Robert Buchanan (1802–1875) was a Scottish Presbyterian minister and historian who served as Moderator of the General Assembly to the Free Church of Scotland in 1860/61. He was one of the leading figures in the Disruption of 1843.
He had correspondence with several notable figures of the day over many years: Lord Aberdeen; Sir Robert Peel; Thomas Chalmers from 1834 to 1845; and George Combe from 1821 to 1827.[2]
Life
He was born in 15 August 1802 at St Ninian's, a small district in the east of Stirling in central Scotland. He was the son of Alexander Buchanan, a brewer and farmer, and his wife, Margaret Wingate. He studied Divinity at Glasgow University. He was ordained in the Church of Scotland in 1826 in Gargunnock and translated in 1829 to Saltoun in East Lothian, replacing Rev Dr Gilbert Burnet.[3] In 1833 he moved to the Tron Kirk in Glasgow. He then lived at 2 Richmond Street.[4]
Working from the base created by his predecessor, Rev Dr Thomas Chalmers he did much "home mission" work in Glasgow and expanded the church into the poorer areas such as "The Wynds" of old Glasgow. .
In 1838 it was Buchanan who chaired the debate on the "Auchterarder question", regarding the ability of a congregation to refuse a minister proposed by the local patron. This debate was the beginning of the schism which eventually led to the Disruption of 1843. In this. Buchanan stood at the side of Chalmers and was part of the heated debate. The church split in two and he was thereafter a minister of the Free Church of Scotland.[5]
In 1857 he transferred to the Free College Church College on Lynedoch Street.[6]
In 1860 he succeeded Very Rev William Cunningham as Moderator of the General Assembly, the highest position in the Free Church. He was succeeded in turn in 1861 by Rev Robert Smith Candlish.
From 1863 to 1873 he presided over the committee looking at the potential union of the Free Church with the United Presbyterian Church, the Reformed Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Church of England, all being doctrinally similar. Although these talks were unsuccessful, large sections did merge in 1900. From 1872 until death he was an active member of the Glasgow School Board.[7]
In later life he lived at 2 Sandyford Place, a handsome Georgian terraced house in north-west Glasgow.[8]
He was invited to speak at the Scottish Church in Rome, Italy in February 1875. He fell ill during this trip and died in Rome during the night of 30/31 March 1875. His body was returned to Glasgow for burial.
Publications
- Speech in General Assembly (Glasgow, 1838)
- God to be obeyed rather than Man, a discourse (Glasgow, 1839)
- The Presbyteries of the Church threatened with Imprisonment in the discharge of their Official Duty (Glasgow, 1839)
- A Discourse after the Funeral of Mrs Alexander of Ballochmyle (Glasgow, 1843)
- A Discourse after the Funeral of Claud Alexander of Ballochmyle (Glasgow, 1845)
- The Ten Years' Conflict, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1849)
- The Schoolmaster in the Wynds, or how to Educate the Masses (Glasgow, 1850)
- Notes of a Clerical Furlough (London, 1859)
- The Book of Ecclesiastes (London, 1859)
- Present State of the Union Question (Edinburgh)
- Lectures I. (To Young Men)
- IV. (On the Evidences)
- V. (On the Jews)
- Sermon XLIX. (Free Church Pulpit).[9]
Artistic recognition
He was photographed when he was Moderator in 1860 (illustrated right) at the foot of the steps to New College with several ex-Moderators of the Free Church.[10]
He was portrayed by James Armytage.[11]
Family
He married:
- (1) 5 March 1828, Anne Handyside, died 29 April 1841, and had issue—
- Alexander, C.E., Derby, born 10 December 1829
- Hugh, born 22 October 1831
- Margaret, born 10 March 1833, died 5 March 1834
- Marjory, born 8 April 1835, died 2 April 1837
- Anne Wingate, born 28 July 1837
- Robert, born 28 August 1838, died 11 July 1841
- (2) 31 October 1843, Elizabeth (died 28 April 1898), daughter of Laurence Stoddart, Cambridge, and had issue —
- Isabella (married John M'Laren)
- Charlotte Elizabeth (married Robert M'Alpine Thornton, minister of Wellpark Free Church)
- Harriet (married Dr J. G. Wilson)
- Laurence, solicitor, Glasgow.[9]
References
- Citations
- ^ Walker 1877.
- ^ The National Archives. "The Discovery Service". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk.
- ^ Brown 2004.
- ^ Glasgow Post Office Directory 1835
- ^ Smith 1853.
- ^ "TheGlasgowStory: Robert Buchanan". www.theglasgowstory.com.
- ^ Modern English Biography: Robert Buchanan
- ^ Glasgow Post Office Directory 1874
- ^ a b Scott 1920.
- ^ "The Moderator and Ex Moderators of the Free Church of Scotland, Assembly 1860". National Galleries of Scotland. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "Robert Buchanan, 1802 - 1875. Free Church leader | National Galleries of Scotland". www.nationalgalleries.org.
- Sources
- Bayne, Peter (1893). The Free Church of Scotland : her origin, founders and testimony. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. pp. 129et passim.
- Brown, Stewart J (2004). "Buchanan, Robert (1802–1875)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3844. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Brown, Thomas (1883). Annals of the disruption. Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace. p. 787et passim.
- Buchanan, Robert (1854a). The ten years' conflict : being the history of the disruption of the Church of Scotland. Vol. 1. Glasgow ; Edinburgh ; London ; New York: Blackie and Son.
- Buchanan, Robert (1854b). The ten years' conflict : being the history of the disruption of the Church of Scotland. Vol. 2. Glasgow ; Edinburgh ; London ; New York: Blackie and Son.
- Buchanan, Robert (1859). The book of Ecclesiastes : its meaning and its lessons. London: Blackie & Son.
- Blaikie, William Garden (1886). "Buchanan, Robert (1802-1875)". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 7. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - Macaulay, Jackie (30 September 2021). "Family and Trustees of Reverend Robert Buchanan DD (1802-1875)". Glasgow Museums Art Donors Group. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- MacLehose, James (1886). Memoirs and Portraits of One Hundred Glasgow Men who Have Died During the Last Thirty Years, and in Their Lives Did Much to Make the City what it Now is ... Glasgow: J. Maclehose and sons. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Scott, Hew (1915). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. p. 394. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Scott, Hew (1920). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 475-476. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Scott, Hew (1923). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 4. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. p. 309. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Smith, John (1853). Our Scottish clergy : fifty-two sketches, biographical, theological, & critical, including clergymen of all denominations. Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd ; London : Simpkin, Marshall ; Glasgow : A. Smith. pp. 17-23. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Walker, Norman L (1877). Robert Buchanan, D.D. : an ecclesiastical biography. London ; New York [etc.]: Thomas Nelson and sons.
- Wylie, James Aitken, ed. (1881). Disruption worthies : a memorial of 1843, with an historical sketch of the free church of Scotland from 1843 down to the present time. Edinburgh: T. C. Jack. pp. 101–110. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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