Battle of Backbone Mountain

This article lists the viceroys who ruled the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1535 to 1821 in the name of the monarch of Spain.

In addition to viceroys, this article lists the highest Spanish governors of the viceroyalty, before the appointment of the first viceroy or when the office of viceroy was vacant. Most of these individuals exercised most or all of the functions of viceroy, usually on an interim basis.

Governor of the West Indies

This office covered the territories that were discovered by Christopher Columbus.[dubious ]

1492–1499: Christopher Columbus, as governor and viceroy of the West Indies
1499–1502: Francisco de Bobadilla, as governor of the West Indies
1502–1509: Nicolás de Ovando, as governor of the West Indies
1509–1518: Diego Columbus, as governor of the West Indies until 1511, thereafter as viceroy

Governor of New Spain

This office covered the territories that were claimed by Hernán Cortés. The office covered the territories that were under the control of the Governor of the Indies after 1524.

13 August 1521 – 24 December 1521: Hernán Cortés
24 December 1521 – 30 December 1521: Cristóbal de Tapia
30 December 1521 – 12 October 1524: Hernán Cortés, as governor and captain general from 15 October 1522
12 October 1524 – 29 December 1524: Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz, Alonso de Zuazo
29 December 1524 – 17 February 1525: Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Zuazo
17 February 1525 – 20 April 1525: Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz, Alonso de Zuazo
20 April 1525 – 23 May 1525: Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Zuazo
24 May 1525 – 28 January 1526: Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino
29 January 1526 – 24 June 1526: Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz
25 June 1526 – 3 July 1526: Hernán Cortés
4 July 1526 – 16 July 1526: Luis Ponce de León
16 July 1526 – 1 March 1527: Marcos de Aguilar
2 March 1527 – 22 August 1527: Alonso de Estrada, Gonzalo de Sandoval, Luis de la Torre
22 August 1527 – 8 December 1528: Alonso de Estrada, Luis de la Torre
9 December 1528 – 21 December 1529: Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, Diego Delgadillo (the first Audiencia)
21 December 1529 – 9 January 1531: Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, Diego Delgadillo (the first Audiencia)
10 January 1531 – 16 April 1535: Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal, Vasco de Quiroga, Juan de Salmerón, Alonso de Maldonado, Francisco Ceinos (the second Audiencia)

Viceroys of New Spain (1535–1821)

The first Viceroy of New Spain was appointed in 1535 to consolidate the offices of the Governor of the Indies and the Governor of New Spain into a single office.

