There is a recognition by several groups of Kurds of the participation of their ancestors in the Armenian genocide during World War I. Some Kurdish tribes, mainly as part of the Ottoman Army [citation needed], along with the Turks and other people, participated in massacres of Armenians. Other Kurds opposed the genocide, in some cases even hiding or adopting Armenian refugees.[1] Several prominent Kurdish politicians made statements or published articles and books regarding the Armenian genocide.[2][3]
Armenian genocide
The genocide of Armenians was meticulously carried out with help from tribal Kurds who were organized into an auxiliary force called the Hamidiye Cavalry of the Ottoman government in Constantinople. Also, inmates in Ottoman prisons, including Kurds and Turks, were given amnesty and released from prison if they would massacre the Armenians.[4] Historian Raymond Kévorkian believes that the role of Kurds as perpetrators in the genocide has sometimes been overstated, beginning with Turkish historians eager to shift blame to Kurds. Kévorkian states that many nomadic Kurdish tribes actively participated in the genocide but settled Kurds only rarely did so.[5]
During the Van Resistance, Armenians who left via Persia took defensive positions in Bargiri, Saray and Hosap districts of the Van Province. A refugee group following the Russian forces were intercepted by Kurdish forces when they crossed the mountain passes near the Bargiri Pass, and suffered many casualties there.
The security of the refugees had been nominally the responsibility of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman authorities stated that some groups of refugees were attacked by local tribes (Kurdish and Arab [citation needed]), before they reached their destinations. These attacks mainly took place on the roads between Aleppo and Meskene, but it was also dangerous from Diyarbekir to Der Zor and from Saruc to Halep on the Menbic Road. This region is heavily populated by Kurds.[citation needed]
Rober Koptaş estimates that the majority of Kurds in Turkey acknowledge the Armenian genocide.[6]
List of recognition
| Type | Recognize | Date | Declaration |
|---|---|---|---|
| NGO | Kurdish Institute of Paris | The Kurdish Institute of Paris has recognized the 1915 massacres as genocide. The Armenian genocide is often mentioned in monthly magazine published by the Kurdish Institute. | |
| NGO | Center of Halabja against Anfalization and Genocide of the Kurds (CHAK) | Welcomed the recognition of genocide against the Armenian people. The motivation from CHAK was:
"This recognition will help us all to have a broader understanding of past crimes and present us with the possibility of a peaceful and brighter future."[7] In 2006, CHAK published an article about the Armenian genocide called "Armenian Genocide: Turkey To Target".[8] and over 10 articles regarding the genocide have earlier been published.[9] | |
| Political | Democratic Society Party (DTP) | 30 Dec 2008 | The party leader Ahmet Türk apologized to Armenians and Assyrians for the massacres inflicted on them.[10] |
| Political | Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) | Its party co-chair Selahattin Demirtaş acknowledged the existence of the Armenian genocide in an interview he gave to Civilnet.[11] In 2014 Ahmet Türk acknowledged the Kurdish role in Armenian genocide.[12] | |
| Political | Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) | In the website for KDP supporters published an article (author: Nezîr Semmikanli) where he writes about the Armenian genocide where he describes the genocide as a crime against the Christian people[13] The party leader Masoud Barzani published a book about the Armenian genocide.[2][14] | |
| PKK | Abdullah Öcalan | 10 Apr 1998 30 Jan 2014 |
In a 10 April 1998 personal letter to Robert Kocharyan, the newly inaugurated President of Armenia, Öcalan congratulated him on his election victory and expressed hope that the genocide would be officially recognized in Turkey:
"I also welcome and endorse the passage of a resolution in the Belgian Senate calling on the Turkish government in Ankara to recognise the reality of the Armenian holocaust perpetrated by the last Ottoman regime in 1915–19 ... The massacres during the First World War which shocked the civilised world then became a precedent for an even more appalling and destructive demonstration of genocide of the Jewish people by the German Nazis in the Second World War. Let us recall Hitler's response to a critic of the 'final solution' of the Jewish problem: 'Who complained about the Armenians?'"[15] Öcalan reiterated this position in a letter published on 30 January 2014 by the Istanbul-based Armenian weekly Agos. Throughout the letter, written from his cell in İmralı Prison, he repeatedly used the word "genocide" to characterise the atrocities, and stated: "Today, the entire world should confront the historical truth of what happened to the Armenians and share their pain, paving the way for mourning. Inevitably, the Turkish Republic too will have to approach this issue with maturity and confront this painful history." He also emphasised that the Kurdish and Armenian struggles were inseparably linked to one another, citing the 2007 assassination of Agos co-founder Hrant Dink as an example of how "anti-democratic forces" within Turkey seek to undermine both causes. Öcalan's letter was an apparent condemnation of incendiary remarks made earlier in the month by KCK co-chair Bese Hozat regarding alleged conspiracies by "Armenian, Jewish, and Greek lobbies" to undermine the democratic movement in Turkey.[16] |
| Kurdish Council of Armenia | 10 Mar 2009 |
The president of the Kurdish Council Armenia, Knyaz Hasanov has repeatedly spoken about the Armenian genocide. On March 10, 2009, said Hasanov to the Kurds who participated in massacres against the Armenians were separate Kurds and not the Kurdish nation.[17] | |
| Kongra-Gel (PKK) | 20 Aug 2004 | In an interview with Onnik Krikorian from Armenian News Network conducted on 20 August 2004, Kongra-Gel's Caucasus representative Heydar Ali stated:
"Armenia's position is more favorable towards the Kurds because 1.5 million Armenians were killed during the Genocide. However, to deny the Kurdish identity in Armenia is a violation of international human rights obligations but yes, you are right. It is well known that throughout history, Kurdistan and the Kurds have been divided and that this is a special policy conducted by very powerful countries in the world to weaken us. The division between Kurds and Yezidi is another manifestation of this." | |
| Kurdish Parliament in Exile | 24 Apr 1997 | Passed a resolution recognizing the Armenian genocide.
