Brigadier General James Monroe Williams

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Cognate Terms

I have removed the cognate terms for now as most of them could not be liked to the listed sources. I would like to readd them to the article with the proper articles. Would Wiktionary's etymologies be acceptable? I am pretty sure they wouldn't be though, because sourcing other wikis is almost always unacceptable, and Wiktionary does not provide any sources for their etymologies. Chariotrider555 (talk) 17:16, 1 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

user:Chariotrider555 i reverted your edit as it seemed deconstructive. please add a citation needed template instead of removing entire sections thank you.Pseudo Nihilist (talk) 17:24, 1 February 2021 (UTC) Blocked sock Chariotrider555 (talk) 13:38, 5 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Well if you want to keep it, you it is your WP:BURDEN to find a source for it. In the interim you may leave a [citation needed] tag for it, but it is YOUR responsibility to find sources for it if you want to restore that content. Chariotrider555 (talk) 17:30, 1 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Removal of content

@Chariotrider555 and Toddy1:, check the references, all the words are mentioned in references, I am giving the references again, and I request toddy1 to check the references. 103.134.25.90 (talk) 14:05, 3 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Only the cognates are mentioned, not the reconstructed Proto-Indo-Iranian terms. Do not add the Proto-Indo-Iranian terms without first having a source. Chariotrider555 (talk) 14:08, 3 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]
Vedic Sanskrit Avestan Common meaning
āp āp "water," āpas "the Waters"[1]
Apam Napat, Apām Napāt Apām Napāt the "water's offspring"[1]
aryaman airyaman "Arya-hood" (lit:** "member of Arya community")[1]
rta asha/arta "active truth", extending to "order" & "righteousness"[1][2]
atharvan āϑrauuan, aϑaurun Atar "priest"[2]
ahi azhi, (aži) "dragon, snake", "serpent"[1]
daiva, deva daeva, (daēuua) a class of divinities
manu manu "man"[1]
mitra mithra, miϑra "oath, covenant"[1][2]
asura ahura another class of spirits[1][2]
sarvatat Hauruuatāt "intactness", "perfection"[3][4][5]
Sarasvatī Haraxvaitī (Ārəduuī Sūrā Anāhitā) a controversial (generally considered mythological) river, a river goddess[6][7]
sauma, soma haoma a plant, deified[1][2]
svar hvar, xvar the Sun, also cognate to Greek helios, Latin sol, Engl. Sun[3]
Tapati tapaiti Possible fire/solar goddess; see Tabiti (a possibly Hellenised Scythian theonym). Cognate with Latin tepeo and several other terms.[3]
Vrtra-/Vr̥tragʰná/Vritraban verethra, vərəϑra (cf. Verethragna, Vərəϑraγna) "obstacle"[1][2]
Yama Yima son of the solar deity Vivasvant/Vīuuahuuant[1]
yajña yasna, object: yazata "worship, sacrifice, oblation"[1][2]
Dyáuṣ Pitṛ́ or Dyēus Bṛhaspati "Jupiter"[2]
Gandarewa Gandharva "heavenly beings"[1]
Nanghaithya Nasatya "twin Vedic gods associated with the dawn, medicine, and sciences"[1]
Ameretat Amarattya "immortality"[1]
Apaosha Póṣa "'demon of drought'"[1]
Asman Ashman "'sky, highest heaven'"[3]
Angira Manyu Angra Mainyu "'destructive/evil spirit, spirit, temper, ardour, passion, anger, teacher of divine knowledge'"[1]
Manyu Maniyu "'anger, wrath'"[1]
Sarva Sarva "'Rudra, Vedic god of wind, Shiva'"[3]
Madhu Madu "'honey'"[1]
Bhuta Buiti "'ghost'"[1]
Mantra Manthra "'sacred spell'"[1]
Aramati Armaiti "'piety'"
Amrita Amesha "'nectar of immortality'"[1]
Sumati Humata "'good thought'"[3][1]
Sukta Hukhta "'good word'"[1]
Narasamsa Nairyosangha "'praised man'"[1]
Vayu Vayu "'wind'"[1]
Vajra Vazra "'bolt'"[1]
Ushas Ushah "'dawn'"[1]
Ahuti azuiti "'offering'"[1]
púraṁdhi purendi[1]
bhaga baga "'"lord, patron, wealth, prosperity, sharer/distributor of good fortune'"[1]
Usij Usij "'"priest'"[1]
trita thrita "'"the third'"[1]
Mas Mah "'"moon, month'"[1]
Vivasvant Vivanhvant "'" lighting up, matutinal'"[1]
Druh Druj "'"Evil spirit'"[1]

@Chariotrider555: Is it okay now? 103.134.25.90 (talk) 15:10, 3 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

