Battle of Locust Grove

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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded annually by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute to scientists who have made outstanding contributions in Biology.[1] It is one of the five Nobel Prizes which were established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895.[2]

Every year, the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine sends out forms, which amount to a personal and exclusive invitation, to about three thousand selected individuals to invite them to submit nominations. The names of the nominees are never publicly announced, and neither are they told that they have been considered for the Prize. Nomination records are strictly sealed for fifty years. However, the nominations for the years 1901 to 1953 are publicly available yet. Despite the annual sending of invitations, the prize was not awarded in nine years (1915-1918, 1921, 1925, 1940–1942) and have been delayed for a year five times (1919, 1922, 1926, 1938, 1943).

From 1901 to 1953, 935 scientists were nominated for the prize, 63 of which were awarded either jointly or individually. 19 more scientists from these nominees were awarded after 1953. Of the 13 women nominees, only G.Th.Cori was awarded the prize. Besides some scientists from these nominees won the prizes in other fields (including years after 1953): J.Boyd Orr - Peace Prize (1949); L.C.Pauling twice - in Chemistry (1954) and Peace Prize (1962); 3 - in Physics and 20 - in Chemistry (including Fr.Sanger twice - in 1958 and 1980).

In addition, nominations of 65 scientists (including one woman) more were declared invalid by the Nobel Committee.

Nominees by their first nomination

1901–1909

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes[3]
1901
Emil von Behring[a] 15 March 1854
Hansdorf, German Confederation
31 March 1917
Marburg, German Empire
1901, 1902[4] Won the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[b] (id=9720)
Kitasato Shibasaburō 29 January 1853
Oguni, Kumamoto, Japan
13 June 1931
Tokyo, Japan
1901 Nominated jointly[c] with Emil von Behring by Árp.Bókay the only time
First Asian nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (id=4874)
Ronald Ross[d] 13 May 1857
Almora, Uttarakhand, India
16 September 1932
London, United Kingdom
1901, 1902, 1904 Won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[e] (id=7892)
Niels Ryberg Finsen[f] 15 December 1860
Tórshavn, Danish Realm
24 September 1904
Copenhagen, Denmark
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[g] (id=3015)
Ivan Pavlov[h] 26 September 1849
Ryazan, Russian Empire
27 February 1936
Leningrad, Russia
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905,[5]

1925, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1934,[6] 1937[7]
Won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[i] (id=7055)
Robert Koch[j] 11 December 1843
Clausthal, German Confederation
27 May 1910
Baden-Baden, German Empire
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 Won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[k] (id=4941)
Santiago Ramón y Cajal[l] 1 May 1852
Petilla de Aragón, Spain
17 October 1934
Madrid, Spain
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 (id=7547)

Shared the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[m]

(id=3527)
Camillo Golgi[n] 7 July 1843
Corteno Golgi, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
21 January 1926
Pavia, Kingdom of Italy
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907[8]
Giuseppe Muscatello[o] 10 November 1866
Augusta, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2 August 1951
Catania, Italy
1901 Nominated with C.Golgi by Fr.D.von Recklinghausen the only time (id=6536)
Alphonse Laveran[p] 18 June 1845
Paris, France
18 May 1922
Paris, France
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908 Won the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[q] (id=5279)
Élie Metchnikoff[r] 16 May 1845
Ivanovka, Russian Empire
15 July 1916
Paris, France
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 (id=6214)



Shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[s]



(id=2713)
P.Ehrlich was nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.[t]
Paul Ehrlich[u] 14 March 1854
Strehlen, German Confederation
20 August 1915
Bad Homburg, German Empire
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909,

1912, 1913
Emil Algot Holmgren[v] 14 May 1866
Stockholm, Sweden
22 October 1922
Stockholm, Sweden
1901 (id=4276)

Nominated jointly by W.Flemming the only time

(id=1365)
Ivar Broman[w] 18 September 1868
Hörby, Sweden
11 May 1946
Lund, Sweden
Eduard Lang[x] 1 May 1841
Kľúčové, Slovakia
9 June 1916
Reichenau an der Rax, Austria-Hungary
1901 Nominated by Roberto Campana (5.8.1844 Teramo - 13.1.1919 Rome) (id=1560) the only time[y] (id=5211)
Wilhelm Camerer[z] 17 October 1842
Stuttgart, German Confederation
25 March 1910
Bad Urach, German Empire
1901 Nominated by Otto Heubner the only time (id=1554)
Gustav von Hüfner[aa] 13 May 1840
Bad Köstritz, German Confederation
14 March 1908
Tübingen, German Empire
1901 Nominated by Osw.Schmiedeberg the only time (id=4406)
Albrecht Heinr 24 July 1866
Vienna, Austrian Empire
28 June 1922
Vienna, Austria
1901 (id=4014)

Jointly[ab] nominated only.

(id=3412)
Anton Ghon 1 January 1866
Villach, Austrian Empire
23 April 1936
Prague, Czechia
Richard Thoma[ac] December 11, 1847
Bonndorf im Schwarzwald, German Confederation
November 26, 1923
Heidelberg, Weimar Germany
1901 Nominated by L.Schrötter R.von Kristelli the only time (id=9224)
Vilmos Schulek[ad] 21 April 1843
Pest, Kingdom of Hungary
13 March 1905
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
1901 (id=9858)
Josef von Fodor[ae] 16 July 1843
Lakócsa, Kingdom of Hungary
20 March 1901
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
1901 Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=9752)
Endre Hőgyes[af] 30 November 1847
Hajdúszoboszló, Kingdom of Hungary
8 September 1906
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
1901, 1902[9] (id=4427)
Carl Gegenbaur[ag] 21 August 1826
Würzburg, German Confederation
14 June 1903
Heidelberg, German Empire
1901, 1902 (id=3371)
Rudolph Virchow[ah] 13 October 1821
Schivelbein, German Confederation
5 September 1902
Berlin, German Empire
1901, 1902, 1903[10] (id=9665)
Carl von Voit[ai] 31 October 1831
Amberg, German Confederation
31 January 1908
Munich, German Empire
1901, 1902, 1903,[11] 1906[12] (id=9883)
Lyder Borthen[aj] 4 May 1849
Trondheim, Norway
8 December 1924
Trondheim, Norway
1901, 1903 (id=1192)
Bernhard Bang[ak] 7 June 1848
Sorø, Denmark
22 June 1932
Copenhagen, Denmark
1901, 1903 (id=677)
Wilhelm His Sr.[al] 9 July 1831
Basel, Switzerland
1 May 1904
Leipzig, German Empire
1901, 1904 (id=4219)
Albert von Kölliker[am] 6 July 1817
Zürich, Switzerland
2 November 1905
Würzburg, German Empire
1901, 1905 (id=9804)
Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann[an] 14 November 1843
Leipzig, German Confederation
20 May 1909
Berlin, German Empire
1901, 1902, 1903,[13] 1906 (id=2797)
Alexandre Yersin[ao] 22 September 1863
Aubonne, Switzerland
1 March 1943
Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
1901, 1902,[9] 1904, 1908 (id=10347)
Joseph Lister[ap] 5 April 1827
Newham, West Ham, United Kingdom
10 February 1912
Walmer, England
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1907,[14] 1909, 1910[15] (id=5539)
Charles Jacques Bouchard[aq] 6 September 1837
Haute-Marne, France
28 October 1915
Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France
1901, 1904, 1905,[16] 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915,[17] 1916[18] (id=1217)
Gustaf Retzius[ar] 17 October 1842
Stockholm, Sweden
21 July 1919
Stockholm, Sweden
1901, 1902, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916 (id=7668)
Patrick Manson[as] 3 October 1844
Oldmeldrum, United Kingdom
9 April 1922
London, United Kingdom
1901, 1902,[19] 1904, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1921 (id=5881)
Henry Head[at] 4 August 1861
Stoke Newington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
8 October 1940
Reading, England
1901, 1919, 1920, 1921 (id=3967)
Jacques Loeb[au] 7 April 1859
Mayen, German Confederation
11 February 1924
Hamilton, Bermuda British Empire
1901, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918,[20] 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924 (id=5571)
Giuseppe Bastianelli 25 October 1862
Rome, Papal States
30 March 1959
Rome, Italy
1901, 1902,[21] 1905[22] (id=738)

Nominated jointly[av] with G.B.Grassi only.

(id=1004)
Amico Bignami 15 April 1862
Bologna, Kingdom of Italy
8 September 1929
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Giovanni Battista Grassi[aw] 27 March 1854
Rovellasca, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
4 May 1925
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905,[22] 1907, 1910,[23] 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1925 (id=3615)
John Newport Langley[ax] 2 November 1852
Newbury, United Kingdom
5 November 1925
Cambridge, England
1901, 1905, 1907, 1908, 1910,[24] 1911, 1912, 1914, 1916,[25] 1918, 1919, 1920, 1924, 1925 (id=5226)
Émile Roux[ay] 17 December 1853
Confolens, France
3 November 1933
Paris, France
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915,[26] 1916, 1917,[27] 1919, 1920,[28] 1921, 1922,[29] 1923, 1924, 1925, 1932 (id=7930)
Alexander von Korányi[az] 18 June 1866
Pest, Kingdom of Hungary
12 April 1944
Budapest, Hungary
1901, 1902,[9]

1931, 1937
(id=9797)
1902
Albrecht Kossel[ba] 16 September 1853
Rostock, German Confederation
5 July 1927
Heidelberg, Weimar Germany
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1909, 1910 Won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[bb] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too. (id=4995)
Jules Bordet[bc] 13 June 1870
Soignies, Belgium
6 April 1961
Brussels, Belgium
1902, 1905,[30] 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921[31] Won the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine a year later[bd] (id=1172)
Charles Scott Sherrington[be] 27 November 1857
Islington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
4 March 1952
Eastbourne, Sussex, England
1902, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932 Shared the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[bf] with Edgar Adrian (id=8493)
Eduard Buchner[bg] 20 May 1860
Munich, German Confederation
13 August 1917
Focșani, Romania
1902, 1904, 1906[32]



Won the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[bh] (id=1428)
Alexandre Desgrez 15 July 1863
Bannes, France
20 January 1940
Mennecy, France
1902[bi] (id=2391)



(id=667)

Nominated by Ch.J.Bouchard the only time

(id=7214)
Victor Balthazard 1852 (1872?)
Paris, France
24 December 1950
Ciboure, France
Césaire Phisalix[bj] 8 October 1852
Mouthier-Haute-Pierre, France
16 March 1906
Paris, France
1902
James Israel February 2, 1848
Berlin, German Confederation
February 2, 1926
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1902 (id=4492)

