Egypt–European Union relations are the foreign relations between the country of Egypt and the European Union.[1]
Under the aegis of the Global Mediterranean Policy (GMP) launched in 1972, an agreement between the European Economic Community and Egypt was signed in January 1977.[2] The framework laid out by the 1995 Euro-Mediterranean Partnership paved the way for some modest advances in the EU–Egypt relations,[3] leading to a new association agreement signed on 25 June 2001 in the context of the Barcelona process, that entered into force in June 2004.[4] An EU–Egypt Action Plan also entered into force in 2007.[3]
The outbreak of the Arab Spring defied the traditional stability-driven policy conducted by the EU in the region, conveyed by the support to authoritarian rulers in office, including Egypt's Hosni Mubarak, eventually leading to a reassessment of the EU foreign policy in the region.[5]
Both sides share a common membership in the Union for the Mediterranean.
In 2023, the European Commission and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi negotiated the creation of a "strategic partnership" between the EU and Egypt.[6][7][8]
Chronology of relations with the EU
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 25 June 2001 | The EU and Egypt sign an Association Agreement[9] |
| June 2004 | The Association Agreement enters into force[9] |
| March 2007 | The European Neighbourhood Policy Action Plan is adopted[9] |
| 2016 | The EU and Egypt initiated a dialogue on future Partnership Priorities in line with the revised European Neighbourhood Policy[9] |
See also
References
- Citations
- ^ Although there has been a large degree of integration between European Union member states, foreign relations is still a largely intergovernmental matter, with the 28 members controlling their own relations to a large degree.[citation needed] However, with the Union holding more weight as a single bloc, there are at times[vague] attempts to speak with one voice, notably on trade and energy matters. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy personifies this role.
- ^ Zank 2010, p. 149.
- ^ a b Bordón 2019, p. 330.
- ^ Zank 2010, p. 152.
- ^ Abdel Ghafar & Jacobs 2019, pp. 1–2.
- ^ "EU: Egypt Support Risks Complicity in Abuses". Human Rights Watch. 19 December 2023.
- ^ "How the EU Supports Authoritarianism in Egypt". Carnegie Europe. 12 December 2023.
- ^ "EU Commission aims to sign strategic partnership with Egypt by February". Eunews. 23 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d "KEY MILESTONES EGYPT" (PDF). European Commission. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- Bibliography
- Abdel Ghafar, Adel; Jacobs, Anna (2019). "EU–North Africa Relations in an Age of Turbulence". In Abdel Ghafar, Adel (ed.). The European Union and North Africa: Prospects and Challenges. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 9780815736967.
- Bordón, Javier (2019). "The European Union and the Egyptian Neighbour: assessing the characterization of resilience as an external action priority" (PDF). Paix et Sécurité Internationales (7). Paix et sécurité internationales: Journal of International Law and International Relations: 323–348. ISSN 2341-0868.
- Zank, Wolfang (2010). "Cooperation or Silent Rivalry? The EU and the USA in the Mediterranean – The Case of Egypt" (PDF). Perspectives on Federalism. 2 (3). ISSN 2036-5438.
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