Major General James G. Blunt

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Portuguese Army soldiers in the beginning of the War in Angola. The camouflage uniforms and the FN FAL assault rifles identify them as Caçadores Especiais. At this time, the remaining Army forces still wore yellow khaki field uniforms and were mostly armed with bolt-action rifles.
Soldiers of the PAIGC raise the flag of Guinea-Bissau in 1974.

The Portuguese Colonial War (Portuguese: Guerra Colonial), also referred to as the Portuguese Overseas War or Overseas War (Portuguese: Guerra do Ultramar) for short, was a military conflict staged during the Decolonisation of Africa that pitted the guerrilla forces of the African nationalist Liberation movements of the Guinea-Bissau, Angola and Mozambique overseas provinces, which were part of the Portuguese Empire, against the colonial armed and security forces loyal to the authoritarian Estado Novo regime of Portugal, between 1961 and 1975. Main combatants comprised:

An eclectic variety of weapons was used by all sides in the Portuguese Colonial War. The Portuguese Military and Security Forces serving in the African territories were equipped with Western-made weapon systems from both World War I and World War II, mainly Portuguese, Austro-Hungarian, Danish, German, Italian, French, Canadian and British in origin, but also included more modern Portuguese, Spanish, French, British, Belgian, Dutch, West German, American and South African military hardware. During the early phase of the war, the African Liberation Movements likewise were largely equipped with WWII-vintage Western arms and munitions, though as the war went on, Soviet, Eastern Bloc and Chinese weaponry began to play a major role, particularly after 1970.[7]

Portuguese Military and Security Forces equipment

Revolvers

Smith & Wesson Model 49 Bodyguard .38 Special.

Received from the Portuguese Army or privately purchased, used by colonial public servants and officials as personal side-arms for self-defence.[10]

Pistols

Submachine guns

Pistola-metralhadora FBP m/948.
Uzi with a folding stock.

Bolt-action rifles

Battle rifles

ArmaLite AR-10 assault rifle (Portuguese model).
FN FAL assault rifle (50.00 model).

Sniper rifles

Light machine guns

Metralhadora ligeira 7,62 mm m/963 HK21

General-purpose machine guns

Metralhadora 7,92 mm m/944 MG34 Borsig
Metralhadora 7,92 mm m/944 MG42

Medium and Heavy machine guns

Metralhadora pesada 12,7 mm m/955 Browning M2

Grenade systems

Land mine systems

Bombs and explosives

Rocket systems

Anti-tank rockets and Grenade launchers

Recoilless rifles

Mortars

Howitzers

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

Armoured vehicles

Escort, transport and recovery vehicles

Helicopters

A Portuguese Air Force Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopter deploying paratroopers armed with 7.62mm ArmaLite AR-10 rifles during an assault operation in Angola.

Aircraft

A Portuguese Air Force F-84G Thunderjet being loaded with ordnance at Luanda Air Base, 1960s.
Portuguese Fiat G.91 fighter-bomber, deployed by the Portuguese Air Force in the theatres of Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique.
Two former Portuguese North American T-6G Texan trainers now on display on the National Museum of Military History in Luanda, Angola, 2015.
A Lockheed PV-2C Harpoons of the Portuguese Air Force, 1970s.
Portuguese Air Force Dornier Do 27.

Naval and River craft

Portuguese Navy landing craft during the Portuguese Colonial War, 1973.

African Liberation Movements equipment

Pistols

Submachine guns

MP 40 Submachine gun
MAT-49 Submachine gun

Bolt-action rifles

Chinese Type 53 carbine.

Semi-automatic rifles

SKS semi-automatic rifles were used by the guerrillas before the full introduction of AK-47 and AKM assault rifles.

Battle rifles

AK-47 assault rifle, widely used by the African guerrilla movements.
Vz. 58 assault rifle.

Sniper rifles

Hungarian M/52 rifle with PU 3.5× optics
  • M/52 (Hungarian copy of the Soviet Mosin–Nagant Model 1891/30 sniper rifle)

Shotguns

  • Canhangulo (home-made shotgun): employed early in the War in both Angola and Mozambique.

Light machine guns

Chinese Type 53 light machine gun
RP-46 light machine gun
Vz. 52 machine gun

General-purpose machine guns

MG 42s (second and third from left) in a training camp of the FNLA, in Zaire, 1973, along with a Madsen machine gun and several Karabiner 98ks and Pattern 1914 Enfields.

Medium and Heavy machine guns

FNLA soldiers undergoing training with a DShKM 12.7mm Heavy machine gun at a base camp in Zaire, 22 August 1973.

Grenade systems

Land mine systems

Bombs and explosives

Rocket and missile systems

Anti-tank rockets and Grenade launchers

PAIGC guerrillas armed with AKMs and Type 69 RPGs manning a checkpoint in Guinea-Bissau, 1974.

Recoilless rifles

Mortars

Howitzers

Anti-tank guns

Heavy equipment used by the PAIGC, including two ZiS-2 and ZiS-3 anti-tank guns, a DShKM Heavy machine gun and a B-10 recoilless rifle, now on display at Bissau.

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

Armoured vehicles

Transport vehicles

GAZ-66 light truck in military service with the PAIGC liberation movement in Guinea-Bissau, 1973.