Nominated jointly[bk] by Oscar Wyss-Kienast (17 August 1840, Dietikon - 1 May 1918, Zürich)(id=10336) the only time

(id=5053)
Rudolf Ulrich Krönlein 19 February 1847
Stein am Rhein, Switzerland
26 October 1910
Zürich, Switzerland
Richard Geeff[bl] June 18, 1862
Elberfeld, German Confederation
November 4, 1938
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1902[33] Nominated by Schweiger the only time
Domenico Lo Monaco July 31, 1863
Bagheria, Kingdom of Italy
April 19, 1930
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
1902[bm] (id=5551)



Nominated by L.Luciani the only time[21]
Luigi Panichi Italy Italy
Antonio Dionisi[bn] 29 April 1866
19 September 1931 1902
Eduard Pflüger[bo] 7 June 1829
Hanau, German Confederation
16 March 1910
Bonn, German Empire
1902, 1903,[11] 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907,[34] 1908, 1909, 1910 (id=7204)
Carl Rabl[bp] 2 May 1853
Wels, Austrian Empire
24 December 1917
Leipzig, German Empire
1902, 1905, 1910 Nominated by H.Chiari only (id=7514)
Ernst Haeckel[bq] 16 February 1834
Potsdam, German Confederation
9 August 1919
Jena, Weimar Germany
1902, 1905, 1908, 1913 (id=3770)
Friedrich Loeffler[br] 24 June 1852
Frankfurt an der Oder, German Confederation
9 April 1915
Berlin, German Empire
1902, 1909, 1913, 1915 (id=5731 id=5577)
Oswald Schmiedeberg[bs] 10 October 1838
Talsi, Russian Empire
12 July 1921
Baden-Baden, Weimar Germany
1902, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920 (id=8213)
Carl von Hess[bt] 7 March 1863
Mainz, German Confederation
28 June 1923
Pöcking, Weimar Germany
1902, 1919, 1921, 1923[35] (id=4125 id=9780)
Oscar Hertwig[bu] 21 April 1849
Friedberg, German Confederation
25 October 1922
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1902, 1904, 1906, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1920, 1922 (id=4107)
Ernest Overton[bv] 25 February 1865
Stretton, Cheshire, United Kingdom
27 January 1933
Lund, Sweden
1902, 1903, 1905,[36] 1906, 1912, 1914,[37] 1923 (id=6926)
Felix Jacob Marchand[bw] 22 October 1846
Halle (Saale), German Confederation
4 February 1928
Leipzig, Weimar Germany
1902, 1903,[11] 1911, 1912, 1913,[38] 1918, 1921, 1922,[39] 1923 (id=5891)
Max Rubner[bx] 2 June 1854
Munich, German Confederation
27 April 1932
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1902, 1903,[11] 1904,[40] 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1924,[41] 1925, 1926,[42] 1928, 1930[43] (id=7951)
Georges-Fernand Widal[by] 9 March 1862
Dellys, French Algeria
14 January 1929
Paris, France
1902, 1905, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924,[44] 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929 (id=10147)
Ferdinand Hueppe[bz] 24 August 1852
Neuwied, German Confederation
15 September 1938
Dresden, Nazi Germany
1902, 1930 (id=4348)
Richard Pfeiffer[ca] 27 March 1858
Zduny, German Confederation
15 September 1945
Bad Landeck, Niederschlesien, now Poland
1902, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1919, 1923, 1924,[45] 1926, 1927,[46] 1930, 1931[47] (id=7201)
Joseph von Mering 28 February 1849
Cologne, German Confederation
5 January 1908
Halle (Saale), German Empire
1902, 1903,[48] 1906 Nominated jointly with O.Minkowski only[cb](id=9823)
Oskar Minkowski[cc] 13 January 1858
Aleksotas, Russian Empire
18 June 1931
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Weimar Germany
1902, 1903,[48] 1906, 1912, 1914, 1924, 1925, 1927,[49] 1928, 1929, 1932 (id=6304)
Max von Gruber[cd] 6 July 1853
Vienna, Austrian Empire
16 September 1927
Berchtesgaden, Weimar Germany
1902, 1903, 1907, 1910 (id=3673)
1903
Herbert Durham 30 March 1866
London, United Kingdom
25 October 1945
Cambridge, England
1903 Nominated jointly[ce] with M.von Gruber by R.Ross the only time (id=2615)
Eugène Koeberlé[cf] 4 January 1828
Sélestat, France
13 June 1915
Strasbourg, Alsace, German Empire
1903 Nominated by P.Zweifel the only time (id=5117)
Magnus Blix 25 December 1849
Säbrå, Sweden
14 February 1904
Lund, Sweden
1903 (id=1076)

Nominated jointly[cg] by G.P.Al.von Bunge the only time

(id=3515)
Alfred Goldscheider 4 August 1858
Sommerfeld, German Confederation
10 April 1935
Berlin, Nazi Germany
Gustav Wilhelm Wolff[ch] 14 November 1834
Hamburg, German Confederation
17 April 1913
London, United Kingdom
1903 Nominated by J.Kollmann the only time (id=10290)
Peter Dettweiler[ci] 4 August 1837
Wintersheim, German Confederation
12 January 1904
Kronberg im Taunus, German Empire
1903 Nominated by H.Curschmann the only time (id=2402)
Andrés Martínez Vargas[cj] October 27, 1861
Barbastro, Spain
July 26, 1948
Barcelona, Spain
1903[50]
Self-nominations
Zaharia (U.) Samfirescu[ck] ? April 8, 1905
Iași, Romania
1903[51]
Ludwig Wille[cl] March 30, 1834
Buchdorf, German Confederation
December 6, 1912
Basel, Switzerland
1903[52]
Karl Weigert[cm] March 19, 1845
Münsterberg, German Confederation
August 5, 1904
Frankfurt, German Empire
1903[53] Nominated by L.Laqueur only
Theodor Leber[cn] February 29, 1840
Karlsruhe, German Confederation
April 7, 1917
Heidelberg, German Empire
1903,[53] 1908[54]
Étienne-Jules Marey[co] 5 March 1830
Beaune, France
15 May 1904
Paris, France
1903, 1904 (id=5907)
Walter Reed[cp] 13 September 1851
Belroi, Virginia, United States
22 November 1902
Washington, D.C., United States
1903, 1905,[55] 1906 First North American nominated (posthumously) for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (id=7613)
Louis Willems[cq] 25 April 1822
Hasselt, Belgium
21 January 1907
Hasselt, Belgium
1903, 1907 Nominated by Ern.Masoin only (id=10203)
James Carrol[cr] 5 June 1854
London, United Kingdom
16 September 1907
Washington, D.C., United States
1903, 1905,[22] 1906, 1907, 1908[56] (id=1627)
Gerhard Armauer Hansen[cs] 29 July 1841
Bergen, Norway
12 February 1912
Florø, Norway
1903, 1908, 1911 (id=9622)
Max Verworn[ct] 4 November 1863
Berlin, German Confederation
23 November 1921
Bonn, Weimar Germany
1903, 1906, 1913, 1914, 1915,[57] (id=9622)
Auguste Chauveau[cu] 21 November 1827
Villeneuve-la-Guyard, France
4 January 1917
Paris, France
1903, 1904, 1905, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1916 (id=1751)
Aristides Agramonte[cv] 3 June 1868
Camaguey, Spanish West Indies
19 August 1931
New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
1903, 1905,[22] 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917 (id=334)
Ernst Alexander Homén[cw] 14 September 1851
Pieksämäki, Russian Empire
12 December 1926
Helsinki, Finland
1903, 1919 (id=4291)
1904
Charles Richet[cx] 26 August 1850
Paris, France
4 December 1935
Paris, France
1904, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914,[58]

1929
Won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[cy] and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize[cz] too. (id=7718)
Jules Héricourt 1850
France
1938
France
1904 Nominated jointly[da] with Ch.R.Richet by Louis Moreau (id=6408) the only time (id=4074)
István Apáthy[db] 4 January 1863
Pest, Kingdom of Hungary
27 September 1922
Szeged, Hungary
1903,[59] 1904, 1909[60] (id=462)
William Williams Keen[dc] 19 January 1837
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
7 June 1932
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
1904 Nominated by Edward Parker Davis (1856-1937) (id=2165 id=6997) the only time (id=4755)
Ernst von Bergmann[dd] 16 December 1836
Riga, Russian Empire
25 March 1907
Wiesbaden, German Empire
1904 Nominated by V.Czerny the only time (id=9723)
Paulet Chauveau
(probably Vincent Paulet)
November 9, 1828
Montpellier, France
April 14, 1906
Montpellier, France
1904 (id=1752)
Pierre Marie Augustin Charpentier[de] 15 June 1852
France
4 August 1916
France
1904 (id=1733)
Hector Cristiani[df] 15 December 1862
Trieste, Austrian Empire
30 October 1940
Geneva, Switzerland
1904, 1909[61] Nominated by A.Ch.Fr.Eternod only (id=2025)
Ernst Schulze[dg] July 31, 1840
Bovenden, German Confederation
June 15, 1912
Zürich, Switzerland
1904[62] Nominated by Adam Josef Kunkel (27.11.1848 Lohr am Main - 20.8.1905 Ammerland am Starnberger See) from Würzburg the only time
Onofrio Abbate[dh] February 29, 1824
Palermo, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
October 11, 1915
Cairo, Sultanate of Egypt
1904[63] Self-nomination
César Roux[di] 23 March 1857
Mont-la-Ville, Switzerland
21 December 1934
Lausanne, Switzerland
1904, 1905 (id=7927)
Eduard Hitzig[dj] 6 February 1838
Berlin, German Confederation
20 August 1907
Sankt Blasien, German Empire
1904, 1905, 1906 (id=4223)
William Gowers[dk] 20 March 1845
London, United Kingdom
4 May 1915
London, England
1904, 1905, 1912 (id=3582)
Angelo Celli[dl] 25 March 1857
Cagli, Papal States
2 November 1914
Monza, Kingdom of Italy
1903,[21] 1904, 1907, 1912, 1913,[64] (id=1682)
Hugo Sellheim[dm] 28 December 1871
Biblis, German Empire
22 April 1936
Leipzig, Nazi Germany
1904, 1927 (id=8393)
David Bruce[dn] 29 May 1855
Melbourne, Australia
27 November 1931
London, United Kingdom
1904, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1921, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932 (id=1385)
Adolf Lorenz[do] 21 April 1854
Weidenau, Austrian Empire
12 February 1946
Sankt Andrä-Wördern, Austria
1904, 1913,[38] 1924, 1925, 1926, 1932, 1933 (id=5637)
Karl Koller[dp] 3 December 1857
Schüttenhofen, Austrian Empire
21 March 1944
New York, United States
1904, 1908, 1913, 1931, 1937 (id=4969)
1905
Ernst Abbe[dq] 23 January 1840
Eisenach, German Confederation
14 January 1905
Jena, German Empire


1905, 1906[65]
Died before the only chance to be rewarded
but nominated earlier for Nobel Prize in Physics too.

