Scoulerine, also known as discretamine and aequaline, is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) that is derived directly from (S)-reticuline through the action of berberine bridge enzyme. It is a precursor of other BIAs, notably berberine, noscapine, (S)-tetrahydropalmatine, and (S)-stylopine, as well as the alkaloids protopine, and sanguinarine.[1] It is found in many plants, including opium poppy,[2] Croton flavens,[3] and certain plants in the genus Erythrina.[4]
Studies show that scoulerine is an antagonist in vitro at the α2-adrenoceptor, α1D-adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor.[5][6] It has also been found to be a GABAA receptor agonist in vitro.[3][7]
References
- ^ Hagel, Jillian M; Morris, Jeremy S; Lee, Eun-Jeong; Desgagne-Penx, Isabel; Bross, Crystal D; Chang, Limei; Chen, Xue; Farrow, Scott C; Zhang, Ye (2015). "Transcriptome analysis of 20 taxonomically related benzylisoquinoline alkaloid-producing plants". BMC Plant Biology. 15: 227. doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0596-0. PMC 4575454. PMID 26384972.
- ^ Frick S; Chitty JA; Kramell R; Schmidt J; Allen RS; Larkin PJ; Kutchan TM (2004). "Transformation of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) with antisense berberine bridge enzyme gene (anti-bbe) via somatic embryogenesis results in an altered ratio of alkaloids in latex but not in roots". Transgenic Res. 13 (6): 607–613. doi:10.1007/s11248-004-2892-6. PMID 15672841. S2CID 38780571.
- ^ a b Eisenreich WJ; Hofner G; Bracher F (2003). "Alkaloids from Croton flavens L. and their affinities to GABA-receptors". Nat Prod Res. 17 (6): 437–440. doi:10.1080/1478641031000111516. PMID 14577695. S2CID 13192928.
- ^ Ito K (1999). "Studies on the alkaloids of Erythrina plants". Yakugaku Zasshi. 119 (5): 340–356. doi:10.1248/yakushi1947.119.5_340. PMID 10375996.
- ^ Ko FN; Yu SM; Su MJ; Wu YC; Teng CM (1993). "Pharmacological activity of (−)-discretamine, a novel vascular α-adrenoceptor and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist, isolated from Fissistigma glaucescens". Br J Pharmacol. 110 (2): 882–888. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13895.x. PMC 2175899. PMID 7902181.
- ^ Ko FN; Guh JH; Yu SM; Hou YS; Wu YC; Teng CM (1994). "(−)-Discretamine, a selective α1D-adrenoceptor antagonist, isolated from Fissistigma glaucescens". Br J Pharmacol. 112 (4): 1174–1180. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13207.x. PMC 1910235. PMID 7952879.
- ^ Halbsguth C; Meissner O; Haberlein H (2003). "Positive cooperation of protoberberine type 2 alkaloids from Corydalis cava on the GABA(A) binding site". Planta Med. 69 (4): 305–309. doi:10.1055/s-2003-38869. PMID 12709895. S2CID 260282359.