Introduction
Welcome to the Portal:California. Such a lovely place.
California ( KAL -ih-FORN -yə, -FOR -nee-ə ) is a state in the Western United States , lying on the American Pacific Coast . It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With over 38.9 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2 ), it is the most populous U.S. state, the third-largest U.S. state by area, and the most populated subnational entity in North America .
The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas in California are the nation's second and fifth-most populous urban regions respectively. Greater Los Angeles has over 18.7 million residents and the San Francisco Bay Area has over 9.6 million residents. Los Angeles is the state's most populous city and the nation's second-most populous city . San Francisco is the second-most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous county , and San Bernardino County is the nation's largest county by area . Sacramento is the state's capital city .
Prior to European colonization , California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America , and the indigenous peoples of California constituted the highest Native American population density north of what is now Mexico . European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization of California by the Spanish Empire . In 1804, it was included in Alta California province within the Viceroyalty of New Spain . The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its successful war for independence , but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War . The California Gold Rush started in 1848 and led to dramatic social and demographic changes, including the depopulation of indigenous peoples in the California genocide . The western portion of Alta California was then organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850 , as a free state , following the Compromise of 1850 . (Full article... )
The Carolwood Pacific Railroad (CPRR ) was a 7+ 1 ⁄4 -inch (184 mm ) gauge ridable miniature railroad run by Walt Disney in the backyard of his home in the Holmby Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California . It featured the Lilly Belle , a 1:8-scale live steam locomotive named after Disney's wife, Lillian Disney , and built by the Walt Disney Studios' machine shop . The locomotive made its first test run on December 24, 1949. It pulled a set of freight cars, as well as a caboose that was almost entirely built by Disney himself. It was Disney's lifelong fascination with trains, as well as his interest in miniature models , that led to the creation of the CPRR. The railroad, which became operational in 1950, was 2,615 feet (797 m) long and encircled his house. The backyard railroad attracted visitors to Disney's home; he invited them to ride and occasionally drive his miniature train. In 1953, after an accident occurred in which a guest was injured, the CPRR was closed to the public.
The Carolwood Pacific Railroad inspired Disney to include railroad attractions in the design for the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California . Railroad attractions in Disney theme parks around the world are now commonplace. The barn structure that was used as the railroad's control center is now at the Los Angeles Live Steamers Railroad Museum in Los Angeles' Griffith Park . The Lilly Belle , some of the freight cars, and the caboose are now on display at the Walt Disney Family Museum in San Francisco , California. (Full article... )
The following are images from various California-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 A Southern Pacific Train at
Arcade Depot , Los Angeles, 1891 (from
History of California )
Image 2 The American capture of
San Diego by the
USS Cyane in 1846 (from
History of California )
Image 3 Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , founded in 1771 by padres Pedro Benito Cambón and Ángel de la Somera. (from
History of California )
Image 5 Founded by
Vicente Francisco de Sarría in 1817,
Mission San Rafael Arcángel , was the last mission founded during the Spanish period. (from
History of California )
Image 6 Francis Drake 's 1579 landing in "
New Albion " (modern-day
Point Reyes ); engraving by
Theodor De Bry , 1590. (from
History of California )
Image 7 Joaquín Murrieta , called the "
Robin Hood of California", was a notorious
outlaw during the
California Gold Rush . He served as inspiration for
Zorro , the famed Californian bandit-hero character. (from
History of California )
Image 8 California was often depicted as an island , due to the
Baja California peninsula , from the 16th to the 18th centuries, such as in this 1650 map by cartographer
Johannes Vingboons . (from
History of California )
Image 10 California's first State Capitol building in
San Jose , which served as the capital of California 1850–51. (from
History of California )
Image 12 Forces raising the U.S. flag over the
Monterey Customhouse following their victory at the