(id=276)
Sergei Tchiriew[dr] February 20, 1850
Vitebsk, Russian Empire
1915
Kyiv, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire
1905, 1910,[66] (id=9024)
Herman Snellen[ds] February 19, 1834
Zeist, Netherlands
January 18, 1908
Utrecht, Netherlands
1905[67] Nominated by Francesco Falchi (28.2.1848 Chiaramonti - 1946 Sassari)(id=2905) the only time
Paul Brouardel February 13, 1837
Saint-Quentin, Aisne, France
July 23, 1906
Paris, France
1905[68] Nominated by A.N.Gilbert the only time
N.Tschistowitsch



or F.Tschistowitsch
December 14, 1860
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
March 29, 1926
Leningrad,
Russia
1905[30] Nominated with J.J.B.V.Bordet by G.Hauser the only time
February 1, 1870
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
October 24, 1942
Novosibirsk,
Russia
Émile Charles Achard[dt] 24 July 1860
Paris, France
7 August 1944
Versailles, France
1905, 1906, 1932[69] (id=296)
Cesare Lombroso[du] 6 November 1835
Verona, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
19 October 1909
Turin, Kingdom of Italy
1905, 1907, 1908, 1909 (id=5591)
Giulio Vassale[dv] 22 June 1862
Lerici, Kingdom of Italy
3 January 1913
Modena, Kingdom of Italy
1905, 1906, 1907,[70] 1911 (id=9570)
Edoardo Bassini[dw] 14 April 1844
Pavia, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
19 July 1924
Padua, Kingdom of Italy
1905, 1913, 1914, 1925[71] (id=737)
Henry Rose Carter[dx] 25 August 1852
Caroline County, Virginia, United States
14 September 1925
Washington, D.C., United States
1905, 1906, 1907 Nominated jointly with C.Finlay only (id=1630 id=1629)
Carlos Finlay[dy] 3 December 1833
Camaguey, Spanish West Indies
20 August 1915
Havana, Cuba
1905, 1906, 1907, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915 (id=3011)
Franz Hofmeister[dz] 30 August 1850
Prague, Austrian Empire
26 July 1922
Würzburg, Weimar Germany
1903,[11] 1905, 1906,[12] 1909, 1912,[72] 1914, 1919, 1922[73] (id=4259)
Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval[ea] 8 June 1851
La Porcherie, France
31 December 1940
Solignac, France
1905, 1910, 1913,[74] 1914, 1916, 1934, 1936 (id=2645)
Aldo Castellani[eb] 8 September 1874
Florence, Kingdom of Italy
3 October 1971
Lisbon, Portugal
1905, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1920, 1921, 1927,[75] 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1941, 1953 (id=1653)
1906
Wilhelm Röntgen[ec] 27 March 1845
Remscheid, German Confederation
10 February 1923
Munich, Weimar Germany


1906, 1909, 1910, 1919, 1922
Won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics.[ed] (id=8006)

Gottlieb Burckhardt[ee] 24 December 1836
Basel, Switzerland
6 February 1907
Basel, Switzerland
1906 (id=1456)
Jesse William Lazear[ef] 2 May 1866
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
25 September 1900
Havana, Cuba
1906 Nominated posthumously. (id=5295)
Wilbur Olin Atwater[eg] 3 May 1844
Johnsburg, New York, United States
22 September 1907
Middletown, Connecticut, United States
1906 (id=552)
Leopold Freund[eh] 5 April 1868
Prague, Austria-Hungary
7 January 1943
Brussels, Belgium
1906 (id=3215)
John Beard[ei] 11 November 1858
Heaton Norris, United Kingdom
24 November 1924
Lancashire, England
1906 (id=784)
Ernst Viktor von Leyden[ej] 20 April 1832
Danzig, German Confederation
5 October 1910
Berlin, German Empire
1906, 1907[8] (id=9811)
Fritz Schaudinn[ek] 19 September 1871
Röseningken, German Empire
22 June 1906
Hamburg, German Empire
1906, 1907, 1909 Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=8144)
Guido Tizzoni[el] 10 January 1853
Pisa, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4 September 1932
Pisa, Kingdom of Italy
1906, 1910, 1911[76] (id=9286)
Victor Hensen[em] 10 February 1835
Schleswig, Duchy of Schleswig
5 April 1924
Kiel, Weimar Germany
1906, 1910, 1912 (id=4068)
Albert Neisser[en] 22 January 1855
Schweidnitz, German Confederation
30 July 1916
Breslau, German Empire
1906, 1908, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916 (id=6640)
Almroth Wright[eo] 10 August 1861
Middleton Tyas, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
30 April 1947
Farnham Common, Buckinghamshire, England
1906, 1907, 1910, 1912, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1919, 1925 (id=10321)
August Bier[ep] 24 November 1861
Arolsen, German Confederation
12 March 1949
Rietz-Neuendorf, Germany
1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1931, 1934, 1936 (id=1001)
1907
Emil Theodor Kocher[eq] 25 August 1841
Bern, Switzerland
27 July 1917
Bern, Switzerland
1907, 1909, 1910, 1911[77] Won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[er] (id=4944)
Ernst Leopold Salkowski[es] October 11, 1844
Königsberg, German Confederation
March 8, 1923
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1903,[48] 1907 (id=8057)
Carl Röse[et] April 17, 1864
Clingen, German Confederation
March 9, 1947
Gebesee, Germany
1907 (id=8008)
Anton Dohrn[eu] 29 December 1840
Stettin, German Confederation
26 September 1909
Munich, German Empire
1907 (id=2480)
Otto von Schrön[ev] 7 September 1837
Hof, German Confederation
13 May 1917
Naples, Kingdom of Italy
1907 (id=9857)
Augustus Desiré Waller[ew] July 12, 1856
Paris, France
March 11, 1922
London, England
1907,[78] 1922[79]
Waldemar Haffkine[ex] 15 March 1860
Odesa, Russian Empire
26 October 1930
Lausanne, Switzerland
1902,[9] 1907, 1908 (id=3771)
Christian Bohr[ey] 14 February 1855
Copenhagen, Denmark
3 February 1911
Copenhagen, Denmark
1907, 1908 (id=1116)
Olof Hammarsten[ez] August 21, 1841
Norrköping, Sweden
September 21, 1932
Uppsala, Sweden
1907, 1910, 1911,[80] 1912, 1913 (id=3849)
Nominated for Nobel prize in Chemistry too (id=3848)
Ivan M Dogiel[fa] March 19, 1830
Zales'e, Russian Empire
August 29, 1916
Kazan, Russian Empire
1907, 1914 (id=2475 id=2476)
Wilhelm Wundt[fb] 16 August 1832
Mannheim, German Confederation
31 August 1920
Großbothen, Leipzig, Weimar Germany
1907, 1909, 1912,[81] 1916 (id=10328)
Vincenz Czerny[fc] 19 November 1842
Trautenau, Austrian Empire
3 October 1916
Heidelberg, German Empire
1907, 1913, 1917 (id=2080)
Hugo de Vries[fd] 16 February 1848
Haarlem, Netherlands
21 May 1935
Lunteren, Netherlands
1907, 1930 (id=2309)
Camille Delezenne[fe] 10 June 1868
Genech, France
7 July 1932
Paris, France
1907, 1920,[82] 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926, 1931 (id=2353)
Albert Calmette[ff] 12 July 1863
Nice, France
29 October 1933
Paris, France
1907, 1908,[83] 1911, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934 (id=1548)
Erich Hoffmann[fg] 25 April 1868
Witzmitz, German Confederation
8 May 1959
Bonn, Germany
1907, 1910, 1936 (id=4247)
Leonard Rogers[fh] 18 January 1868
Helston, Cornwall, United Kingdom
16 September 1962
Truro, Cornwall, England
1907, 1917, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1940 (id=7811)
1908
Emil Fischer[fi] 9 October 1852
Euskirchen, German Confederation
15 July 1919
Berlin, Weimar Germany


1903,[11] 1908, 1909, 1910, 1915, 1919
Won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[fj] (id=3022)

Angelo Mosso[fk] 30 May 1846
Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia
24 November 1910
Turin, Kingdom of Italy
1906,[84] 1908 (id=6463)
Oskar Langendorff[fl] 1 February 1853
Breslau, German Confederation
10 May 1908
Rostock, German Empire
1908 Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=5221)
Arthur von Hippel[fm] October 24, 1841
Fischhausen, German Confederation
October 26, 1916
Göttingen, German Empire
1908[85] Nominated by Ad.Vossius the only time
M.V.Galtier[fn] October 15, 1846
Langogne, France
April 24, 1908
La Mulatière, France
1908[86] Nominated by M.Bouley from Paris the only time
but died before the only chance to be rewarded
Carlo Ruata[fo] June 25, 1849
Montaldo Roero, Kingdom of Sardinia
March 8, 1918
Perugia, Kingdom of Italy
1908[87] Self-nomination
Victor Horsley[fp] 14 April 1857
Kensington, London, United Kingdom
16 July 1916
Amarah, Ottoman Iraq
1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1913 (id=4308)
Guido Baccelli[fq] November 25, 1830
Rome, Papal States
January 10, 1916
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
1905,[88] 1906,[89] 1908, 1910, 1911,[90] 1912, 1913, 1914,[91] (id=599)
Ewald Hering[fr] 5 August 1834
Gersdorf, German Confederation
26 January 1918
Leipzig, German Empire
1908, 1909, 1911, 1912,[92] 1913, 1914,[93] 1915, 1916, 1917 (id=4075)
Franz E. C. Neumann[fs] 30 January 1834
Königsberg, German Confederation
6 March 1918
Königsberg, German Empire
1908, 1909, 1917 (id=6664)
Carl Ludwig Schleich[ft] 19 July 1859
Stettin, German Confederation
7 March 1922
Bad Saarow, Weimar Germany
1908, 1913, 1915, 1920 (id=8183)
Wilhelm Roux[fu] 9 June 1850
Jena, German Confederation
15 September 1924
Halle (Saale), Weimar Germany
1908, 1909, 1910,[94] 1911, 1913, 1914,[95] 1915,[96] 1916, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 (id=7934)
Jacques-Louis Reverdin[fv] 28 August 1842
Cologny, Switzerland
9 January 1929
Pregny-Chambésy, Switzerland
1908, 1913, 1920,[97] 1925 (id=7676)
Theobald Smith[fw] 31 July 1859
Albany, New York, United States
10 December 1934
New York, United States
1908, 1909, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915,[98] 1916, 1917, 1918,[99] 1920,[100] 1921, 1922,[101] 1923, 1925, 1926,[102] 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934 (id=8621)
1909
Allvar Gullstrand[fx] June 5, 1862
Landskrona, Sweden
July 28, 1930
Stockholm, Sweden
1909, 1911, 1912 Won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[fy]
and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too (id=3717)
David Ferrier[fz] January 13, 1843
Woodside, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
March 19, 1928
London, United Kingdom
1909 (id=2967)
Julius Kollmann February 24, 1834
Holzheim am Forst, German Confederation
June 24, 1918
Basel, Switzerland
1909 (id=4971)

