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Evangeline Simpson Whipple (née Marrs; January 15, 1855/1857[2] – September 1, 1930) was an American philanthropist and author, who was known for her humanitarian activities as a member of the American Red Cross in Europe during the First World War.

Early life

Evangeline Elizabeth Thurston Marrs was born in Wayland, Massachusetts,[3] the only daughter born to Jane Van Poelien Marrs (1832–1906),[4] an immigrant from England, and Dana Francis Marrs (b. 1826),[a] a machinist and farmer from Ireland.[6][7][8] Her older brother was photographer Kingsmill Marrs, who married Laura Norcross (a daughter of mayor Otis Norcross).[9]

Marriages

First marriage

In 1882, aged 27, according to one source,[10] Evangeline was first married to Michael Hodge Simpson (1809–1884), a wealthy cotton manufacturer from Saxonville, Massachusetts,[11] who was 48 years her senior.[7][6] As a wedding present, he gave her $1 million (equivalent to $31,572,414 in 2023) in bonds.[12] While the newlyweds went on their honeymoon in Europe, Simpson commissioned a $150,000 (equivalent to $4,735,862 in 2023) mansion to be built in Wayland, overlooking Dudley Pond. Local residents responded badly to their age difference however, and the couple did not end up spending much time in the mansion.[6] Simpson died of heart failure in 1884 and left an estate of $10–12 million to Evangeline.[12][7]

Second marriage

Evangeline, and her second husband, Bishop Whipple, in the late 1890s.

As a wealthy widow, Evangeline later began a relationship with Rose Cleveland, the sister of President Grover Cleveland.[13] Rose had served as her brother's White House hostess (First Lady of the United States) from 1885 to 1886 because he was not married when he took office.[14] The relationship between the women continued until Evangeline met Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple in Florida while she was on vacation. Whipple was the first bishop of Minnesota, known for advocating for Native American rights. He maintained a winter home in Florida, and founded a church in Maitland, Florida.[7] Evangeline was an "intimate friend" of Whipple's first wife Cornelia Wright Whipple, a daughter of Benjamin Wright of Jefferson County, whom he married in 1842 and who died in 1890 from injuries sustained in a railroad accident.[5] Bishop Whipple married Evangeline in 1896,[5] moved to Minnesota, and changed her legal family name to Whipple. Henry Whipple was 36 years her senior.[7][15]

She then began a period of humanitarian and philanthropy, working with her husband, a missionary for The Episcopal Church. She greatly expanded the Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour, provided the fund for the construction of the St. Mary's School for Girls, also in Faribault, and worked to improve education provided to women. Henry Whipple died in 1901. In his honor, Evangeline commissioned several memorials to him, including the bell tower for the Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour.[15] She stayed in Minnesota following his death and continued supporting the community.[7] In 1902, she traveled to Italy with Rose Cleveland. They corresponded when apart.[16]

Italy

In 1910, Evangeline Whipple left Minnesota for Italy, traveling with Cleveland, to be with her terminally ill brother Kingsmill Marrs, and never returned to the United States.[7] Whipple moved to Bagni di Lucca and the two women spent the next eight years doing philanthropic and civic work, such as building an orphanage. In recognition of their contribution to the city, Bagni di Lucca named a street after Whipple.[17][page needed] Whipple often socialized with her friends such as Nelly Erichsen in the three houses that she owned.[7]

After the onset of the Great War, both Whipple and Cleveland volunteered for the Red Cross in Italy, in addition to their friend Erichsen. During the war, Whipple also worked to address the Spanish flu pandemic and transport people displaced due to the war to Bagni di Lucca by providing humanitarian aid. Erichsen contracted Spanish influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic, and died shortly after the end of the war. Cleveland died several days later from the flu after nursing for Erichsen.[7]

Whipple continued to travel around Europe and advocate for women's issues around the continent.[citation needed] In 1928, A Famous Corner of Tuscany written by her was published. It was dedicated to Cleveland.[7][18][19]

Death and legacy

Whipple and Cleveland's monuments, English Cemetery, Bagni di Lucca, Italy

In 1930, Evangeline fell ill while traveling in London, and died shortly thereafter. She was buried alongside Rose Cleveland in the English Cemetery section in Bagni di Lucca. In her will, she left millions of dollars to schools, churches, people, and Native American programs in Minnesota that she worked with.[7] It is believed that she gave a total of what would have been $53 million in 2013 to the St. Mary's School for Girls, now called the Shattuck-Saint Mary's.[20]

