Brigadier General James Monroe Williams

The Battle of Kozludzha (also known as the Battle of Kozludža or the Battle of Kozluca), fought on 20 June (Old Style - June 9) 1774 near the village of Kozludzha (now Suvorovo, Bulgaria), was one of the final and decisive battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774).[5] The Russians managed to rout the Ottoman army, scoring a major victory.[5] This battle, alongside several others in this campaign, established the reputation of the Russian Lieutenant-General Alexander Suvorov as one of the brilliant commanders of his time.[6][7]

The Ottoman forces are estimated at 40,000.[5][1][2] Russian numbers were much lower,[8] 8,000 men who participated in the battle.[1][2] All in all, Suvorov had about 19,500 men available. This is his corps (14,000), and part of Kamensky's forces (approximately 5,500 out of 11,000).[9] The Ottoman forces were demoralized due to previous defeats and had poor logistics (including a year of withheld back pay).[10]

Monument to the battle of Kozludzha in Suvorovo

Battle

The Russian army under Lieutenant-Generals[3] Alexander Suvorov and Mikhail Kamensky encountered the Ottoman forces of General Abdul-Rezak Pasha.[5][11] Abdul-Rezak Pasha was one of the most successful commanders of the Ottoman Empire at the time.[12] After scouts reported to Suvorov, he immediately ordered the attack.[13] The Russian army, divided into four squares, attacked the Ottomans.[13] Ottoman cavalry charges were repulsed by the Russians,[14] while a Russian cavalry attack from the rear resulted in the capture of all of the Ottoman artillery.[13] Russian artillery fire is also said to have been highly devastating to the Ottoman forces.[15] Casualties were 3,000 for the Ottomans[4] and 209 for the Russians.[4][13] The Russians captured the Ottoman camp with its supplies, while the Ottomans abandoned Kozludzha[15] and retreated to Shumla, where they were soon blockaded, suffering from further defeats and attrition.[8][11][13][15][16]

Aftermath

The Russian victory was one of the major reasons why a month later, on 21 July, the Ottomans were forced to sign the unfavorable Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca.[5][8][17]

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b c d Duffy C., Younghusband B. Eagles Over the Alps: Suvorov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799. Emperor's Press. 1999. P. 15
  2. ^ a b c d Dowling T. C. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO. 2014. P. 436
  3. ^ a b c d Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). Generalissimus Prince Suvorov (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). St. Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. pp. 175–177.
  4. ^ a b c d Dowling T. C. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO. 2014. P. 437
  5. ^ a b c d e Political History and Culture of Russia. Nova Science Publishers. 2003. p. 171. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  6. ^ Gregory Fremont-Barnes (June 2006). The encyclopedia of the French revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: a political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO. p. 960. ISBN 978-1-85109-646-6. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  7. ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (19 January 2005). Russian Officer Corps of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Casemate Publishers. p. 387. ISBN 978-1-61121-002-6. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  8. ^ a b c Mesut Uyar; Edward J. Erickson (2009). A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk. ABC-CLIO. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-275-98876-0. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  9. ^ Tashlykov 2016.
  10. ^ Jadwiga Nadzieja (1988). Od Jakobina do księcia namiestnika. Wydawnictwo "Śląsk". p. 14. ISBN 978-83-216-0682-8.
  11. ^ a b Tony Jaques (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 545. ISBN 978-0-313-33538-9. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  12. ^ Çelikten, Abdullah Burak (2022). "ABDÜRREZZAK BÂHİR PAŞA'NIN HAYATI VE SİYASİ FAALİYETLERİ (1730?-1781)". İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi.
  13. ^ a b c d e Wlodzimierz Onacewicz (1985). Empires by Conquest: Ninth century-1905. Hero Books. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-915979-04-2. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  14. ^ Jadwiga Nadzieja (1988). Od Jakobina do księcia namiestnika. Wydawnictwo "Śląsk". p. 15. ISBN 978-83-216-0682-8.
  15. ^ a b c Virginia H. Aksan (1 January 1995). An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace: Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 1700-1783. BRILL. p. 165. ISBN 978-90-04-10116-6. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  16. ^ Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 493. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  17. ^ Anthony Pagden (25 March 2008). Worlds at War: The 2,500-Year Struggle Between East and West. Random House Publishing Group. p. 362. ISBN 978-1-58836-678-8. Retrieved 26 June 2013.

Sources

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kozludzha