Nominated jointly by A.Rauber the only time[ga]

(id=8278)
Gustav Albert Schwalbe August 1, 1844
Quedlinburg, German Confederation
April 23, 1916
Strasbourg, German Empire
Richard Hertwig 23 September 1850
Friedberg, German Confederation
3 October 1937
Schlederloh, Nazi Germany
1909 Nominated jointly[gb] with O.Hertwig by A.Rauber the only time (id=4109)
Theodor Boveri[gc] October 12, 1862
Bamberg, German Confederation
October 15, 1915
Würzburg, German Empire
1909 (id=1249)

Nominated jointly[gd] with J.Loeb by A.Rauber the only time

(id=10058)
August Weismann January 17, 1834
Free City of Frankfurt, German Confederation
November 5, 1914
Freiburg im Breisgau, German Empire
John Collins Warren Jr.[ge] May 4, 1842
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
November 3, 1927
1909 Nominated by R.Park the only time (id=9991)
Antonin Poncet[gf] March 28, 1849
Saint-Trivier-sur-Moignans, France
September 16, 1913
Culoz, France
1909 Nominated by Emile Laget (id=5156) the only time (id=7334)
Karl von Bardeleben[gg] March 7, 1849
Giessen, German Confederation
December 19, 1919
Jena, Weimar Germany
1909[61] Nominated with Hector Cristiani (id=2025) by A.Ch.Fr.Eternod the only time
Demosthenes ?
?
1909[103] Self-nomination
Luigi Luciani[gh] November 23, 1842
Ascoli Piceno, Papal States
June 23, 1919
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
1909, 1913, 1914, 1916,[104] 1918,[105] 1919[106] (id=5680)
William C. Gorgas[gi] October 3, 1854
Toulminville, Alabama, United States
July 3, 1920
London, United Kingdom
1909, 1914, 1915, 1916,[107] 1918,[108] 1919 (id=3555)
Heinrich Quincke[gj] August 26, 1842
Frankfurt an der Oder, German Confederation
May 19, 1922
Frankfurt am Main, Weimar Germany
1909, 1910, 1911,[109] 1912, 1913, 1914,[110] 1918, 1919, 1920, 1922 (id=7507)
Carl Flügge[gk] September 12, 1847
Hanover, German Confederation
December 10, 1923
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1909, 1911,[111] 1914, 1919,[112] 1920, 1922 (id=3076)
Emil Kraepelin[gl] February 15, 1856
Neustrelitz, German Confederation
October 7, 1926
Munich, Weimar Germany
1909, 1911, 1917, 1918,[113] 1923, 1925, 1926 (id=5016)

1910–1919

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes[3]
1910
Robert Bárány[gm] April 22, 1876
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
April 8, 1936
Uppsala, Sweden
1910, 1913, 1914 Won the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine a year later[gn] (id=686)
Henri Huchard[go] April 4, 1844
Auxon, Aube, France
December 1, 1910
Clamart, France
1909,[114] 1910 (id=4342)
Octave Gengou February 27, 1875
Ouffet, Belgium
April 25, 1957
Brussels, Belgium
1910 Nominated jointly[gp] with J.Bordet by Ph.Ch.Ern.Gaucher the only time (id=3384)
Eduard Strasburger[gq] February 1, 1844
Warsaw, Russian Empire
May 18, 1912
Bonn, German Empire
1910 Nominated by Osc.Hertwig the only time (id=8825)
Edouard Van Beneden[gr] March 5, 1846
Leuven, Belgium
April 28, 1910
Liège, Belgium
1910 Nominated by Fernand Schiffers (id=8169) the only time
but died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=9515)
Ludwig Edinger[gs] April 13, 1855
Worms, German Confederation
January 26, 1918
Frankfurt, German Empire
1910 (id=2687)
Karl Joseph Eberth[gt] September 21, 1835
Würzburg, German Confederation
December 2, 1926
Halensee, Berlin, Weimar Germany
1910, 1911[115] (id=2665)
John Hughlings Jackson[gu] April 4, 1835
Providence Green, Green Hammerton, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
October 7, 1911
London, England
1910, 1912[116] Nominated by F.M.Sandwith (id=8090) only (id=4507)
Louis Hubert Farabeuf[gv] May 6, 1841
Bannost-Villegagnon, France
August 13, 1910
Beton-Bazoches, French Third Republic
1910[117] Nominated by professor M.Pineda from Cádiz the only time
but died before the only chance to be rewarded
Gustav Fritsch[gw] March 5, 1838
Cottbus, German Confederation
June 12, 1927
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1910, 1911, 1912[118] (id=3238)
Wilhelm Alexander Freund[gx] August 26, 1833
Krappitz, German Confederation
December 24, 1917
Berlin, German Empire
1910, 1914 (id=3218)
Wilhelm Heinrich Erb[gy] November 30, 1840
Winnweiler, German Confederation
October 29, 1921
Heidelberg, Weimar Germany
1910, 1914 (id=2808)
Ludimar Hermann[gz] October 31, 1838
Berlin, German Confederation
June 5, 1914
Königsberg, German Empire
1910, 1914 (id=4083)
Raphaël Lépine[ha] July 6, 1840
Lyon, France
November 17, 1919
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914,[119] 1916 (id=5395)
Friedrich von Müller[hb] September 17, 1858
Augsburg, German Confederation
November 18, 1941
Munich, Nazi Germany
1910, 1917 (id=9831 id=9832)
Nathan Zuntz[hc] October 6, 1847
Bonn, German Confederation
March 22, 1920
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1910, 1919, 1920 (id=10433)
Victor von Ebner[hd] February 4, 1842
Bregenz, Austrian Empire
March 20, 1925
Vienna, Austria
1910, 1915,[96] 1922 Nominated by G.A.Pommer (id=7332) from Innsbruck only (id=9735)
August von Wassermann[he] February 21, 1866
Bamberg, German Confederation
March 16, 1925
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924 (id=9887)
Bernhard Naunyn[hf] September 2, 1839
Berlin, German Confederation
July 26, 1925
Baden-Baden, Weimar Germany
1910, 1918, 1922,[120] 1924,[121] 1925 (id=6616)
Simon Flexner[hg] March 25, 1863
Louisville, Kentucky, United States
May 2, 1946
New York City, United States
1910, 1912, 1913,[122] 1914, 1915, 1917, 1920, 1929 (id=3065)
Paul Uhlenhuth[hh] January 7, 1870
Hanover, North German Confederation
December 13, 1957
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1905,[123] 1910, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1920,[124] 1923, 1926, 1927,[125] 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1952 (id=9432)
1911
Willem Einthoven[hi] May 21, 1860
Semarang, Dutch East Indies
September 29, 1927
Leiden, Netherlands
1911, 1913, 1914, 1917, 1919,[126] 1920, 1921, 1922, 1924 Won the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[hj] (id=2730)
Saturnin Arloing[hk] January 3, 1846
Cusset, France
March 21, 1911
Lyon, France
1910,[127] 1911 Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=487)
Arthur van Gehuchten[hl] April 20, 1861
Antwerp, Belgium
December 9, 1914
Cambridge, England
1911 (id=9534)
Ivan Horbachevsky[hm] May 15, 1854
Zarubińce, Galicia, Austrian Empire
May 24, 1942
Prague, Nazi Germany
1911 Nominated by V.Janovský the only time (id=4306)
Sergei Winogradsky[hn] September 1, 1856
Kiev, Russian Empire
February 25, 1953
Brie-Comte-Robert, France
1911





Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too. (id=10247)
Alexander Dogiel[ho] January 27, 1852
Ponevezh, Russian Empire
November 19, 1922
Petrograd, Russia
1911 Nominated by Vl.Palladin the only time (id=4306)
Jean Casimir Félix Guyon[hp] July 21, 1831
Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
August 2, 1920
Paris, France
1911, 1920[128] (id=3739)
Elias von Cyon[hq] March 25, 1843
Telšiai, Russian Empire
November 5, 1912
Paris, France
1911[129] Nominated by P.Albertoni the only time
Yves Delage May 13, 1854
Avignon, France
October 7, 1920
Sceaux, France
1911, 1912, 1915 Nominated jointly[hr] with J.Loeb only (id=2341)
Napoleon Nikodem Cybulski[hs] September 14, 1854
Kryvanosy, Sventsyansky Uyezd, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire
April 26, 1919
Kraków, Poland
1911, 1912,[130] 1914, 1918 (id=2072)
Jaume Ferran i Clua[ht] February 1, 1851
Corbera d'Ebre, Spain
November 22, 1929
Barcelona, Spain
1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1920, 1921 (id=2959)
1912
Alexis Carrel[hu] June 28, 1873
Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France
November 5, 1944
Paris, France
1911,[131] 1912, 1913 Won the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[hv] (id=1621)
Svante Arrhenius[hw] February 19, 1859
Wik Castle, Sweden
October 2, 1927
Stockholm, Sweden



1912, 1914
Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[hx] and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too (id=511)


