Battle of Round Mountain

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Introduction

View of the south side of the Santa Catalina Mountains as seen from Tucson, Arizona.

A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher than a hill, typically rising at least 300 metres (980 ft) above the surrounding land. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in mountain ranges.

Mountains are formed through tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action of weathering, through slumping and other forms of mass wasting, as well as through erosion by rivers and glaciers.

High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains tend to be used less for agriculture and more for resource extraction, such as mining and logging, along with recreation, such as mountain climbing and skiing.

The highest mountain on Earth is Mount Everest in the Himalayas of Asia, whose summit is 8,850 m (29,035 ft) above mean sea level. The highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System is Olympus Mons on Mars at 21,171 m (69,459 ft). (Full article...)

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Highlands or uplands are areas of high elevation such as a mountainous region, elevated mountainous plateau or high hills. Generally, upland refers to a range of hills, typically from 300 m (980 ft) up to 600 m (2,000 ft), while highland is usually reserved for ranges of low mountains. However, the two terms are interchangeable and also include regions that are transitional between hilly and mountainous terrain. (Full article...)

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The Crease Range is a small, low mountain range in northern western British Columbia, Canada, located on north-central Graham Island of Haida Gwaii, between Lan and Adam Lakes. It has an area of 79 km² and consists of hills. It is a subrange of the Queen Charlotte Mountains which in turn form part of the Insular Mountains. (Full article...)

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A bornhardt ( /ˈbɔːrnˈhɑːrt/) is a dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock outcropping at least 30 metres (100 ft) in height and several hundred metres in width. They are named after Wilhelm Bornhardt (1864–1946), a German geologist and explorer of German East Africa, who first described the feature.

While bornhardt was originally used to sometimes denote a type of inselberg (literally island mountain—an isolated dome in an otherwise flat landscape), the term bornhardt is used in modern literature to refer to domed hills and mountains regardless of isolation; thus, not all bornhardts are inselbergs and not all inselbergs are bornhardts. Bornhardts are commonly composed of igneous rocks, often granites, but examples of gneiss, quartzite and arkose bornhardts exists. (Full article...)

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Selected climbing article

Rock climber with a helmet, harness & rope, and a traditional climbing "rack" of protection devices on their harness and additional gear sling, which contains SCLDs, nuts, a tricam, and quickdraws

Rock-climbing equipment varies with the type of climbing undertaken. Bouldering needs the least equipment outside of shoes and chalk and optional crash pads. Sport climbing adds ropes, harnesses, belay devices, and quickdraws to clip into pre-drilled bolts. Traditional climbing adds the need for carrying a "rack" of temporary passive and active protection devices. Multi-pitch climbing (and big wall climbing) adds devices to assist in ascending and descending fixed ropes. And finally aid climbing uses unique equipment (e.g. aiders).

Advances in equipment are a key part of the rock climbing history, starting with the climbing rope. Modern devices enable climbers to perform tasks that were previously done manually and with greater control (in all conditions) and less effort. Examples of replacements include the harness (replaced tieing the rope around the waist), the carabiner (replaced many knots), the descender/abseil device (replaced the dülfersitz), the ascender (replaced the prusik knot), the belay device (replaced the body belay), and nuts/hexes (replaced chockstones). (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various mountain-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The Ocean Ridge, the world's longest mountain range (chain) (from Mountain range)
Image 2Temperate montane forest in Bavaria, Germany (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 3British mountaineer William Cecil Slingsby became known as the father of Norwegian mountaineering and contributed greatly to its popularization with his classic book Norway, the Northern Playground (from Mountaineering)
Image 4The city of La Paz reaches up to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) in elevation. (from Mountain)
Image 5Climbers ascending Mount Rainier looking at Little Tahoma Peak (from Mountaineering)
Image 6A mountain rescue team in Iran moving a casualty. (from Mountain rescue)
Image 7Cabane du Trient, a mountain hut in the Swiss Alps (from Mountaineering)
Image 8Antique climbing tools (from Mountaineering)
Image 9Edward Whymper (1840–1911), painting by Lance Calkin (from Mountaineering)
Image 10Car of Horská služba (Czech Republic) (from Mountain rescue)
Image 11The Andes, the longest mountain range on the surface of the Earth, have a dramatic impact on the climate of South America (from Mountain range)
Image 12Stretcher box in Cumbria, England, prepositioned equipment saves mountain rescue teams having to trudge up mountains with it. (from Mountain rescue)
Image 13Mountaineers, c. 1900 (from Mountaineering)
Image 14Choppering out the injured – with Mt. Forbes in the background (from Mountain rescue)
Image 15Climber approaching the summit of Manaslu at 8,163 metres (from Mountaineering)
Image 16Pirin Mountain, Bulgaria, part of the fault-block Rila-Rhodope massif (from Mountain)
Image 17The Namcha Barwa Himal, east part of the Himalayas as seen from space by Apollo 9 (from Mountain range)
Image 18Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain (from Mountain)
Image 19Montes Apenninus on the Moon was formed by an impact event. (from Mountain range)
Image 20A subalpine lake in the Cascade Range, Washington, United States (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 21Tropical montane forest at around 2,000 m in Malaysia (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 22Mountaineers climbing in South Tyrol (from Mountain)
Image 23The northern Urals at high latitude and elevation have an alpine climate and barren ground. (from Mountain)
Image 24Edelweiss, a plant associated with mountain sports (from Mountaineering)
Image 25Mountaineers proceed across snow fields on South Tyrol; other climbers are visible further up the slopes. (from Mountaineering)
Image 26An alpine mire in the Swiss Alps (from Mountain)
Image 27Alpine flora near Cascade Pass (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 28Fuji volcano (from Mountain)
Image 29Chimborazo, Ecuador, whose summit is the point farthest away from the Earth's center (from Mountain)
Image 30The Catskills in Upstate New York represent an eroded plateau. (from Mountain)
Image 31This 1848 "Sketch showing the actual elevation of the Snow Line in different Latitudes" by Alexander Keith Johnston shows the snow lines of mountains in America, Europe and Asia (from Snow line)
Image 32Iranian oak scrub in the Zagros Mountains (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 33Illustration of mountains that developed on a fold that has been thrust (from Mountain)
Image 34Alpine landscape below Malyovitsa Peak, Rila Mountain, Bulgaria (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 35Waimea Canyon, Hawaii, is known for its montane vegetation. (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 36A stand of mountain birch at around 750 m in Trollheimen, typical of Scandinavian subalpine forests (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 37Mountain rescue team members and other services attend to a casualty in Freiburg Germany. (from Mountain rescue)
Image 38Winter campers bivouaced in the snow (from Mountaineering)
Image 39Fixed lines and ladders are distinguishing characteristics of expedition style mountaineering (from Mountaineering)
Image 40Everest is highest from sea level (green), Mauna Kea is highest from its base (orange), Cayambe is farthest from Earth's axis (pink) and Chimborazo is farthest from Earth's centre (blue) (from Mountain)

Selected skiing article

Biathletes in the shooting area of a competition

The biathlon is a winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. It is treated as a race, with contestants skiing through a cross-country trail whose distance is divided into shooting rounds. The shooting rounds are not timed per se, but depending on the competition, missed shots result in extra distance or time being added to the contestant's total. (Full article...)

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