No. Portrait Governor From Until Monarch
1 Antonio de Mendoza 14 November 1535 25 November 1550
Charles I
2 Luís de Velasco 25 November 1550 31 July 1564
3 Gastón Carrillo de Peralta y Bosquete,
3rd Marquess of Falces
19 October 1566 11 November 1567
Philip II
4 Martín Enríquez de Almanza 5 November 1568 4 October 1580
5 Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza,
4th Count of La Coruña
4 October 1580 19 June 1583
6 Pedro de Moya y Contrerás
(Archbishop of Mexico)
25 September 1584 17 October 1585
7 Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga
1st Marquess of Villamanrique
17 October 1585 27 January 1590
8 Luís de Velasco
Marquess of Salinas
27 January 1590 5 November 1595
9 Gaspar de Zúñiga Acevedo y Fonseca,
5th Count of Monterrey
5 November 1595 27 October 1603
10 Juan de Mendoza y Luna,
Marquess of Montesclaros
27 October 1603 2 July 1607
Philip III
11 Luís de Velasco,
Marquess of Salinas
2 July 1607 19 June 1611
12 García Guerra, O.P.
(Archbishop of Mexico)
19 June 1611 22 February 1612
Int. Pedro Otárola,
Dean of the Audiencia
22 February 1612 18 October 1612
13 Diego Fernández de Córdoba,
Marquess of Guadalcázar and Count of Posadas
18 October 1612 14 March 1621
Int. Paz de Valecillo,
Dean of the Audiencia
14 March 1621 11 September 1621
14 Diego Carrillo de Mendoza y Pimentel,
1st Marquess of Gélves
21 September 1621 1 November 1624
Philip IV
Vacant
Due to the discrepancy on the arrival of successor Viceroy
from 1 November to 3 November 1624.
15 Rodrigo Pacheco y Osorio de Toledo,
3rd Marquess of Cerralvo
3 November 1624 16 September 1635
16 Lope Díez de Aux de Armendáriz,
Marquess of Cadreita
16 September 1635 28 August 1640
17 Diego Roque López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla,
7th Duke of Escalona, 7th Marquess of Villena and 7th Count of Xiquena
28 August 1640 10 June 1642
18 Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
(Bishop of Puebla)
10 June 1642 23 November 1642
19 García Sarmiento de Sotomayor,
2nd Count of Salvatierra and Marquess of Sobroso
23 November 1642 14 May 1648
20 Marcos de Torres y Rueda
(Bishop of Yucatan)
15 May 1648 22 April 1649
Int. Matías de Peralta,
Dean of the Audiencia
22 April 1649 28 June 1650
21 Luis Enríquez de Guzmán,
9th Count of Alba de Liste and Marquess of Villaflor
28 June 1650 15 August 1653
22 Francisco Fernández de la Cueva,
8th Duke of Alburquerque, Marquess of Cuéllar, Count of Ledesma and of Huelma
15 August 1653 16 September 1660
23 Juan de Leyva de la Cerda,
Marquess of Adrada
16 September 1660 29 June 1664
24 Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
(Bishop of Puebla)
29 June 1664 15 October 1664
25 Antonio Sebastián de Toledo Molina y Salazar,
2nd Marquess of Mancera
16 October 1664 20 November 1673
26 Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal y Castro,
6th Duke of Veragua, 6th Marquess of Jamaica and 6th Count of Gelves
20 November 1673 13 December 1673
Charles II
27 Payo Enríquez de Rivera Manrique, O.S.A.
(Bishop of Guatemala and Archbishop of Mexico)
13 December 1673 7 November 1680
28 Tomás Antonio Manuel Lorenzo de la Cerda y Aragón
3rd Marquess of La Laguna de Camero Viejo
7 November 1680 16 June 1686
29 Melchor Portocarrero y Lasso de la Vega,
3rd Count of Monclova
16 June 1686 20 November 1688
30 Gaspar Melchor Baltasar de la Cerda Silva Sandoval y Mendoza,
8th Count of Galve, Lord of Salcedón and Tortola
20 November 1688 27 February 1696
31 Juan de Ortega Cano Montañez y Patiño
(Bishop of Durango, Guatemala, Michoacán and Archbishop of Mexico)
27 February 1696 18 December 1696
32 José Sarmiento Valladares Arines de Romay,
1st Duke of Atrisco, Count of Moctezuma and of Tula
18 December 1696 4 November 1701
33 Juan de Ortega Cano Montañez y Patiño
(Archbishop of Mexico)
4 November 1701 27 November 1702
Philip V
34 Francisco V Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez y Fernández de la Cueva,
10th Duke of Alburquerque and Marquess of Cuéllar
27 November 1702 13 November 1710
35 Fernando de Alencastre Noroña y Silva,
1st Duke of Linares and Marquess of Valdefuentes
13 November 1710 16 July 1716
36 Baltasar de Zúñiga Guzmán Sotomayor y Mendoza,
1st Duke of Arión and Marquess of Valero
16 July 1716 15 October 1722
37 Juan de Acuña y Bejarano,
2nd Marquess of Casa Fuerte
15 October 1722 17 March 1734
Louis I
From 1700 to 1724, Philip V was the king; then from 1724 to 1746. Louis I only reigned in 1724.
38 Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta
(Archbishop of Mexico)
17 March 1734 17 August 1740
Philip V
39 Pedro de Castro Figueroa y Salazar,
1st Duke of La Conquista and 1st Marquess of Gracia Real
17 August 1740 22 August 1741
Int. Pedro Malo de Villavicencio,
President of the Audiencia
23 August 1741 2 November 1742
40 Pedro Cebrián y Agustín,
5th Count of Fuenclara
3 November 1742 9 July 1746
41 Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas,
1st Count of Revillagigedo
9 July 1746 9 November 1755
Ferdinand VI
42 Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón,
Marquess of Amarillas
10 November 1755 5 February 1760
Int. Francisco Antonio de Echávarri,
Dean of the Audiencia
5 February 1760 28 April 1760
43 Francisco Cajigal de la Vega 28 April 1760 5 October 1760
Charles III
44 Joaquín de Montserrat,
Marquess of Cruillas
5 October 1760 24 August 1766
45 Carlos Francisco de Croix,
Marquess of Croix
24 August 1766 22 September 1771
46 Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa 22 September 1771 9 April 1779
Int. Francisco Romá y Rosell,
Regent of the Audiencia
10 April 1779 22 August 1779
47 Martín de Mayorga Ferrer,
Captain General of Guatemala
23 August 1779 28 April 1783
48 Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo,
Captain General of Guatemala
28 April 1783 20 October 1784
Int. Vicente de Herrera y Rivero,
Regent of the Audiencia
20 October 1784 17 June 1785
49 Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid,
1st Viscount of Galveston and 1st Count of Gálvez
17 June 1785 30 November 1786
Int. Eusebio Sánchez Pareja y Beleño
Regent of the Audiencia
30 November 1786 8 May 1787
50 Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta
(Archbishop of Mexico)
8 May 1787 16 August 1787
51 Manuel Antonio Flórez Maldonado 16 August 1787 16 October 1789
52 Juan Vicente de Güemes Pacheco de Padilla y Horcasitas,
2nd Count of Revillagigedo
17 October 1789 11 July 1794
Charles IV
53 Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca de Carini y Branciforte,
1st Marquess of Branciforte
12 July 1794 31 May 1798
54 Miguel José de Azanza Alegría,
1st Duke of Santa Fe
31 May 1798 30 April 1800
55 Félix Berenguer de Marquina 30 April 1800 4 January 1803
56 José de Iturrigaray 4 January 1803 16 September 1808
57 Pedro de Garibay 16 September 1808 19 July 1809
Joseph I
58 Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
(Archbishop of Mexico)
19 July 1809 8 May 1810
Ferdinand VII
59 Pedro Catani 8 May 1810 14 September 1810
60 Francisco Javier Venegas,
1st Marquess of Reunión and of New Spain
14 September 1810 4 March 1813
61 Félix María Calleja del Rey,
1st Count of Calderón
4 March 1813 20 September 1816
62 Juan Ruiz de Apodaca,
1st Count of Venadito
20 September 1816 5 July 1821
63 Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo 15 July 1821 21 July 1821
64 Juan O'Donojú 21 July 1821 28 September 1821

See also

External links