Oscar Loew[hy] April 2, 1844
Marktredwitz, German Confederation
January 26, 1941
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1912 Nominated by R.Emmerich the only time (id=5579)
Louis-Antoine Ranvier[hz] October 2, 1835
Lyon, France
March 22, 1922
Vendranges, France
1912 Nominated by E.Suchard (id=8877) the only time (id=7561)
John Benjamin Murphy[ia] December 21, 1857
Appleton, Wisconsin, United States
August 11, 1916
Mackinac Island, Michigan, United States
1912 Nominated by W.A.Evans (id=2862) from Northwestern University the only time (id=6527)
Friedrich Trendelenburg[ib] May 24, 1844
Berlin, German Confederation
December 15, 1924
Nikolassee, Berlin, Weimar Germany
1912 Nominated by B.M.C.L.Riedel the only time (id=9340)
Camillo Bozzolo[ic] May 30, 1845
Milan, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
February 28, 1920
Turin, Kingdom of Italy
1912, 1918[132] (id=1265)
Alexandre-Guillaume Moutier[id] ?
?
1912[133] Nominated by professor Emmanuel Doumer (10.6.1858 Thenon - 3.10.1932 Lille) from Lille the only time
Joseph Denys[ie] July 24, 1857
Ruisselede, Belgium
March 27, 1932
1912[134] Nominated by Manille Ide (3.3.1866 - 25.5.1945) (id=4437) the only time
Mary Edwards Walker[if] November 26, 1832
Oswego, New York, United States
February 21, 1919
Oswego, New York, United States
1912[135] Nominated by MD A.S.Helton from Washington, DC the only time
Sahachiro Hata[ig] March 23, 1873
Masuda, Shimane, Japan
November 22, 1938
Tokyo, Japan



1912, 1913
Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=3941)


Carlo Forlanini[ih] June 11, 1847
Milan, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
May 26, 1918
Nervi, Kingdom of Italy
1912, 1913, 1914, 1917, 1919 (id=8304)
Constantin von Monakow[ii] November 4, 1853
Bobretsovo, Russian Empire
October 19, 1930
Zürich, Switzerland
1912, 1921 Nominated by Fr.von Müller only (id=9828)
Arthur Looss[ij] March 16, 1861
Chemnitz, German Confederation
May 4, 1923
Giessen, Weimar Germany
1912, 1923 (id=5607)
Edoardo Perroncito[ik] March 10, 1847
Viale, Piedmont, Kingdom of Sardinia
November 4, 1936
Pavia, Kingdom of Italy
1912, 1913,[136] 1914, 1923 (id=7139)
Vladimir Bekhterev[il] January 20, 1857
Sarali, Russian Empire
December 24, 1927
Moscow, Russia
1901,[137] 1902,[138] 1910,[139] 1912, 1914, 1916,[140] 1925 (id=789)
Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer[im] June 2, 1850
Hornsey, Middlesex, United Kingdom
March 29, 1935
North Berwick, East Lothian, United Kingdom
1910,[141]1912, 1913, 1929 (id=8304 id=8476)
Hans Horst Meyer[in] March 17, 1853
Insterburg, German Confederation
October 6, 1939
Wienna, Austria
1912, 1917, 1921, 1923, 1933, 1938 (id=6233)
1913
Lauder Brunton March 14, 1844
Roxburgh, United Kingdom
September 16, 1916
London, United Kingdom
1913 Nominated jointly[io] with Olof Hammarsten by E.Riegler the only time (id=1403)
Peter Freyer[ip] July 2, 1851
Galway, United Kingdom
September 9, 1921
London, United Kingdom
1913 Nominated by R.Ross the only time (id=3225)
Werke Ellenberger[iq] March 28, 1848
Beiseförth, Hesse-Kassel, German Confederation
May 5, 1929
Dresden, Weimar Germany
1913 Nominated by J.Vennerholm the only time (id=2759)
Thor Stenbeck[ir] July 5, 1864
Övraby, Sweden
August 9, 1914
Oscar Parish, Sweden
1913 Nominated by V.Michaut (id=6260) the only time (id=8771)
Biagio Longo[is] February 4, 1872
Laino Borgo, Kingdom of Italy
November 29, 1950
Rome, Italy
1913 Nominated by Annibale Salomoni (1854 Cremona - 18.4.1917 Rome) (id=8059) the only time (id=5604)
Charles Lucien de Beurmann[it] December 6, 1851
Strasbourg, France
November 26, 1923
Paris, France
1913 Nominated by Georges-Alfred Chavannaz (1866 - 1944) (id=1754) the only time (id=2189)
Jean-Louis Prévost[iu] May 12, 1838
Geneva, Switzerland
September 12, 1927
Geneva, Switzerland
1913 (id=7407)
William Küster[iv] September 22, 1863
Leipzig, German Confederation
March 5, 1929
Stuttgart, Weimar Germany
1913 Nominated with L.P.Marchlewski only
and for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5112)
Leon Marchlewski[iw] December 15, 1869
Włocławek, Russian Empire
January 16, 1946
Kraków, Poland



1913, 1914
Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5896)


José Gómez Ocaña[ix] October 28, 1860
Malaga, Spain
July 26, 1919
Madrid, Spain
1913, 1916, 1918 Nominated by Antonio Morales i Pérez (19.4.1848 Álora – 07.12.1930 Barcelona) (id=6400 id=6399) only (id=6814)
Johannes von Kries[iy] October 6, 1853
Roggenhausen, German Confederation
December 30, 1928
Freiburg im Breisgau, Weimar Germany
1913, 1917, 1920, 1924[121] (id=9801)
James Mackenzie[iz] April 12, 1853
Scone, Scotland United Kingdom
January 26, 1925
London, United Kingdom
1913, 1919, 1920, 1921 (id=5774)
Carlos Chagas[ja] July 9, 1879
Oliveira, Minas Gerais, Empire of Brazil
November 8, 1934
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1913, 1914,[142] 1921, 1922,[143] 1928[144] (id=1702)
William Bayliss May 2, 1860
Wednesbury, United Kingdom
August 27, 1924
London, England
1913, 1914 Nominated jointly[jb] with Ern.Starling only (id=777)
Ernest Starling[jc] April 17, 1866
London, United Kingdom
May 2, 1927
Kingston Harbour, British Empire
1913, 1914, 1926, 1927[145] (id=8739)
Hideyo Noguchi[jd] April 17, 1866
Inawashiro, Fukushima, Japan
May 2, 1927
Accra, Gold Coast, British Empire
1913, 1914, 1915, 1920, 1921, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928[146] (id=6740)
Emil Abderhalden[je] March 9, 1877
Oberuzwil, Switzerland
August 5, 1950
Zürich, Switzerland


1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1926, 1927, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936
Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=282)






Jean Hyacinthe Vincent[jf] December 22, 1862
Bordeaux, France
November 23, 1950
Paris, France
1913, 1918, 1919,[147] 1920, 1921, 1922,[148] 1928, 1935, 1936, 1937 (id=9659 id=9660)
Ross Granville Harrison[jg] January 13, 1870
Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
September 30, 1959
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
1913, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1925,[149] 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1941 (id=3910)
1914
Christiaan Eijkman[jh] August 11, 1858
Nijkerk, Netherlands
November 5, 1930
Utrecht, Netherlands
1914, 1915,[150] 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1924,[151] 1925, 1926, 1927, 1929 Shared the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[ji] (id=2723) with Fr.G.Hopkins
Vasili Razumovsky[jj] April 8, 1857
Efimovka, Buzuluksky Uyezd, Russian Empire
April 7, 1935
Yessentuki, Russia
1914 Nominated by I.M.Dogiel the only time (id=7577)
Jean-Pierre Rousselot[jk] October 14, 1846
Saint-Claud, France
December 16, 1924
Paris, France
1914 Nominated by Aug.Chaillou the only time (id=7920)
William Hunter[jl] June 1, 1861
Ballantrae, United Kingdom
January 13, 1937
London, United Kingdom
1914 Nominated by Andrew Melville Paterson (1862 Manchester - 13.2.1919) (id=7024) the only time (id=4380)
Samuel James Meltzer[jm] March 22, 1851
Kovno Governorate, Russian Empire
November 7, 1920
New York, United States
1914 (id=6119)
Umetaro Suzuki[jn] April 7, 1874
Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
September 20, 1943
Tokyo, Japan
1914





Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=8912)
Edward Tyson Reichert[jo] February 5, 1855
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
December 23, 1931
St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
1914, 1922[152] (id=7627)
Bernhard Krönig[jp] January 27, 1863
Bielefeld, German confederation
October 29, 1917
Freiburg im Breisgau, German Empire
1914, 1917 (id=5078 id=5119)
Franz Nissl[jq] September 9, 1860
Frankenthal, German confederation
August 11, 1919
Munich, Weimar Germany
1914, 1919 (id=6716)
Hermann Sahli[jr] May 23, 1856
Bern, Switzerland
April 28, 1933
Bern, Switzerland
1914, 1924 (id=8043)
Casimir Funk[js] February 23, 1884
Warsaw, Russian Empire
November 19, 1967
Albany, New York, United States
1914, 1925





Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=3272)
Clemens von Pirquet[jt] May 12, 1874
Hirschstetten, Austria-Hungary
February 28, 1929
Vienna, Austria
1914, 1920, 1926,[153] 1928, 1929 (id=9839)
Joseph Babinski[ju] November 17, 1857
Paris, France
October 29, 1932
Paris, France
1914, 1915,[154] 1924, 1928, 1932 (id=591)
Edoardo Maragliano[jv] June 1, 1849
Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia
March 10, 1940
Genoa, Kingdom of Italy
1910,[155] 1914, 1932, 1940 (id=5886)
Ferdinand Sauerbruch[jw] July 3, 1875
Barmen, German Empire
July 2, 1951
Berlin, Germany
1913,[156] 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1931, 1934, 1935,[157] 1937, 1938,[158] 1951 (id=8114)
1915 - this year Prize was not awarded
Bailey Ashford[jx] September 18, 1873
Washington, D.C., United States
November 1, 1934
San Juan, Puerto Rico
1915 (id=532)
Louis Bolk[jy] December 10, 1866
Overschie, Rotterdam, Netherlands
June 17, 1930
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1915 (id=1129)
Frederick F. Russell[jz] August 17, 1870
Auburn, New York, United States
December 29, 1960
1915 (id=7979)
Sigmund Freud[ka] May 6, 1856
Freiberg in Mähren, Moravia, Austrian Empire
September 23, 1939
Hampstead, London, United Kingdom
1915, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1927, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1936, 1937, 1938





Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too (id=3209)
S. P. L. Sørensen[kb] January 9, 1868
Havrebjerg, Denmark
February 12, 1939
Copenhagen, Denmark
1915, 1919, 1925, 1934, 1939 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=8972)
August Pi Suñer[kc] August 12, 1879
Barcelona, Spain
January 12, 1965
Mexico City, Mexico
1915, 1920, 1945,[159] 1948, 1949 (id=7217)
1916 - this year Prize was not awarded
Gustav Zander[kd] 29 March 1835
Stockholm, Sweden
17 June 1920
Engelbrekt Parish, Stockholm, Sweden
1916 Nominated by S.Em.P.Haglund the only time (id=10376)
Bernhard Sigmund Schultze[ke] December 29, 1827
Freiburg im Breisgau, German Confederation
April 17, 1919
Jena, Weimar Germany
1916 Nominated by Otto Küstner the only time (id=8254)
Richard Seefelder[kf] October 17, 1875
Nesslbach, German Empire
October 12, 1949
Innsbruck, Austria
1916 Nominated by M.Salzmann the only time (id=8377)
Stephanos Kartulis[kg] October 9, 1852
Chios, Ottoman Empire
April 1920
Alexandria, British protectorate Sultanate of Egypt
1916 Nominated by R.Ross the only time (id=4723)
William St. Clair Symmers, Sr.[kh] October 4, 1863
South Carolina, United States
October 4, 1937
Belfast, United Kingdom
1916 Nominated by Gr.Ell.Smith the only time (id=8944)
Francois Henrijean[ki] December 19, 1860
Spa, Belgium
August 18, 1932
Spa, Belgium
1916, 1920[160] Nominated by H.Frenkel (id=3204) only (id=4058)
Pierre Germain Marie Le Damany[kj] May 27, 1870
Lannion, France
April 20, 1963
Rennes, France
1916[161]
Rudolf Kraus[kk] October 31, 1868
Jungbunzlau, Austria-Hungary
July 15, 1932
Santiago, Chile
1916[162]
Alejandro Mary 1844
1915
1916 Nominated posthumously jointly[kl] with Albert Mary (id=5967) by R.R.Méndez the only time (id=5968)
Albert Mary[km] 1888
1928
1916, 1918 Nominated by R.R.Méndez only (id=5967 id=5966)
Hartog Jacob Hamburger[kn] March 9, 1859
Alkmaar, Netherlands
January 4, 1924
Groningen, Netherlands
1906,[12] 1916, 1919, 1920, 1921





Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=3834)
Joseph Goldberger[ko] July 16, 1874
Girált, Austria-Hungary
January 17, 1929
Washington, D.C., United States
1916, 1925, 1929 (id=3507)
1917 - this year Prize was not awarded
Armand Gautier[kp] September 23, 1837
Narbonne, France
July 27, 1920
Cannes, France



1913,[163] 1917
Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=3364)


Edmund Beecher Wilson[kq] October 19, 1856
Geneva, Illinois, United States
March 3, 1939
New York, United States
1917 Nominated by K.Alb.L.Aschoff the only time (id=10217)
Hermann Gutzmann[kr] January 29, 1865
Bütow, German Confederation
November 4, 1922
Berlin, Weimar Republic
1917 Nominated by Emil Bloch (11.12.1847 Emmendingen - 1920) (id=1079) the only time (id=3734)
Albert Auguste Toussaint Brachet[ks] January 1, 1869
Liège, Belgium
December 27, 1930
Brussels, Belgium
1917 Nominated by Fr.J.Keibel the only time (id=1269)
William H. Welch[kt] April 8, 1850
Norfolk, Connecticut, United States
April 30, 1934
Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, United States
1917, 1920,[164] 1921[165] (id=10072)
Frank Billings[ku] April 2, 1854
Highland, United States
September 20, 1932
Chicago, United States
1917, 1924 (id=1014)
Ludolf von Krehl[kv] December 26, 1861
Leipzig, German Confederation
May 26, 1937
Heidelberg, Nazi Germany
1917, 1932 (id=9800)
Ludwig Aschoff[kw] January 10, 1866
Berlin, German Confederation
June 24, 1942
Freiburg im Breisgau, Nazi Germany
1917, 1920, 1923, 1930, 1933, 1934 (id=526)
William James Mayo[kx] June 29, 1861
Le Sueur, Minnesota, United States
July 28, 1939
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
1910,[166] 1917, 1921, 1934, 1937 (id=6023)
William Stewart Halsted[ky] September 23, 1852
New York, United States
September 7, 1922
Baltimore, United States
1917 Nominated with V.Czerny and H.W.Cushing by Em.Th.Kocher the only time (id=3823)
Harvey Cushing[kz] April 8, 1869
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
October 7, 1939
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
1917, 1923, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 (id=2065)
1918 - this year Prize was not awarded
Fritz Pregl[la] September 3, 1869
Laibach, Duchy of Carniola, Austria-Hungary
December 13, 1930
Graz, Styria, Austria
1918, 1921, 1923 Won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[lb](id=7399)
Julius Hirschberg[lc] September 18, 1843
Potsdam, German Confederation
February 17, 1925
Berlin, Weimar Republic
1918 (id=4210)

Nominated jointly by K.Sudhoff the only time

(id=7063)
Erwin_Payr February 17, 1871
Innsbruck, Austria-Hungary
April 6, 1946
Leipzig, Germany
Alexander A. Maximow[ld] February 3, 1874
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
December 4, 1928
Chicago, United States
1918 Nominated by Al.Dogiel the only time (id=6010)
Abraham Jacobi[le] May 6, 1830
Hartum, German Confederation
July 10, 1919
Bolton Landing, New York, United States
1918 Nominated by I.W.Troitzky (1856-1923) (id=9360) the only time (id=4514)
Otto Heubner January 21, 1843
Mühltroff, German Confederation
October 17, 1926
Loschwitz, Weimar Germany
1918[167] Nominated by C.T.Noeggerath the only time
Shimanowski,
Alexander Philippovich
[lf]
July 16, 1860
Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire
January 3, 1918
Kiev, Ukraine
1918[168] Al.Ph.Shimanowski died before the only chance to be rewarded.

Self-nominations



Kianizine,
Ivan Ivanovich
[lg]
September 6, 1855
Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire
after 1923
?
1918,[169] 1919[170]
1919 - Prize has been awarded a year later
August Krogh[lh] November 15, 1874
Grenå, Denmark
September 13, 1949
Copenhagen, Denmark
1919, 1920 Won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[li] (id=5058)
Charles Nicolle[lj] September 21, 1866
Rouen, France
February 28, 1936
Tunis, French Tunisia
1919, 1920, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 Won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[lk] (id=6686)
Auguste Forel[ll] September 1, 1848
villa La Gracieuse at Morges, Switzerland
July 27, 1931
Yvorne, Switzerland
1905,[171] 1914,[172] 1919 (id=3111)
Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too. (id=3112)
Hermann Oppenheim[lm] January 1, 1858
Warburg, German Confederation
May 5, 1919
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1919 Nominated by N.Zuntz the only time
but died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=6871)
Auguste Trillat[ln] February 14, 1861
Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin, Isère, France
April 2, 1944
Douar Ech Chott, French Tunisia
1919 Nominated by Ch.L.Alph.Laveran the only time (id=9354)
Ido, Yutaka 1881
Okayama, Japan
1919
Tokyo, Japan
1919 Nominated with J.J.B.V.Bordet and jointly[lo] with R.Inada (id=4448) by L.Martin the only time (id=4438)
Inada, Ryokichi[lp] 1874
Nagoya, Japan
1950
1919, 1923[173] (id=4448)
Francis Gano Benedict[lq] October 3, 1870
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
April 14, 1957
Machiasport, Maine, United States
1919, 1934[174] (id=856)
Robert Taces[lr] ?
?
1919[175] Nominated by Andrew Melville Paterson (1862 Manchester - 13.2.1919) (id=7024) the only time
Karl Sudhoff[ls] November 26, 1853
Frankfurt am Main, German Confederation
October 8, 1938
Salzwedel, Nazi Germany
1919, 1923 (id=8881)
Robert Tigerstedt[lt] February 28, 1853
Helsingfors, Russian Empire
February 12, 1923
Helsinki, Finland
1919, 1923 (id=9269)
Hendrik Zwaardemaker[lu] May 10, 1857
Haarlem, Netherlands
September 19, 1930
Utrecht, Netherlands
1919, 1923, 1928, 1930 (id=10442)
Salomon Eberhard Henschen[lv] February 28, 1847
Uppsala, Sweden
December 16, 1930
Stockholm, Sweden
1919, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1930, 1931 (id=4067)
Joseph Barcroft[lw] July 26, 1872
Newry, United Kingdom
March 21, 1947
Cambridge, England
1919, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1933, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1942,[176] 1943 (id=698)
Carl Neuberg[lx] July 29, 1877
Hanover, German Empire
May 30, 1956
New York, United States
1919, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1952 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Chemistry too. (id=6657)

1920–1929

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes[3]
1920
Johannes Fibiger[ly] April 23, 1867
Silkeborg, Denmark
January 30, 1928
Copenhagen, Denmark
1920, 1921,[177] 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine a year later[lz] (id=2978)
Thomas Hunt Morgan[ma] September 25, 1866
Lexington, Kentucky, United States
December 4, 1945
Pasadena, California, United States
1920, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934[178] Won the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[mb] (id=6428)
John Brian Christopherson[mc] April 30, 1868
Batley, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
July 21, 1955
Lydney, England, United Kingdom
1920 (id=1792)
Luis Agote September 22, 1868
Buenos Aires, Argentina
November 12, 1954
Turdera, Argentina
1920 (id=576)


Nominated jointly [md] by V.Izq.Sanfuentes the only time

(id=4568)