@Chariotrider555: this link can help finding out Indo-Iranian words. 103.134.25.90 (talk) 15:15, 3 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]
Dyáuṣ Pitṛ́ and Bṛhaspati are not cognates. Dyaush derives from Proto-Indo-European Dyeus,[8][9] whereas Brhaspati derives from the BMAC substrate.[10] Also neither Dyaush or Brhaspati originally meant Jupiter. Dyaush is the sky deity, and Brhaspati was originally a sage deity. Additionally from Gandarewa to Asman, the Sanskrit and Avestan words are flip flopped, and that needs to be fixed. Also nowadays the Avestan equivalent of Vayu is more commonly written as Vaiiu. Chariotrider555 (talk) 15:41, 3 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]
@Chariotrider555: You can fix or remove the contents what you are talking about, but not all, see this link, it can also help. 103.134.25.90 (talk) 15:55, 3 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]
@Chariotrider555: By the way, do you know, what is the meaning of "Puramdhi"? 103.134.25.90 (talk) 16:01, 3 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Cite error: The named reference Ror was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference Mmm was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f Muir, John (1874). Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India, Their Religion and Institutions. Oricntal Publishers and Distributors. p. 224. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  4. ^ Quiles, Carlos; Lopez-Menchero, Fernando (2009). A Grammar of Modern Indo-European: Language and Culture, Writing System and Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Texts and Dictionary, Etymology. Indo-European Association. p. 741. ISBN 978-1-4486-8206-5. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  5. ^ Bonar, Horatius (1884). The Life and Work of the Rev. G. Theophilus Dodds: Missionary in Connection with the McAll Mission, France. R. Carter. p. 425. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  6. ^ Kainiraka, Sanu (2016). From Indus to Independence - A Trek Through Indian History: Vol I Prehistory to the Fall of the Mauryas. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-85563-14-0. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  7. ^ Kala, Aporva (2015). Alchemist of the East. Musk Deer Publishing. ISBN 978-93-84439-66-8. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  8. ^ Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 408-409. ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2.
  9. ^ West, Martin L. (2007). Indo-European Poetry and Myth. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-19-928075-9.
  10. ^ Parpola, Asko (2015). The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-022692-3.

Article needs major updating

Most researchers cannot readily accept the Central Asian theory for the origin of Indo-Iranians today. In fact, Max Plank Institute, David Reich, and others have converged on an origin of "South Caucauses" (including NW Iran, Armenia, and Eastern Turkey) for the Indo-European language. This article is written with complete neglect of modern/ancient DNA studies, which over the past 10 years, has not only come to question the Steppe/Central Asian hypothesis - but suggest that the truth is diametrically opposite. Without question this article needs references to modern genetics, as well as the many available archeological perspectives, that provide evidence contrasting to the moderators arbitrary narrative. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:882:101:1A0:91E:990:E461:F3C9 (talk) 12:51, 4 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Please dont revert Sourced Content to Unsourced Personal Opinions.

@wikilinuz The sources used here are also the same sources used in main protected pages of kalash people, nuristani people, as well as dharmic religions. and even if you think that they are unreliable(as per you) why would you revert the edit back to an unsourced sentence with a view that even nuristanis and kalash dont believe . i have provided multiple sources and links in edit summary. you have northing except your fantasy and wish to pov push. please provide reliable sources for your exceptional claims. 2409:40E3:103B:A7AA:9DA7:1C54:6ED:DF3B (talk) 03:00, 9 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

i have added more academic sources just to counter an unsourced opinion. unbelievable! 2409:40E3:103B:A7AA:9DA7:1C54:6ED:DF3B (talk) 03:15, 9 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Corded Ware - Shintashta

Apart from your lack of manners, you're wrong when you assert diff

Origin of origin hypothesis does not belong in ethnicity pages.The fact that you won't do hypothetical origin of origins in other pages like Celtic people,Baltic people,slavic people and Germanic people etc tells everything.

I don't understand what exactly causes your misperception, but have a look at the follwong:

  • Celtic people: "The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European languages [...] The mainstream view during most of the twentieth century is that the Celts and the proto-Celtic language arose out of the Urnfield culture of central Europe around 1000 BC [...]"
  • Baltic people: "The Balts are descended from a group of Indo-European tribes who settled the area between the lower Vistula and southeast shore of the Baltic Sea and upper Daugava and Dnieper rivers]]
  • Slavic people: "According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires."
  • Germanic people: "The Germanic-speaking peoples speak an Indo-European language. The leading theory for the origin of Germanic languages, suggested by archaeological, linguistic and genetic evidence, postulates a diffusion of Indo-European languages from the Pontic–Caspian steppe towards Northern Europe during the third millennium BCE, via linguistic contacts and migrations from the Corded Ware culture towards modern-day Denmark, resulting in cultural mixing with the earlier Funnelbeaker culture. The subsequent culture of the Nordic Bronze Age (c. 2000/1750-c. 500 BCE) shows definite cultural and population continuities with later Germanic peoples, and is often supposed to have been the culture in which the Germanic Parent Language, the predecessor of the Proto-Germanic language, developed. However, it is unclear whether these earlier peoples possessed any ethnic continuity with the later Germanic peoples."

But all of this is common knowledge of course. Joshua Jonathan - Let's talk! 13:29, 24 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Semi-protected edit request on 26 April 2024

Please remove the following from the text box in the top right of the page: "The exact relation between the Shintashta-culture and the Corded Ware culture remains unclear; while they are linguistically and culturally related, the (genetic) relation is still to be solved". The text box is fine as it is without that addition. The cited sources in the text box clearly support that the Proto-Indo-Iranian Sintashta was the result of a migration of peoples from the Corded Ware cultural horizon. IndoIranianEnthusiast (talk) 08:42, 26 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Moved into a note. Joshua Jonathan - Let's talk! 09:06, 26 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]