Colonel William A. Phillips

Stratford-upon-Avon Guildhall is a historic building in Church Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. It is a Grade I listed building.^[1] Dating from the early 15th century, the Guildhall was for centuries at the centre of life in Stratford, being used for assemblies, as a meeting place for the local council, and as a school building for the King Edward VI School. Most famously William Shakespeare almost certainly attended school here. The building was opened to the public in 2016, after being restored.

History

The guildhall was established as a meeting place for the Guild of the Holy Cross, a religious group of merchants in the town.^[2] It was adjacent to the 13th century Guild Chapel, which was the merchants' place of worship.^[3] It also adjoined the almshouses, which were built around the same time.^[4]

The building, which is timber-framed with plaster infill, was completed in around 1417; the design made extensive use of jettied timber framing and featured an entrance to the left end bay with iron gates at ground floor level and six leaded windows at first floor level; there was a wing to the south-east.^[1] Internally, the design included a main hall, with a stone floor and chamfered ceiling beams, on the ground floor and two rooms, with spine beam, on the first floor.^[5] Originally the ground floor hall displayed iconography depicting God the Father flanked by Mary, mother of Jesus and John the Evangelist.^[5] The wing to the south-east is thought to have been used as an armoury.^[1]

After the suppression of the chantries and religious guilds under King Edward VI in 1547, the local borough council petitioned for control of the building and secured ownership of it in 1553.^[2] The council used the ground floor hall as their main offices and also as a court of record, so that local commercial disputes might be resolved.^[2] The medieval iconography was whitewashed as part of the Government's reformation policy in 1563.^[6] In the 17th and 18th centuries, the ground floor hall was used for public assemblies, including theatre performances, but also continued to be used as the meeting place of Stratford-upon-Avon Borough Council until meetings were transferred to larger facilities at Stratford-upon-Avon Town Hall in Sheep Street in 1843.^[1][7]

Meanwhile, the first floor rooms were used for teaching by the newly re-founded King's New School from 1560.^[2] William Shakespeare probably attended the school as a child, although he is thought to have left at an early age, in the early 1570s.^[8] The facility, which continues to be used by King Edward VI School, was restored, at a cost on £1.8 million, with support from the Heritage Lottery Fund,^[9] between July 2015^[10] and April 2016.^[11] The restoration included treatment of the timbers and conservation of the medieval iconography^[10] and also revealed an additional unexpected medieval painting of John the Baptist.^[12] The guildhall was then opened to the public for the first time in April 2016.^[13]

References