Battle of Monterey (from
History of California )
Image 15 Junípero Serra conducting the first
mass in
Monterey Bay in 1770. (from
History of California )
Image 17 In-N-Out burgers (from
Culture of California )
Image 23 Map of the route taken by the
Anza Expedition of 1775–76, from the
Presidio of Tubac to
San Francisco Bay . (from
History of California )
Image 28 The Spanish founded
Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1776, the third to be established of the
Californian missions . (from
History of California )
Image 30 Mission Santa Barbara , founded in 1786, was the first mission to be established by
Fermín de Lasuén . (from
History of California )
Image 31 Portrait of a
Californio in traditional
vaquero clothing. Californios benefitted immensely by the establishment of the
ranchos of California , following the
Mexican secularization act of 1833 . (from
History of California )
Image 32 Mission San Francisco Solano , founded in 1823 by order of Governor
Luis Antonio Argüello , was the last Californian mission established. (from
History of California )
Image 34 The
University of California, Berkeley is the flagship school of the University of California system. (from
Culture of California )
Image 35 General
Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo reviewing his troops in
Sonoma in 1846. (from
History of California )
Image 36 Portrait of an "
assimilated "
Maidu man in
Sacramento , 1867. (from
History of California )
Image 37 The railway station in
Sacramento in 1874. (from
History of California )
Image 40 San Francisco harbor,
c. 1850 –51. (from
History of California )
Image 41 The 1835
Manifiesto a la República Mejicana , by
José Figueroa , was the first book published in California (from
Culture of California )
Image 42 Angustias de la Guerra played a crucial role in defending
women's property rights during the drafting of the Constitution of California. (from
History of California )
Image 43 Between 1846 and 1873, U.S. government agents waged an extermination campaign against
Indigenous Californians , known as the
California genocide , resulting in as many as 100,000 deaths. (from
History of California )
Image 45 Advertisement for sailing to California, c. 1850. (from
History of California )
Image 47 The
Treaty of Cahuenga , signed at the
Campo de Cahuenga in 1847 by Californio general
Andrés Pico and American general
John C. Frémont , proclaimed a ceasefire under an American victory. The
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , signed a year later in 1848, officially ended the
Mexican–American War and formally ceded
Alta California to the United States. (from
History of California )
Image 48 Map of Spain's
Manila galleon trade routes, showing routes between the
Spanish East Indies and
Acapulco passing along the
coast of California . (from
History of California )
Image 50 Map of the
Butterfield Overland Mail routes through California, c. 1858. (from
History of California )
Image 51 "Independent Gold Hunter on His Way to California", c. 1850 (from
History of California )
Image 52 Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo , established in 1770, was the headquarters of the
Californian mission system from 1797 until 1833. (from
History of California )
Image 54 Depiction of the
Donner Party heading west on the
California Trail . (from
History of California )
Image 57 The 1562 map of the Americas, created by Spanish cartographer
Diego Gutiérrez , which applied
the name California for the first time. (from
History of California )
Image 58 Depiction of the revolt of the
Mission Indians against padre
Luis Jayme at
Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1775. (from
History of California )
There's no question that California, in the last three or four years, has been privileged to add disproportionately to the economic growth of America, and to contribute to its technological productivity.
Image 1 Paula Julie Abdul (born June 19, 1962) is an American singer, dancer, choreographer, actress, and television personality. She began her career as a
cheerleader for the
Los Angeles Lakers at the age of 18 and later became the head choreographer for the
Laker Girls , where she was discovered by
the Jacksons . After choreographing music videos for
Janet Jackson , Abdul became a choreographer at the height of the music video era and soon thereafter she was signed to
Virgin Records . Her debut studio album
Forever Your Girl (1988) became one of the most successful debut albums at that time, selling seven million copies in the United States and setting a record for the most number-one singles from a debut album on the
Billboard Hot 100 chart: "
Straight Up ", "
Forever Your Girl ", "
Cold Hearted ", and "
Opposites Attract ". Her second album
Spellbound (1991) scored her two more chart-toppers – "
Rush Rush " and "
The Promise of a New Day ". With six number-one singles on Hot 100, Abdul tied
Diana Ross for the third-most chart-toppers among female solo artists at the time.