Aircraft

Naval and River craft

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 33.
  2. ^ Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), pp. 57–58.
  3. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8; 12.
  4. ^ a b c Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 51.
  5. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8–9.
  6. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8–10.
  7. ^ a b Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 10.
  8. ^ Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 66.
  9. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 13–15.
  10. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), p. 63.
  11. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 61–63.
  12. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 80–82.
  13. ^ Supica, Jim; Nahas, Richard (2007). Standard Catalog of Smith & Wesson. Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. pp. 141–143, 174, 210–211. ISBN 978-0-89689-293-4.
  14. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), p. 82.
  15. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 100–103.
  16. ^ Grant, The Luger (2018), p. 28.
  17. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 176–178.
  18. ^ Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38 (2022), p. 71.
  19. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 134–137.
  20. ^ Abbott, Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 6; 17.
  21. ^ "As Armas da 1ª Guerra Mundial". quelegalbakana.blogspot.com (in Portuguese). 5 September 2007.
  22. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 160–162.
  23. ^ Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 213.
  24. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 166–168.
  25. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 17; 37.
  26. ^ Quesada, MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns (2014), p. 62.
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  31. ^ Gander, Terry J. (2000). "National inventories, Portugal". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001–2002. p. 3371.
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  33. ^ Thompson, The Sten Gun (2012), p. 74.
  34. ^ Moss, The Sterling Submachine Gun (2018), p. 64.
  35. ^ Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 214.
  36. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 185–187.
  37. ^ "MPL & MPK: Walther's Cold War MP Subguns". Tactical Life Gun Magazine: Gun News and Gun Reviews. 6 October 2015.
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  41. ^ Abbott, Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 17.
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  49. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 38.
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  51. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 188–191.
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  53. ^ a b Cashner, The FN FAL Battle Rifle (2013), pp. 46–47.
  54. ^ Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle (1998), p. 79.
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  56. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 192–197.
  57. ^ Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle (2019), pp. 29–31.
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  62. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 144–147.
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  64. ^ Smith, Small Arms of the World (1969), p. 530.
  65. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 156–159.
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  68. ^ Miller, The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns (2001), page unknown.
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See also

References

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  • Bob Cashner, The FN FAL Battle Rifle, Weapon series 27, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2013. ISBN 978 1 78096 903 9
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  • David Willis, "Warplane Classic: Republic F-84 Thunderjet, Thunderstreak and Thunderflash", International Air Power Review, Volume 24, 2008, pp. 132–165. ISSN 1473-9917
  • Dan Hagedorn and Leif Hellström, Foreign Invaders, the Douglas Invader in Foreign Military and US Clandestine Service, Midland Publishing, Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK 1994. ISBN 1-85780-013-3
  • Edward George, The Cuban intervention in Angola, Frank Cass Publishers, New York 2005. ISBN 978-0415647106
  • Gordon L. Rottman, The Rocket-propelled Grenade, Weapon series 2, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2010. ISBN 978 1 84908 153 5
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  • Jim Mesko and Don Greer, A-26 Invader in action, Aircraft Number 134, Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., Carrollton, Texas 1993. ISBN 0-89747-296-9
  • João Pedro Gomes Timóteo, Portuguese Military Procurement During the Colonial War (1961-1974), Mestrado em História Moderna e Contemporânea, ISCTE-IUL, Setembro 2020. – [2]
  • João Vieira Borges, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. II – Armamento de Artilharia antiaérea, Prefácio, Lisbon 2007. ISBN 978-989-8022-30-1 (in Portuguese)
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  • José Ortiz, Angola from the trenches, International Organization of Journalists, Prague 1984. OCLC 22657439
  • Joseph E. Smith, Small Arms of the World (11th edition), The Stackpole Company, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1969. ISBN 9780811715669
  • Scott Fitzsimmons, Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013. ISBN 978-1107-02691-9
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  • Tony Eastwood and John Roach, Piston Engine Airliner Production List, The Aviation Hobby Shop, London 1991. ISBN 0-907178-37-5
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  • Leroy Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle, Weapon series 68, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019. ISBN 9781472828620
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  • Riccardo Niccoli, Portuguese Numerology: Serial systems used by the Aeronautica Militar and the Força Aerea Portuguesa, Air Enthusiast, No. 75, May–June 1998. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Riccardo Niccoli, "Fiat G.91, NATO's Lightweight Fighter", International Air Power Review, Volume 7, Winter 2002. ISSN 1473-9917
  • Mario Canongia Lopes, "Portugal's Fighting Thunderjets", Air Enthusiast, No. 31, July–November 1986, pp. 43–54. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Mario Canongia Lopes, "Portugal's Ginas", Air Enthusiast, No. 36, May–August 1988, pp. 61–72. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Mario Canongia Lopes, High Winged Workhorses: Broussards and Dorniers in Portuguese Service, Air Enthusiast, No. 75, May–June 1998. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Major Sam Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle, Regnum Fund Press 1998. ISBN 9986-494-38-9
  • Manuel A. Ribeiro Rodrigues, The Overseas Campaigns 1961–1974 – Guinea-Angola-Mozambique – Army (I), Edições Destarte Lda., Lisbon 2000. ISBN 972-8496-14-1 (Bi-lingual edition)
  • Manuel António Gabriel da Silva Machado and António Eleutério Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993, Revista BOINA VERDE, 1st edition 1991 (authors' 2nd edition, 1992). (no ISBN) (in Portuguese)
  • Matthew Moss, The Sterling Submachine Gun, Weapon series 65, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018. ISBN 9781472828088
  • Neil Grant, The Luger, Weapon series 64, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018. ISBN 9781472819734
  • Pedro Manuel Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais, Contra a Corrente, Lda., Lisbon 2018. ISBN 9789899901261 (in Portuguese)
  • Peter Abbott, Manuel Ribeiro Rodrigues and Ron Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74, Men-at-Arms series 202, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2005. ISBN 978-0-85045-843-5

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_Portuguese_Colonial_War