In the resolution, this was said: "The blueprints of and the logistics for this genocide being prepared ahead of time, they employed Hamidiye Alaylari from Kurdish tribes (Similar to the present day Village Guards system who kill our people) to commit history's, until then unknown, Genocide. In this Genocide, millions of Armenians and Assyrian-Syrians were killed, and millions others were deported from their homes and land and scattered to the four corners of the world."[18] Further on in the resolution: "Today is the 82nd anniversary of the genocide committed against the Assyrian-Syriac and Armenian peoples. Sharing the agony caused by this process, I find the Ottoman State and their collaborators the Hamidiye Alaylari, formed by some Kurdish tribes, responsible for this crime before history and I condemn them with abhorrence. Zubeyir Aydar Chairman of the Executive Committee"[18] | |
| Newspaper | Özgur Gündem | Kurdish apologized to the Armenian people for silence and complicity in the Armenian genocide. The Ozgur Gundem website at the same time also had a detailed publications on the genocide, hardships and sufferings of the Armenian people.[19] | |
| NGO | Kurdish Youth Club (USA) | Ara Alan, Secretary General of held a speech in remembrance of the 92nd anniversary of Armenian genocide by the Ottoman Turks. The speech was given in Georgia State Capitol building addressing Armenian Americans, Senators, Congressmen, sheriffs, Judges and representatives of Mayor of Atlanta, and Georgia State Governor.[20][21] |
References
- ^ Henry H. Riggs, Days of Tragedy in Armenia: Personal Experiences in Harpoot, page 158, 1997.
- ^ a b "Outstanding Kurdish Politician Bearing Witness of the Armenian Genocide". ekurd.net. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
- ^ Belçim Galip, Özlem (24 December 2016). "The Politics of Remembering: Representation of the Armenian Genocide in Kurdish Novels". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 30 (3): 458–487. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcw063.
- ^ Vahakn N. Dadrian, The Naim-Andonian Documents on the World War I Destruction of Ottoman Armenians: The Anatomy of a Genocide, International Journal of Middle East Studies, pp.311-360, Vol.18, 1986, p.333
- ^ Kévorkian, Raymond (2011). The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 810. ISBN 978-0-85771-930-0.
The major role played by "the" Kurds, which is stressed by Turkish historiography and also by many Western scholars, turns out, upon examination, to be much less clear-cut than has been affirmed. Indeed, it comes down to the active participation of nomadic Kurdish tribes and only rarely involves sedentary villagers, who were encouraged by the Special Organization to take what they could from deportees already stripped of their most valuable assets. There can be no doubt that Turkish historiography ultimately contaminated independent scholars who were not necessarily in a position to assess the accuracy of this dogma that had its practical uses for those seeking to shake off the burden of a violent past at the expense of a group that is itself stigmatized in our day.
- ^ Galip, Özlem Belçim (2020). New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State. Springer International Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 978-3-030-59400-8.
- ^ Kurdish CHAK welcomes the recognition of genocide against the Armenian people
- ^ Armenian Genocide: Turkey To Target
- ^ CHAK articles regarding the Armenian Genocide
- ^ http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/10672641.asp?scr=1 Turkey's pro-Kurdish party leader apologized on Tuesday to Assyrian as well Armenians for the 1915 incidents.
- ^ "Demirtaş: Turkey Must Face the Armenian Genocide". hdp.org.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-03-30.
- ^ "Turkish Intellectuals Who Have Recognized The Armenian Genocide: Ahmet Türk • MassisPost". MassisPost. 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
- ^ http://www.xoybun.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=674 ŞERÊ CÎHANÊ YÊ YEKEMÎN (1914–1918) PEYMANA SEWRÊ YA AŞTIYÊ
- ^ America, Armenian Assembly of (2017-09-26). "Armenian Assembly Salutes Referendum and Results in Iraqi Kurdistan". Armenian Assembly of America. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
- ^ "PKK Chairman's letter to Kocharian". Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ "Ocalan: Turkey, World Should Recognize Armenian Genocide". The Armenian Weekly. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ^ Kurdish Council of Armenia Pres.: Turkey still committing genocide[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "The Kurdish Parliament in Exile recognizes the Armenian genocide". Archived from the original on 2017-03-08. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ "Kurds Apologize For Complicity in Armenian Genocide". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ Kurds and Armenian Genocide (youtube)
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-15. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Further reading
- Halstead, Huw (2021). "'We did commit these crimes': Post-Ottoman solidarities, contested places and Kurdish apology for the Armenian Genocide on Web 2.0". Memory Studies. 14 (3): 634–649. doi:10.1177/17506980211010933. hdl:10023/23469. S2CID 235381347.