Yale is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Kansas, United States.[1] As of the 2020 census, the population of the community and nearby areas was 81.[2] It is located northeast of Frontenac at the intersection of E 600th Ave and S 250th St, about 1 miles west of the Missouri state border. The community is home to the Chicken Mary's and Chicken Annie's restaurants.
History
Yale was a mining town on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.[3] Founded by the Western Coal and Mining Company, Yale served as a primarily African American mining camp from 1890 to 1930.[4] In the 1890’s, Yale was involved in the Big Four Strikes in 1893 and again in 1899.[5] Both strikes resulted in many non-union black miners being brought to the area to work in the mines.[6] Black miners were recruited from Alabama to provide labor during the mining strikes.[7] In 1893, 375 black miners settled in Yale and in 1899, the first importation included 175 black miners. During both strikes, black miners were brought to Yale via the Missouri Pacific Railroad by the Western Coal Mining Company.[5] In 1899, black miners arriving at Yale were shuttled into a stockade to protect them from white striking miners who were not pleased with their arrival.[8] After the second strike ended in September 1899, coal mining companies continued to recruit African American Miners.[5]
By 1900, Yale had grown into a town with a post office, stores, schools, churches, a doctor, and several buildings and homes for the miners and their families.[4] A post office was opened in Yale in 1892, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1914.[9] Newly arriving black miners had to live in a skating rink that was converted into a boarding house.[8] In 1900, the “Big Colored* Band from Yale,” serenaded president Theodore Roosevelt’s arrival in Pittsburg, Kansas.[8] Additionally, in February and March of that year, there were two mild outbreaks of smallpox.[8]
Due to the black migration, racial violence and anti-black sentiment started to grow in the area that was typical during the American Nadir.[10] A local cemetery, now called the Yale African American Cemetery, is located north of Mindenmines, a sundown town east of Yale, in Barton County, MO. It is estimated that 248 individuals are buried in the cemetery.[4] By the early 1930s, most of the African American residents had been forced out of their homes taking part in the Great Migration moving north to Kansas City.[10]
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 81 | — | |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Yale as a census-designated place (CDP).
References
- ^ a b c d U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Yale, Kansas
- ^ a b "Profile of Yale, Kansas (CDP) in 2020". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ A Twentieth Century History and Biographical Record of Crawford County, Kansas. The Lewis Publishing Company. 1905. pp. 51.
- ^ a b c "Yale African American Cemetery Collection | Pittsburg State University Research | Pittsburg State University Digital Commons". digitalcommons.pittstate.edu. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
- ^ a b c Rietcheck, Chase (2009). "The Major Strike in Pittsburg Kansas: Strike of 1899 on the Major Coal Mining Strike of 1899". Theory and Practice: HIST430. Fall 2009: 10–13 – via Pittsburg State University Digital Commons.
- ^ "Yale African American Cemetery Collection | Pittsburg State University Research | Pittsburg State University Digital Commons". digitalcommons.pittstate.edu. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
- ^ "African American Residents in Kansas - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society". www.kshs.org. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
- ^ a b c d Robb, John (1969). "The Black Coal Miner of Southeast Kansas". History of Minority Groups in Kansas (2): 5, 9, 13 – via Kansas Government Information Online Library.
- ^ "Kansas Post Offices, 1828-1961, page 2 (archived)". Kansas Historical Society. Archived from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- ^ a b Loewen, James (July 17, 2018). Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism (2nd ed.). The New Press. p. 161. ISBN 9781620974346.
Further reading
External links
Municipalities and communities of Crawford County, Kansas, United States | ||
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| Cities |  | |
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Townships | ||
| Footnotes | †This community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau. ‡This community also has portions in an adjacent county or counties. | |