Archived at the Minnesota Historical Society is the correspondence, described as love letters, between Evangeline and Rose. It is part of the Whipple-Scandrett collection.[18]

Her influence on the Faribault, Minnesota area was portrayed in Rice County Historical Society's version of A Night at the Museum that features historical people in a 2013 event.[21] The historical society received a grant from Minnesota Historical Society in the amount of $9,800 to produce archives of Whipple's life. Tilly Laskey, who traveled to Tuscany to research Whipple's life and is considered the "premier historian" on her legacy, was expected to be commissioned to work on the project called "Hidden in Plain Sight: Recovering Evangeline Marrs Whipple’s Minnesota Story Through Archival Research."[20]

References

Notes

  1. ^ According to her 1896 wedding announcement to Bishop Whipple, she was the daughter of the late Dr. Francis Marrs.[5]

Sources

  1. ^ Biography, Framinghamhistory.org. Accessed March 14, 2024.
  2. ^ Biography, Framinghamhistory.org. Accessed March 14, 2024.
  3. ^ Mackenzie, George Norbury (1917). Colonial Families of the United States of America: In which is Given the History, Genealogy and Armorial Bearings of Colonial Families who Settled in the American Colonies from the Time of the Settlement of Jamestown, 13th May, 1607, to the Battle of Lexington, 19th April, 1775. Grafton Press. p. 469. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  4. ^ Dept, New Jersey Treasury (1910). Annual Report, Treasurer of the State of New Jersey ...: Report of the Joint Committee on Treasurer's Accounts and of the State Treasurer ... p. 40. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  5. ^ a b c "BISHOP WHIPPLE WEDS; The Noted Churchman United to Mrs. Evangeline Simpson" (PDF). The New York Times. October 24, 1896. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c The Remarkable Life of Michael Simpson, Part Two (PDF), Newsletter of The Friends of Saxonville, Winter 2003, pp. 4–7, archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2011, retrieved July 21, 2017
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tilly Laskey (May 26, 2017). "Whipple, Evangeline Marrs Simpson (1857–1930)". MNOPEDIA, Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  8. ^ Addison, Henry Robert; Oakes, Charles Henry; Lawson, William John; Sladen, Douglas Brooke Wheelton (1900). Who's Who 1900 | An Annual Biographical Dictionary | Fifty-Second Year of Issue. London: A. & C. Black. p. 1048. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  9. ^ "Kingsmill Marrs Photographs, ca. 1850-1915". www.masshist.org. Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Biography, Framinghamhistory.org. Accessed March 14, 2024.
  11. ^ "Michael Hodge Simpson". framinghamhistory.org. Framingham History Center. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  12. ^ a b "A Successful Life". The Milan Exchange. Milan, Tennessee. December 27, 1884. p. 6. Retrieved April 8, 2017 – via newspapers.com.
  13. ^ Faderman, Lillian (2012). Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0231530743.
  14. ^ "Frances Cleveland Biography : National First Ladies' Library". firstladies.org. Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
  15. ^ a b Evangeline Marrs Simpson Whipple (September 1, 1930). "Evangeline Whipple". In honor of the people. Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  16. ^ "First Lady Biography: Frances Cleveland / Rose Elizabeth Cleveland". The National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  17. ^ Lillian Faderman (January 3, 2012). Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America. Columbia University Press.
  18. ^ a b Katherine A.S. Sibley (March 14, 2016). A Companion to First Ladies. Wiley. p. PT519. ISBN 978-1-118-73218-2.
  19. ^ Mrs. Evangeline E. Marrs Whipple (1928). A Famous Corner of Tuscany. Jarrolds, limited.
  20. ^ a b Boarini, Cristeta (October 17, 2013). "Three Rice County orgs receive Minnesota Historical Society grants". Southernminn.com.
  21. ^ Boarini, Cristeta (2013). "'A Night at the Museum' brings history to life at the Rice County Historical Society". Southernminn.com.

Further reading

  • Hardy, Rob (2007). "The Passion of Rose Elizabeth Cleveland". New England Review. 28 (1): 180–193. JSTOR 40244938. - includes samples of their correspondence
  • Salenius, Sirpa (2014). "Life with Evangeline Whipple". Life with Evangeline Whipplel. pp. 69–83. doi:10.1057/9781137452887_5. ISBN 978-1-349-49851-2.
  • Salenius, S. (2014). Rose Elizabeth Cleveland: First Lady and Literary Scholar. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0231530743.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeline_Marrs_Whipple