History
| Elections in Michigan |
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20th century
Republicans held legislative control of the redistricting process throughout most of the 19th and 20th centuries, with Democrats holding control only in the redistricting cycles following the census of 1850, 1890, 1970, 1980 and 1990.
1990s
Following the 1990 United States census, Michigan lost the 18th and 17th districts.
21st century
2000s
Following the 2000 United States census, Michigan lost the 16th district. Republicans held control of the redistricting process.
2010s
Following the 2010 United States census, Michigan lost the 15th district. Republicans held control of the redistricting process, using the REDMAP plan to maximize gains in legislative and congressional maps.
In 2018, voters approved of a proposal to establish an independent redistricting commission for congressional and state legislative districts for Michigan.[1]
2020s
Following the 2020 United States census, Michigan lost the 14th district. Despite retaining legislative majorities in the 2020 elections, Republican legislators no longer controlled the redistricting process, as the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission was convened to redraw legislative and congressional maps.
Both congressional and state legislature maps drawn by the MICRC were challenged in court for violating the VRA by reducing the number of black-majority districts in Detroit.[2] While supporters claim that this allows black voters to elect more black-aligned candidates across a larger number of districts, opponents argue that this dilutes the power of black voters.[3] The lawsuit against both the state legislative districts and the congressional districts was dismissed on February 3, 2022, due to insufficient evidence that the redistricting commission needed to create the same number of black-majority districts.[4] The new district lines resulted in Detroit failing to elect a black member of Congress for the first time in nearly 70 years.[5]
On March 23, 2022, a group of nineteen African-American Detroiters who live in thirteen different Michigan House and Senate districts in portions of Detroit sued the MICRC for violating the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution and the Voting Rights Act. [6] On December 21, 2023, a three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan determined that the MICRC "overwhelmingly - indeed, inescapably" drew the boundaries of the plaintiffs' districts predominantly on the basis for race.[7] The three-judge panel enjoined further use of the Michigan House and Michigan Senate maps drawn by the MICRC and ordered the maps to be redrawn. [8]
References
- ^ Moon, Emily (November 7, 2018). "How Did Citizen-Led Redistricting Initiatives Fare in the Mid-Terms?". Pacific Standard. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ Dwyer, Devin. "Michigan's 'fairer' election maps challenged for 'diluting' Black vote". ABC News. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ Hendrickson, Clara. "Lawsuit filed against Michigan redistricting commission alleges maps unfair to Black voters". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
- ^ Hendrickson, Clara. "Mich. Supreme Court upholds redistricting commission maps in face of voting rights lawsuit". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "FOR FIRST TIME IN NEARLY 70 YEARS, DETROIT LACKS BLACK REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS". American Black Journal. February 21, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/federal-lawsuit-over-michigans-legislative-maps-heads-to-trial/
- ^ https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/michigan/miwdce/1:2022cv00272/104360/131/
- ^ https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-government/experts-everything-air-now-michigan-districts-must-be-redrawn