Abdul was one of the original judges on the television series
American Idol from 2002 to 2009, and has since appeared as a judge on
The X Factor ,
Live to Dance ,
So You Think You Can Dance , and
The Masked Dancer . She received choreography credits in numerous films, including
Can't Buy Me Love (1987),
The Running Man (1987),
Coming to America (1988),
Action Jackson (1988),
The Doors (1991),
Jerry Maguire (1996), and
American Beauty (1999). She received 17
MTV Video Music Award nominations, winning five, as well as receiving the
Grammy Award for Best Music Video for "Opposites Attract" in 1991. She received the
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography twice for her work on
The Tracey Ullman Show , and her own performance at the
American Music Awards in 1990. Abdul was honored with her own star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame , and is the first entertainer to be honored with the
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards ' Hall of Fame Award. (
Full article... )
Image 2 Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor and film director. After achieving success in the
Western TV series
Rawhide , Eastwood rose to international fame with his role as the "
Man with No Name " in
Sergio Leone 's
Dollars Trilogy of
spaghetti Westerns during the mid-1960s and as
antihero cop
Harry Callahan in the five
Dirty Harry films throughout the 1970s and 1980s. These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring
cultural icon of
masculinity . Elected in 1986, Eastwood served for two years as the mayor of
Carmel-by-the-Sea, California .
Eastwood's greatest commercial successes are the adventure comedy
Every Which Way but Loose (1978) and its action comedy sequel
Any Which Way You Can (1980). Other popular Eastwood films include the Westerns
Hang 'Em High (1968),
The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976) and
Pale Rider (1985), the action-war film
Where Eagles Dare (1968), the prison film
Escape from Alcatraz (1979), the war film
Heartbreak Ridge (1986), the action film
In the Line of Fire (1993), and the romantic drama
The Bridges of Madison County (1995). More recent works include
Gran Torino (2008),
The Mule (2018), and
Cry Macho (2021). Since 1967, Eastwood's company
Malpaso Productions has produced all but four of his American films. (
Full article... )
Image 3 Publicity photo of Anna May Wong from Stars of the Photoplay , 1930
Wong Liu Tsong (January 3, 1905 – February 3, 1961), known professionally as
Anna May Wong , was an American actress, considered the first
Chinese American film star in
Hollywood , as well as the first Chinese American actress to gain international recognition. Her varied career spanned
silent film , sound film, television, stage, and radio.
Born in Los Angeles to first-generation
Taishanese Chinese American parents, Wong became engrossed with films and decided at the age of 11 that she would become an actress. Her first role was as an extra in the movie
The Red Lantern (1919). During the silent film era, she acted in
The Toll of the Sea (1922), one of the first films made in color, and in
Douglas Fairbanks '
The Thief of Bagdad (1924). Wong became a fashion icon and had achieved international stardom in 1924. Wong had been one of the first to embrace the
flapper look. In 1934, the Mayfair Mannequin Society of New York voted her the "world's best dressed woman." In the 1920s and 1930s, Wong was acclaimed as one of the top fashion icons. (
Full article... )
Image 4 Candice Patricia Bergen (born May 9, 1946) is an American actress. She won five
Primetime Emmy Awards and two
Golden Globe Awards for her portrayal of the title character on the
CBS sitcom
Murphy Brown (1988–1998, 2018). She is also known for her role as
Shirley Schmidt on the
ABC drama
Boston Legal (2005–2008). In films, Bergen was nominated for the
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for
Starting Over (1979) and for the
BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for
Gandhi (1982).
Bergen began her career as a fashion model and appeared on the cover of
Vogue before she made her screen debut in the film
The Group (1966). She starred in
The Sand Pebbles (1966),
Soldier Blue (1970),
Carnal Knowledge (1971), and
The Wind and the Lion (1975). She made her
Broadway debut in the 1984 play
Hurlyburly and starred in the revivals of
The Best Man (2012) and
Love Letters (2014). From 2002 to 2004, she appeared in three episodes of the
HBO series
Sex and the City . Her other film roles include
Miss Congeniality (2000),
Sweet Home Alabama (2002),
The Women (2008),
Bride Wars (2009),
Book Club (2018) and
Let Them All Talk (2020). (
Full article... )
Image 5 Hartman in character as Chick Hazard, Private Eye, circa 1978.
Philip Edward Hartman (
né Hartmann ; September 24, 1948 – May 28, 1998) was a Canadian-born American comedian, actor, screenwriter, and graphic designer. Hartman was born in
Brantford, Ontario , Canada, and his family moved to the United States when he was ten years old. After graduating from
California State University, Northridge with a degree in graphic arts, he designed album covers for bands including
Poco and
America . In 1975, Hartman joined the comedy group
the Groundlings , where he helped
Paul Reubens develop his character
Pee-wee Herman . Hartman co-wrote the film
Pee-wee's Big Adventure and made recurring appearances as Captain Carl on Reubens' show
Pee-wee's Playhouse .
