Jenkinson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Anthony Jenkinson (1529–1610/1611), English explorer
- Jenkinson Baronets, holders of the two British baronetcies for people with the surname Jenkinson
- Carl Jenkinson (born 1992), English footballer
- Clay S. Jenkinson (born 1955), American author
- David Jenkinson (1934–2004), English railway modeller and historian
- Debbie Jenkinson, Irish illustrator and comic artist
- Denis Jenkinson (1921–1997), English motorsport journalist
- Hilary Jenkinson (1882–1961), English archivist
- Kate Jenkinson, Australian actress
- Leigh Jenkinson (born 1969), English footballer
- Louisa Jenkinson, Countess of Liverpool (1767–1821), first wife of Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool
- Mary Jenkinson, Countess of Liverpool (1777–1846), second wife of Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool
- Monique Jenkinson (born 1971), also known as Fauxnique, American artist, choreographer, drag performer and author
- Philip Jenkinson (1935–2012), English journalist, television presenter and film collector
- Robert Jenkinson (canoeist) (born 1960), New Zealand canoeist
- Thomas Jenkinson (MP) (fl. 16th century), English member of Parliament for Leicester
- Tom Jenkinson (footballer) (1865–?), Scottish footballer (Heart of Midlothian and Scotland)
- Thomas Jenkinson (English footballer) (fl. 1914–1916), English footballer (Bradford City)
- Thomas Jenkinson (footballer, born 1877), English footballer (Sheffield United, Grimsby Town)
- Tom Jenkinson (musician) (born 1975), British recording artist and record producer known professionally as Squarepusher
- William Jenkinson (footballer, born 1892), English footballer
- William Jenkinson (footballer, born 1883), English footballer