, S&D, ALDE alliance
 Finland 4 2 Apr 2023 18 Apr 2027 6 28 Jan 2024 2030 Kok., PS, KD, SFP coalition
 France 5 12 Jun 2022 Jun 2027 5 10 Apr 2022 Apr 2027 Ensemble minority
 Georgia 4 31 Oct 2020 26 Oct 2024 6 (5 in 2024) 28 Oct 2018 Oct 2024 Georgian Dream
 Germany 4 26 Sep 2021 2025 5 13 Feb 2022 Feb 2027 SPD, FDP, Greens coalition
 Greece 4 25 Jun 2023 2027 5 22 Jan 2020 2025 ND
 Hungary 4 3 Apr 2022 2026 5 26 Feb 2024 2029 Dominant-party system Fidesz–KDNP
 Iceland 4 25 Sep 2021 2025 4 27 Jun 2020 1 Jun 2024 VG, FSF, Independence coalition
 Ireland 5 8 Feb 2020 2025 7 26 Oct 2018 Oct 2025 Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Green coalition
 Italy 5 25 Sep 2022 2027 7 24 Jan 2022 2029 Centre-right coalition
 Kosovo 4 14 Feb 2021 2025 5 3 Apr 2021 2026 LVV, Guxo, PDS, IRDK, KDTP, NDS coalition
 Latvia 4 1 Oct 2022 2026 4 31 May 2023 2027 Unity, ZZS, PRO coalition
 Liechtenstein 4 7 Feb 2021 2 Feb 2025 Two-party system VU, FBP coalition
 Lithuania 4 11 Oct 2020 13 Oct 2024 5 12 May 2019 12 May 2024 TS–LKD, LRLS, LP coalition
 Luxembourg 5 8 Oct 2023 Oct 2028 CSV, DP coalition
 Malta 5 26 Mar 2022 2027 5 2 Apr 2019 2024 Two-party system Labour
 Moldova 4 11 Jul 2021 2025 4 1 Nov 2020 Nov 2024 Political unrest PAS
 Monaco 5 5 Feb 2023 2028 UNM
 Montenegro 4 11 Jun 2023 2027 5 19 Mar 2023 2028 PES, ZBCG, DCG, SNP, Civis, FSh, ASh coalition
 Netherlands 4 22 Nov 2023 2027 VVD, CDA, D66, CU coalition
 North Macedonia 4 15 Jul 2020 8 May 2024 5 21 Apr 2019 24 Apr 2024 SDSM, DUI, ASh coalition
 Northern Cyprus 4 23 Jan 2022 2026 5 11 Oct 2020 2025 UDP, DP, YDP coalition
 Norway 4 13 Sep 2021 Sep 2025 A/Ap, Sp minority coalition
 Poland 4 15 Oct 2023 2027 5 28 Jun 2020 2025 KO, PL2050, PSL, NL coalition
 Portugal 4 30 Jan 2022 10 Mar 2024 5 24 Jan 2021 Jan 2026 PS
 Romania 4 6 Dec 2020 8 Dec 2024 5 10 Nov 2019 15 Sep 2024 PSD, PNL coalition
 Russia 5 19 Sep 2021 2026 6 18 Mar 2018 17 Mar 2024 Authoritarian state, political suppression, war United Russia
 San Marino 5 8 Dec 2019 Dec 2024 PDCS, RETE, DML, NplR coalition
 Serbia 4 17 Dec 2023 2027 5 3 Apr 2022 2027 Political unrest, electoral fraud SNS, SPS, DSHV, PUPS, SDPS, SPP coalition
 Slovakia 4 30 Sep 2023 2027 5 16 Mar 2019 23 Mar 2024 Smer–SD, Hlas–SD, SNS coalition
 Slovenia 4 24 Apr 2022 2026 5 23 Oct 2022 2027 GS, SD, Levica coalition
 South Ossetia 5 9 Jun 2019 9 Jun 2024 5 10 Apr 2022 2027 Multi-party coalition
 Spain 4 23 Jul 2023 2027 Political unrest PSOE, Sumar minority coalition
 Sweden 4 11 Sep 2022 13 Sep 2026 M, KD, L minority coalition
  Switzerland 4 22 Oct 2023 Oct 2027 1 13 Dec 2023 Dec 2024 see Federal Council
 Transnistria 5 29 Nov 2020 2025 5 12 Dec 2021 2026 Dominant-party system, authoritarian state Obnovlenie
 Turkey 5 14 May 2023 2028 5 14 May 2023 2028 Political suppression,[8] electoral fraud,[9] military interference[10] AKP
 Ukraine 5 21 Jul 2019 Next 5 31 Mar 2019 Next War SN
 United Kingdom 5 12 Dec 2019 2025 Conservative
 Vatican City Absolute monarchy, chosen by conclave Pope
  •  Artsakh was dissolved on 1 January 2024 and so will hold no further elections. It last held a general election in 2020.

Oceania

Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
 Australia 3 21 May 2022 2025 Labor
 Cook Islands 4 1 Aug 2022 2026 Cook Islands Party
 Fiji 4 14 Dec 2022 2026 3 22 Oct 2021 2024 People's Alliance, NFP, SODELPA
 Kiribati 4 14 Apr 2020 2024 4 22 Jun 2020 2024 TKP
 Marshall Islands 4 20 Nov 2023 2027 4 3 Jan 2024 2028 (no political parties)
 Micronesia 2 7 Mar 2023 2025 4 11 May 2023 2027 (no political parties)
 Nauru 3 24 Sep 2022 2025 3 28 Sep 2022 2025 (no political parties)
 New Zealand 3 14 Oct 2023 2026 National, ACT, NZ First
 Niue 3 29 Apr 2023 2026 (no political parties)
 Palau 4 3 Nov 2020 12 Nov 2024 4 3 Nov 2020 12 Nov 2024 (no political parties)
 Papua New Guinea 5 4–22 Jul 2022 2027 Pangu Pati
 Samoa 5 9 Apr 2021 2026 5 23 Aug 2022 2027 FAST
 Solomon Islands 4 3 Apr 2019 17 Apr 2024 Broad coalition
 Tonga 4 18 Nov 2021 2025 (no political parties)
 Tuvalu 4 26 Jan 2024 2028 (no political parties)
 Vanuatu 4 13 Oct 2022 2026 5 21 Jul 2022 July 2027 Broad coalition

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 21.
  2. ^ UDHR, article 20.
  3. ^ UDHR article 19
  4. ^ OSCE, Election Observation Handbook (6th edn 2010) 18–22, 31, 37 and Annex A
  5. ^ "Seychelles Ruling Party Changes Name Ahead of 2020 Elections". Bloomberg. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  6. ^ "Parti Lepep, seeking platform of unity, changes name to United Seychelles". Seychelles News Agency. 25 November 2018.
  7. ^ Fernandez, Daniza (12 May 2022). "Duterte to Comelec: Probe alleged electoral fraud, disabuse people's minds". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  8. ^ "Armed Conflict During Election Works in Urfa". Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  9. ^ Jones, Dorian. "Erdogan Stokes Vote-Rigging Fears". VOA. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  10. ^ "Former President Gül confirms Turkey's top soldier visited him". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 17 June 2018.

External links