Tonkawa Massacre

Quercus Vulcanica located in Isparta Province, Turkey

Quercus vulcanica is a species of flowering plant in the Fagaceae family.[2] It is referred to by the common name Kasnak oak, and is a rare species of tree native to Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey.[3][4] It is placed in section Quercus.[5]

Quercus vulcanica is highly valued in its native region as a source of lumber and also as an ornamental. It is a large tree up to 33 metres (108 feet) tall, with a trunk sometimes attaining 150 centimetres (59 inches) in diameter. The bark is gray and fissured. The leaves are up to 16 cm (6+14 in) long, egg-shaped with deep lobes, green on the top but yellow-green on the underside.[6][7]

References

  1. ^ Stephan, J. (2018). "Quercus vulcanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T194246A2305898. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T194246A2305898.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Quercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy". World Flora Online. The World Flora Online Consortium. n.d. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  3. ^ "Quercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  4. ^ Encyclopedia of Life
  5. ^ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
  6. ^ Dutkuner, I., & M. Genç. 2001. Kasnak Oak (Quercus vulcanica Boiss. and Heldr. ex Kotschy) Its botanical and silvicultural properties and some suggestions to protect and extend its habitat.
  7. ^ Kotschy, Carl Georg Theodor 1860. Die Eichen Europa's und des Orient's plate 18

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