In 1986, Hartman joined the
NBC sketch comedy show
Saturday Night Live (
SNL ) as a
cast member , and stayed for eight seasons until 1994. Nicknamed "Glue" for his ability to hold the show together and help other cast members, he won a
Primetime Emmy Award for his
SNL work in 1989. He also starred as Bill McNeal in the sitcom
NewsRadio , voiced
Lionel Hutz and
Troy McClure on
The Simpsons , and appeared in supporting roles in the films
Houseguest ,
Sgt. Bilko ,
Jingle All the Way , and
Small Soldiers . (
Full article... )
Image 6 Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal (
JIL -ən-hawl,
Swedish: [ˈjʏ̂lːɛnˌhɑːl] ; born December 19, 1980) is an American actor. Born into the
Gyllenhaal family , he is the son of director
Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter
Naomi Foner , and the younger brother of actress
Maggie Gyllenhaal . He began acting as a child, making his acting debut in
City Slickers (1991), followed by roles in his father's films
A Dangerous Woman (1993) and
Homegrown (1998). His breakthrough roles were as
Homer Hickam in
October Sky (1999) and as a psychologically troubled teenager in
Donnie Darko (2001).
Gyllenhaal starred in the 2004 science fiction disaster film
The Day After Tomorrow . He played
Jack Twist in
Ang Lee 's 2005 romantic drama
Brokeback Mountain , for which Gyllenhaal won a
BAFTA Award and was nominated for an
Academy Award . His career progressed with starring roles in the thriller
Zodiac (2007), the romantic comedy
Love & Other Drugs (2010), and the science fiction film
Source Code (2011). Further acclaim came with his roles in
Denis Villeneuve 's thrillers
Prisoners (2013) and
Enemy (2013), and he received nominations for the
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his performances as a manipulative journalist in
Nightcrawler (2014) and a troubled writer in
Nocturnal Animals (2016). His highest-grossing release came with the
Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film
Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), in which he portrayed
Quentin Beck / Mysterio . He has since starred in
Wildlife (2018),
Velvet Buzzsaw (2019),
The Guilty (2021), and
Ambulance (2022). (
Full article... )
Image 7 William Denby Hanna (July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was an American animator, voice actor, and occasional musician who is best known for co-creating
Tom and Jerry and providing the vocal effects for the series' title characters. Alongside
Joseph Barbera , he also founded the animation studio and production company
Hanna-Barbera .
Hanna joined the
Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 and steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as
Captain and the Kids . In 1937, while working at
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Hanna met
Joseph Barbera . In 1957, they co-founded
Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business, creating or producing programs such as
The Flintstones ,
The Huckleberry Hound Show ,
The Jetsons ,
Scooby-Doo ,
The Smurfs , and
Yogi Bear . In 1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to
Taft Broadcasting for $12 million, but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991. At that time, the studio was sold to
Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with
Time Warner in 1996; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors. (
Full article... )
Image 8 Stefani performing with
No Doubt in 2015
Gwen Renée Stefani (
stə-FAH -nee ; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer and songwriter. She is a co-founder, lead vocalist, and the primary songwriter of the band
No Doubt , whose singles include "
Just a Girl ", "
Spiderwebs ", and "
Don't Speak ", from their 1995 breakthrough studio album
Tragic Kingdom , as well as "
Hey Baby " and "
It's My Life " from later albums.
During the band's hiatus, Stefani embarked on a solo
pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album
Love. Angel. Music. Baby. Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was a critical and commercial success. It spawned six singles, including "
What You Waiting For? ", "
Rich Girl ", "
Hollaback Girl ", and "
Cool ". "Hollaback Girl" reached number one on the
Billboard Hot 100 chart while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006, Stefani released her second studio album,
The Sweet Escape . Among the singles were "
Wind It Up " and "
The Sweet Escape ", the latter of which was number three on the
Billboard Hot 100 year-end chart of 2007. Her third solo album,
This Is What the Truth Feels Like (2016), was her first solo album to reach number one on the
Billboard 200 chart. Her fourth solo album and first full-length
Christmas album,
You Make It Feel Like Christmas , was released in 2017 and charted 19 tracks on
Billboard ' s
Holiday Digital Song Sales component chart in the United States. Stefani has released several singles with husband
Blake Shelton , including "
Nobody but You " (2020), which reached number 18 in the US. (
Full article... )
Image 10 John Whiteside Parsons (born
Marvel Whiteside Parsons ; October 2, 1914 – June 17, 1952) was an American
rocket engineer ,
chemist , and
Thelemite occultist . Associated with the
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Parsons was one of the principal founders of both the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the
Aerojet Engineering Corporation . He invented the first
rocket engine to use a
castable ,
composite rocket propellant , and pioneered the advancement of both
liquid-fuel and
solid-fuel rockets.
Born in Los Angeles, Parsons was raised by a wealthy family on
Orange Grove Boulevard in Pasadena, California. Inspired by
science fiction literature , he developed an interest in rocketry in his childhood and in 1928 began
amateur rocket experiments with school friend
Edward Forman . He dropped out of
Pasadena Junior College and
Stanford University due to financial difficulties during the
Great Depression , and in 1934 he united with Forman and graduate
Frank Malina to form the Caltech-affiliated
Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory (GALCIT) Rocket Research Group, supported by GALCIT chairman
Theodore von Kármán . In 1939 the GALCIT Group gained funding from the
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to work on
Jet-Assisted Take Off (JATO) for the U.S. military. After the U.S. entered World War II, they founded Aerojet in 1942 to develop and sell JATO technology; the GALCIT Group became JPL in 1943. (
Full article... )
Image 11 Nancy Patricia Pelosi (
pə-LOH -see ;
née D'Alesandro ; born March 26, 1940) is an American politician who served as the
52nd speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011 and again from 2019 to 2023. A member of the
Democratic Party , she was the first woman elected as U.S. House Speaker and the first woman to lead a major political party in either chamber of
Congress , leading the
House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member of the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents
California's 11th congressional district , which includes most of
San Francisco . She is the dean of
California's congressional delegation .
Pelosi was born and raised in
Baltimore , and is the daughter of mayor and congressman
Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She graduated from
Trinity College, Washington in 1962 and married businessman
Paul Pelosi the next year; the two had met while both were students. They moved to New York City before settling down in San Francisco with their children. Focused on raising her family, Pelosi stepped into politics as a volunteer for the Democratic Party in the 1960s. After years of party work, she was first elected to Congress in a
1987 special election and is now in her 19th term; she is the dean of
California's congressional delegation . Pelosi steadily rose through the ranks of the House Democratic Caucus to be elected
House minority whip in 2001 and elevated to
House minority leader a year later, becoming the first woman to hold each of those positions in either chamber of Congress. (
Full article... )
Image 12 Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th
president of the United States , serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the
Republican Party , he previously served as a
representative and
senator from
California and as the 36th
vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President
Dwight D. Eisenhower .
His presidency saw the reduction of U.S. involvement in the
Vietnam War ,
détente with the
Soviet Union and
China , the
Apollo 11 Moon landing, and the establishment of the
Environmental Protection Agency and
Occupational Safety and Health Administration . Nixon's second term ended early when he became the only U.S. president to
resign from office, as a result of the
Watergate scandal .
Nixon was born into a poor family of
Quakers in a small town in
Southern California . He graduated from
Duke Law School in 1937, practiced law in California, and then moved with his wife
Pat to
Washington, D.C. , in 1942 to work for the
federal government . After serving active duty in the
Naval Reserve during
World War II , he was elected to the
House of Representatives in
1946 . His work on the
Alger Hiss case established his reputation as a leading
anti-communist , which elevated him to national prominence. In
1950 , he was elected to the
Senate . Nixon was the running mate of Eisenhower, the Republican Party's presidential nominee in the
1952 election , and served for eight years as vice president. He narrowly lost the
1960 presidential election to the
Democratic Party nominee
John F. Kennedy ; after his loss in the
1962 race for governor of California, he announced his retirement from political life. However, in
1968 , he made another run for the presidency and defeated the Democratic incumbent vice president
Hubert Humphrey . (
Full article... )
Image 13 Randy Shilts (August 8, 1951 – February 17, 1994) was an American journalist and author. After studying journalism at the
University of Oregon , Shilts began working as a
reporter for both
The Advocate and the
San Francisco Chronicle , as well as for
San Francisco Bay Area television stations. In the 1980s, he was noted for being the first openly gay reporter for the
San Francisco Chronicle .
His first book,
The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk , was a biography of LGBT activist
Harvey Milk . His second book,
And the Band Played On , chronicled the history of the
AIDS epidemic . Despite some controversy surrounding the book in the LGBT community, Shilts was praised for his meticulous documentation of an epidemic that was little-understood at the time. It was later made into an
HBO film of the same name in 1993. His final book,
Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the US Military from Vietnam to the Persian Gulf , examined discrimination against
lesbians and gays in the military . (
Full article... )
Image 14 Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American lawyer, politician, and jurist who served as the 30th
governor of California from 1943 to 1953 and as the 14th
Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969. The
Warren Court presided over a major shift in American
constitutional jurisprudence , which has been recognized by many as a "
Constitutional Revolution " in the
liberal direction, with Warren writing the majority opinions in landmark cases such as
Brown v. Board of Education (1954),
Reynolds v. Sims (1964),
Miranda v. Arizona (1966), and
Loving v. Virginia (1967). Warren also led the
Warren Commission , a
presidential commission that investigated the 1963
assassination of President John F. Kennedy . He previously served as
Governor of California from 1943 to 1953. Warren is generally considered to be one of the most influential Supreme Court justices and political leaders in the
history of the United States .
Warren was born in 1891 in
Los Angeles and was raised in
Bakersfield, California . After graduating from the
University of California, Berkeley, School of Law , he began a legal career in
Oakland . He was hired as a deputy district attorney for
Alameda County in 1920 and was appointed district attorney in 1925. He emerged as a leader of the state
Republican Party and won election as the
Attorney General of California in 1938. In that position he supported, and was a firm proponent of the
forced removal and internment of over 100,000
Japanese Americans during
World War II . In the
1942 California gubernatorial election , Warren defeated incumbent
Democratic governor
Culbert Olson . As the 30th Governor of California, Warren presided over a period of major growth—for the state as well as the nation. Serving from 1943 to 1953, Warren is the only governor of California to be elected for three consecutive terms. (
Full article... )
Image 15 Murray M Chotiner (October 4, 1909 – January 30, 1974) was an American
political strategist ,
attorney ,
government official , and close associate and friend of President
Richard Nixon during much of the 37th President's political career. He served as
campaign manager for the future president's successful runs for the
United States Senate in 1950 and for the
vice presidency in 1952, and managed the campaigns of other
California Republicans . He was active in each of Nixon's two successful runs for the
White House in low-profile positions.
Chotiner was born in
Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania; his father moved the family to California and then abandoned his wife and children. Murray Chotiner attended
UCLA , and graduated from the
Southwestern School of Law . He practiced law in Los Angeles, and branched out into public relations. Involving himself in Republican politics, he played an active part in several political campaigns and made an unsuccessful run for the
California State Assembly in 1938. (
Full article... )
... that Eric Schmidt developed Berknet , an early wide area network system, in 1978 while he was a student at Berkeley University ?
... that a California sea lion , later named Freeway, was thought to have traveled up Chollas Creek before getting onto California State Highway 94 ?
... that the San Gregorio Fault comes ashore in only two places in northern California, one of which is between Pillar Point Bluff and Moss Beach?
... that on this day in 1966, California radio stations KAHR and KVIP switched frequencies, leading to "mass confusion"?
... that one of the founders of a public TV station in California gave 92 speeches in 90 days during a fundraising drive?
... that prior to his career in the CIA, Dick Linthicum played basketball at UCLA and became the university's first All-American in any sport?
... that government-funded non-profits are not subject to a special motion to strike , and so are exempt from California 's anti-SLAPP law?
... that American football linebacker Segun Olubi grew up in New Jersey, Minnesota, Arizona, England, and California, and attended four different colleges in Idaho, California, and Arkansas?
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State facts
Nicknames: The Golden State
Capital: Sacramento
Total area: 163,696 mi2
Land: 156,002 mi2
Water: 7,694 mi2
Highest elevation: 14,505 ft (Mount Whitney )
Population 39,250,017 (2016 est)
Admission to the Union: September 9, 1850 (31st )
State symbols:
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