(id=5447)
Émile Jeanbrau October 1, 1873
Alès, France
May 14, 1950
Montpellier, France
Richard Lewisohn July 12, 1875
Hamburg, German Empire
August 11, 1961
New York, United States
Erich Lexer[me] May 22, 1867
Freiburg im Breisgau, Grand Duchy of Baden
December 4, 1937
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1920 Nominated by K.Alb.L.Aschoff the only time (id=5450)
Hans Held[mf] August 8, 1866
Neukloster, German Confederation
December 8 or 15, 1942
Leipzig, Nazi Germany
1920 Nominated by F.Sieglbauer the only time (id=4025)
Antonio Grossich[mg] June 7, 1849
Draguć, Austrian_Empire
October 1, 1926
Fiume, Kingdom of Italy
1920 Nominated by F.Krause the only time (id=3662)
Rufus Cole[mh] April 30, 1872
Rowsburg, Ohio, United States
April 20, 1966
Washington, D.C., United States
1920 Nominated by L.Emm.Holt the only time (id=1879)
Antoine Depage[mi] November 28, 1862
Watermael-Boitsfort, Belgium
June 10, 1925
The Hague, Netherlands
1920[179] Nominated by professor Baron from Dijon the only time
Arthur Biedl[mj] October 4, 1869
Kiskomlós, Arch-Kingdom of Hungary
August 26, 1933
Steinbach am Attersee, Austria
1920[180] Nominated by H.Preisz the only time
Howard Taylor Ricketts[mk] February 9, 1871
Findlay, Ohio, United States
May 3, 1910
Mexico City, Mexico
1920[181] Nominated posthumously by A.Korányi the only time
Henri Dominici[ml] 1867
Stretford, United Kingdom
May 21, 1919
Paris, France
Karl Oskar Medin[mm] August 14, 1847
Axberg, Närke, Sweden
December 24, 1927
Stockholm, Sweden
1920[182] Nominated by J.Bókay, Jr. the only time
Gustav Killian[mn] June 2, 1860
Mainz, German Confederation
February 24, 1921
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1906,[183] 1918,[184] 1920, 1921 (id=4839)
Wilhelm Johannsen[mo] February 3, 1857
Elsinore, Denmark
November 11, 1927
Copenhagen, Denmark
1920, 1923 (id=4601)
Leonardo Bianchi[mp] April 5, 1848
San Bartolomeo in Galdo, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
February 13, 1927
Naples, Kingdom of Italy
1918,[185] 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926, 1927[186] (id=989)
Heinrich Braun[mq] January 1, 1862
Rawitsch, Province of Posen, German Confederation
April 26, 1934
Überlingen, Weimar Germany
1920, 1930, 1933[187] (id=1301)
Oscar Bernhard[mr] May 24, 1861
Samedan, Switzerland
November 14, 1939
St. Moritz, Switzerland
1920, 1924, 1927, 1929, 1932 (id=936)
Auguste Rollier[ms] October 1, 1874
Saint-Aubin, Fribourg, Switzerland
October 30, 1954
Vaud, Switzerland
1920, 1924, 1930, 1932, 1933 (id=7835)
Alexandre Besredka[mt] March 29, 1870
Odessa, Russian Empire
February 28, 1940
Paris, France
1920, 1924, 1932, 1934 (id=965)
John Scott Haldane[mu] May 2, 1860
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
March 14/15, 1936
Oxford, United Kingdom
1920, 1926, 1935 (id=3792)
Robert McCarrison[mv] March 15, 1878
Portadown, United Kingdom
May 18, 1960
Oxford, United Kingdom
1920, 1921,[188] 1937 (id=6044)
Oskar Vogt[mw] April 6, 1870
Husum, North German Confederation
July 30, 1959
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1920, 1922, 1923, 1924,[189] 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1937, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=9692)
1921 - this year Prize was not awarded
Karl Landsteiner[mx] June 14, 1868
Baden bei Wien, Austria-Hungary
June 26, 1943
New York, United States
1913,[190] 1921, 1922, 1923, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 Won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[my] (id=5205)
Ernst Fuchs[mz] June 14, 1851
Vienna, Austrian Empire
November 21, 1930
Vienna, Austria
1921 Nominated by Manuel Márquez Rodríguez the only time (id=3264)
Joseph Jules Dejerine August 3, 1849
Geneva, Switzerland
February 26, 1917
Paris, France
1921 Nominated posthumously with H.H.Meyer and C.von Monakow by Fr.von Müller the only time (id=2336)
Charles Willems[na] December 5, 1859
Ghent, Belgium
January 19, 1930
Liège, Belgium
1921 Nominated by William Thomas Coughlin (id=1992) the only time (id=10202)
Arthur Isaac Kendall[nb] May 7, 1877
Somerville, Massachusetts, United States
June 20, 1959
La Jolla, United States
1921 Nominated by Frederick Robert Zeit (id=10391) the only time (id=4787)
Pierre Marie[nc] September 9, 1853
Paris, France
April 13, 1940
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
1921 (id=5915)
Henri Duret[nd] July 7, 1849
Condé-sur-Noireau, France
April 7, 1921
Lille, France
1921, 1922[191] Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=2614)
Eugène Gley[ne] January 18, 1857
Épinal, France
October 24, 1930
Paris, France
1915,[192] 1920,[193] 1921, 1922,[194] 1923,[195] 1924,[196] 1925, 1926, 1927,[197] 1928, 1931 (id=3484)
Nicolas Maurice Arthus[nf] January 9, 1862
Angers, France
February 24, 1945
Fribourg, Switzerland
1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926,[198] 1927, 1929, 1930, 1934 (id=515)
Eugen Steinach[ng] January 28, 1861
Hohenems, Austrian Empire
May 14, 1944
Territet, Switzerland
1920,[199] 1921, 1922, 1927, 1930, 1934, 1938 (id=8765)
Walter Bradford Cannon[nh] October 19, 1871
Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, United States
October 1, 1945
Franklin, New Hampshire, United States
1921, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1945 (id=1584)
1922 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Edward Calvin Kendall[ni] March 8, 1886
South Norwalk, Connecticut, United States
May 4, 1972
Princeton, New Jersey, United States
1922, 1925, 1928, 1930, 1931, 1932,[200] 1937, 1938, 1941, 1942,[201] 1950, 1951 Shared the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Ph.Sh.Hench and T.Reichstein[nj]
and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=4789)
Benjamin Lipschütz[nk] October 4, 1878
Brody, Austria-Hungary
December 20, 1931
Vienna, Austria
1922 Nominated by Ludwig Merk (Graz: 1.3.1862-29.8.1925) (id=6194) the only time (id=5535)
Bartolomeo Gosio[nl] March 17, 1863
Magliano Alfieri, Kingdom of Sardinia
April 13, 1944
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
1922 Nominated by Pietro Canalis (27.10.1856 Osilo - 1939) (id=1574 id=1573) the only time (id=5535)
Heinrich Jakob Bechhold[nm] November 13, 1866
Frankfurt am Main, North German Confederation
February 17, 1937
Frankfurt am Main, Nazi Germany
1922 Nominated by Richard Ritter von Zeynek (9.12.1869 Graz – 28.6.1945 Passau) (id=10402 id=9897) the only time (id=788)
Guido Banti[nn] June 8, 1852
Montebicchieri, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
January 8, 1925
Florence, Kingdom of Italy
1922 Nominated by Dante Pacchioni (id=6939) the only time (id=679)
Baumel ?
?
1922[202] Self-nomination
Rudolf Magnus[no] September 2, 1873
Brunswick, German Empire
July 25, 1927
Pontresina, France
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927 (id=5811)
Constantin Levaditi[np] August 1, 1874
Galați, Romania, Ottoman Empire
September 5, 1953
Paris, France
1922, 1924, 1927, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1938, 1939 (id=5418)
Cécile Vogt-Mugnier March 27, 1875
Annecy, France
May 4, 1962
Cambridge, United Kingdom
1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1950, 1951, 1953 Nominated jointly[nq] with Osk.Vogt only (id=9688)
1923
Archibald Hill[nr] September 26, 1886
Bristol, United Kingdom
June 3, 1977
Cambridge, England
1923 (id=4180)[ns]

Shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine a year later

(id=6247)[nt]
Otto Fritz Meyerhof[nu] April 12, 1884
Hanover, German Empire
October 6, 1951
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
John James Rickard Macleod[nv] September 6, 1876
Clunie, Perthshire, United Kingdom
March 16, 1935
Aberdeen, Scotland
1923, 1924[203] (id=5782)

Shared the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[nw]

(id=681)
Frederick Banting[nx] November 14, 1891
Alliston, Canada
February 21, 1941
near Musgrave Harbour, Dominion of Newfoundland
1923, 1924
Frederick Gowland Hopkins[ny] June 20, 1861
Eastbourne, United Kingdom
May 16, 1947
Cambridge, England
1922,[204] 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927,[205] 1928, 1929 Shared the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[nz] with Chr.Eijkman
and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=4303)
Otto Heinrich Warburg[oa] October 8, 1883
Freiburg im Breisgau, German Empire
August 1, 1970
West Berlin, Germany
1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932,[206]

1944
Won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[ob]

and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=9984)
Giuliano Vanghetti[oc] October 8, 1861
Greve, Kingdom of Italy
May 4, 1940
Empoli, Kingdom of Italy
1920,[207] 1923 Nominated by Albr.J.Th.Bethe the only time (id=9557)
Georg Matthias Martin Josef Sticker[od] April 18, 1860
Cologne, German Confederation
August 28, 1960
Zell am Main, Germany
1923 Nominated by K.Sudhoff the only time (id=8788)
Friedrich Dessauer[oe] July 19, 1881
Aschaffenburg, German Empire
February 16, 1963
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1923





Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too (id=2399)
Maud Slye[of] February 8, 1879
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
September 17, 1954
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1923 Nominated by Albert Soiland (1873-1946) (id=8647) the only time (id=8594)
Ludwig Alfred Seitz[og] May 24, 1872
Pfaffenhofen an der Roth, German Empire
June 19, 1961
Pfaffenhofen an der Roth, Germany
1923[208] Nominated by P.A.Suarez from Quito the only time
Hermann Ludwig Wintz[oh] August 12, 1887
Speyer, German Empire
June 11, 1947
Zusmarshausen, Germany
1923,[208] 1928[209]
Paul Flechsig[oi] June 29, 1847
Zwickau, German Confederation
July 22, 1929
Leipzig, Weimar Germany
1923, 1924 (id=3051)
Julius Morgenroth[oj] October 19, 1871
Bamberg, German Empire
December 20, 1924
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1923, 1924 (id=6431)
Anatole Chauffard[ok] August 22, 1855
Avignon, France
November 1, 1932
Paris, France
1923, 1924 (id=1748)
Hans Sachs[ol] June 6, 1877
Kattowitz, German Empire
March 25, 1945
Dublin, Republic of Ireland
1923, 1926 (id=8028)
Adrianus Paulus Hubertus Antonius de Kleyn[om] October 14, 1883
Ameide, Netherlands
May 11, 1949
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1923, 1926,[210] 1927, 1929 (id=2240)
Philippe Antoine Lasseur[on] June 27, 1882
Courçais, France
January 10, 1946
Nancy(?),
France
1923, 1930 Nominated by J.P.Vuillemin only (id=5257)
Rudolf Höber[oo] December 27, 1873
Stettin, German Empire
September 5, 1953
Philadelphia, United States
1923, 1929, 1931 (id=4423)
Gustav Embden[op] November 10, 1874
Hamburg, German Empire
July 25, 1933
Nassau, Nazi Germany
1923, 1924, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933





Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=2780)
Wilhelm Kolle[oq] November 2, 1868
Lerbach, Osterode am Harz, North German Confederation
May 10, 1935
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1923, 1930, 1934 (id=4968)
Jakob Johann von Uexküll[or] September 8, 1864
Keblas Manor, Sankt Michaelis, Wiek County, Russian Empire
July 25, 1944
Capri, Kingdom of Italy
1923, 1926, 1929, 1936, 1937[211] (id=9880)
Leonor Michaelis[os] January 16, 1875
Berlin, German Empire
October 8, 1949
New York, United States
1923, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1949 (id=6257)
1924
Hans Spemann[ot] June 27, 1869
Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg
September 9, 1941
near Freiburg, Nazi Germany
1924, 1925,[149] 1926, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936 Won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[ou](id=8689)
Victor Babeș[ov] July 28, 1854
Vienna, Austrian Empire
October 19, 1926
Bucharest, Romania
1914,[212] 1924 (id=590)
Friedrich Martius[ow] September 7, 1850
Erxleben, Börde, German Confederation
October 1, 1923
Rostock, Weimar Germany
1924 Nominated posthumously by H.Curschmann the only time (id=5959)
Thomas Ionnesco[ox] September 13, 1860
Ploiești, Romania, Ottoman Empire
March 28, 1926
Bucharest, Romania
1924 (id=4481)
Ernst Freund[oy] December 15, 1863
Vienna, Austrian Empire
June 2, 1946
London, England
1924 Nominated by D.R.Werner the only time (id=3213)
Hermann Philipp Rudolf Stieve[oz] May 22, 1886
Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria
September 6, 1952
West Berlin, Germany
1924 Nominated by W.Lubosch the only time (id=8792)
Arturo Donaggio[pa] October 11, 1868
Falconara Marittima, Kingdom of Italy
October 8, 1942
Bologna, Kingdom of Italy
1924, 1925[213] (id=2498)
Friedrich Karl Kleine[pb] May 14, 1869
Stralsund, North German Confederation
March 22, 1951
Johannesburg, Union of South Africa
1911,[214] 1924, 1926 (id=4893)
Martin Heidenhain[pc] December 7, 1864
Breslau, German Confederation
December 14, 1949
Tübingen, Germany
1924, 1930 (id=3998)
David Marine[pd] September 20, 1880
Whiteleysburg, Maryland, United States
November 6, 1976
Lewes, Delaware, United States
1924, 1925, 1931, 1932[200] (id=5917)
Otto Folin[pe] April 4, 1867
Åseda, Småland, Sweden
October 25, 1934
Boston, United States
1920,[215] 1924, 1925, 1927, 1931, 1932 (id=3094)
Félix d'Hérelle[pf] April 25, 1873
Paris, France
February 22, 1949
Paris, France
1924, 1925, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1937 (id=2649)
Thomas Lewis[pg] December 26, 1881
Taffs Well, Cardiff, United Kingdom
March 17, 1945
Loudwater, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
1924, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1940 (id=5445)
Herbert McLean Evans[ph] September 23, 1882
Modesto, California, United States
March 6, 1971
Berkeley, California, United States
1924, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1944,[216] 1946, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953 (id=2859)
Donald Van Slyke[pi] March 29, 1883
Pike, New York, United States
May 4, 1971
Brookhaven, New York, United States
1924, 1929, 1936, 1937, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=9549)
1925 - this year Prize was not awarded
Julius Wagner-Jauregg[pj] March 7, 1857
Wels, Austrian_Empire
September 27, 1940
Vienna, Nazi Germany
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 Won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[pk] (id=9927)
Maurice Crowther Hall[pl] July 15, 1881
Golden, Colorado, United States
May 1, 1938
1925 (id=3808)
John Irvine Hunter[pm] January 24, 1898
Bendigo, Australia
December 10, 1924
London, United Kingdom
1925 Nominated posthumously (id=4379)
Sigmund Fraenkel[pn] May 22, 1868
Krakau, Austria-Hungary
June 7, 1939
Geneva, Switzerland
1925 Nominated with E.Gley by Domenico Lo Monaco (31.7.1863 Bagheria - 19.4.1930 Rome) (id=5551) the only time (id=3259)
Peter Rona (Rosenfeld)[po] May 13, 1871
Budapest, Arch-Kingdom of Hungary
February or March 1945
Auschwitz concentration camp, Nazi Germany
1925 Nominated with C.A.Neuberg and S. P. L. Sørensen by Ad.Bickel the only time (id=7849)
John Weston Nuzum[pp] June 16, 1890
Brodhead, Wisconsin, United States
1953
Illinois, United States
1925 ) the only time (id=6794)
Otto Naegeli[pq] July 9, 1871
Ermatingen, Switzerland
March 11, 1938
Zürich, Switzerland
1925 (id=6588)

Nominated by Arthur William Meyer (1873–1966) (id=6224) the only time

(id=4709)
C. U. Ariëns Kappers[pr] August 9, 1877
Groningen, Netherlands
July 28, 1946
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Paul Otto Max Frosch[ps] August 15, 1860
Jüterbog, German Confederation
June 2, 1928
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1925 Nominated by R.du Bois-Reymond the only time (id=3245)
Holger Christian Møllgaard[pt] May 20, 1885
December 30, 1928
1925 Nominated by John Grönberg (id=3685) the only time (id=6581)
Oscar-Jean Rapin[pu] February 5, 1878
Lausanne, Switzerland
October 24, 1946
1925 Nominated by Rodolphe Mellet (22.7.1877 Lausanne - 27.2.1955) (id=6113 id=6114) the only time (id=7565)
Daniel Abraham Otto Hermann Braus[pv] August 15, 1868
Burtscheid, North German Confederation
November 28, 1924
Würzburg, Weimar Germany
1925[149] Nominated posthumously by Curt Elze the only time
Georges Henri Roger[pw] June 4, 1860
Paris, France
April 19, 1946
Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, France
1925[217]
Robert Henry Elliot August 23, 1864
November 9, 1936
Chipping Barnet, London, England
1925 (id=5160)



(id=2762)


Nominated jointly [px]


(id=8181)



(id=4287)
Pierre-Félix Lagrange January 22, 1857
Soumensac, France
April 22, 1928
Paris, France
Hjalmar August Schiøtz February 9, 1850
Stavanger, Norway
December 8, 1927
Oslo, Norway
1925, 1926
Søren Holth July 21, 1863
Nes, Viken, Norway
September 23, 1937
Vestre Aker, Norway
Johan August Harald Hammar[py] August 21, 1861
Karlskrona, Sweden
April 17, 1946
Uppsala, Sweden
1925, 1927, 1928,[218] 1930 (id=3839)
Lawrence Joseph Henderson[pz] June 3, 1878
Lynn, Massachusetts, United States
February 10, 1942
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1925, 1928, 1932 (id=4045)
George Frederick Dick[qa] July 21, 1881
Ft. Wayne, Indiana, United States
October 10, 1967
Palo Alto, California, United States
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1935, 1936,[219] 1945[220] (id=2425)


Nominated jointly[qb]


(id=2426)
Gladys Dick December 18, 1881
Pawnee City, Nebraska, United States
August 21, 1963
Palo Alto, California, United States
Yamagiwa Katsusaburō[qc] February 23, 1863
Ueda, Nagano, Japan
March 2, 1930
Tokyo, Japan
1924,[221] 1925, 1926, 1927,[222] 1928, 1930,[223] 1936 (id=10342)
Béla Schick[qd] July 16, 1877
Balatonboglár, Arch-Kingdom of Hungary
December 6, 1967
New York, United States
1925, 1936 (id=8164)
Pierre Nolf[qe] July 26, 1873
Ypres, Belgium
September 14, 1953
Brussels, Belgium
1925, 1930, 1937, 1938,[224] 1939, 1942[225] (id=6746)
John Jacob Abel[qf] May 19, 1857
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
May 26, 1938
Baltimore, Maryland, United States



1925, 1927, 1928, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934, 1939
Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=287)


Adolf Bickel[qg] March 19, 1875
Wiesbaden, North German Confederation
January 21, 1946
Wangen, Germany
1925, 1940 (id=992)
Filippo Bottazzi[qh] December 23, 1867
Diso, Kingdom of Italy
September 19, 1941
Diso, Kingdom of Italy
1925, 1932, 1938, 1941 (id=1211)
Alphonse Dochez[qi] April 21, 1882
San Francisco, United States
June 30, 1964
New York, United States
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1938, 1948 (id=2458)
Louis Lapicque[qj] August 1, 1866
Épinal, France
December б, 1952
Paris, France
1925, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1943, 1944,[226] 1946,[227] 1950, 1951 (id=5234)
1926 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Francis Peyton Rous[qk] October 5, 1879
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
February 16, 1970
New York, United States
1926, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1942,[228] 1946, 1947, 1951 Shared the 1966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[ql] (id=7919) with Ch.Br.Huggins
Pierre Delbet[qm] November 15, 1861
La Ferté-Gaucher, France
July 17, 1957
La Ferté-Gaucher, France
1922,[229] 1926 Nominated by G.Phocas only (id=2346)
William Ewart Gye[qn] August 11, 1884
Breaston, United Kingdom
October 14, 1952
Perth(?),
Australia
1926 (id=3746)
Joseph Edwin Barnard December 7, 1870
October 25, 1949
1926 (id=712)
David Hermann Wieland February 26, 1885
Pforzheim, German Empire
May 7, 1929
Heidelberg, Weimar Germany
1926 (id=10167)

Nominated jointly[qo] with J.Barcroft by P.Hoffmann the only time

(id=3360)
Carl Joseph Gauß Oktober 29, 1875
Rittergut Lohne bei Isernhagen, German Empire
February 11, 1957
Bad Kissingen, Germany
Gerrit Grijns[qp] May 28, 1865
Leerdam, Netherlands
November 11, 1944
Utrecht, Netherlands
1926, 1927, 1942[230] (id=3652)
Arno Erich Benedict Luckhardt[qq] August 26, 1885
Chicago, United States
1957
1926, 1928 (id=5684)
Constantin von Economo[qr] August 21, 1876
Brăila, Romania, Ottoman Empire
October 21, 1931
Vienna, Austria
1926, 1930, 1932 (id=2678 id=9736)
Emmanuel Hédon[qs] April 30, 1863
Burie, France
March 8, 1933
Montpellier, France
1926, 1932 (id=3985)
Otfrid Foerster[qt] November 9, 1873
Breslau, North German Confederation
June 15, 1941
Breslau, Nazi Germany
1926, 1927, 1930, 1931,[231] 1933, 1934, 1937, 1938[158] (id=3084)
Henry Hallett Dale[qu] June 9, 1875
Islington, London, United Kingdom
July 23, 1968
Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England
1926, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937[232] (id=2111)


Shared the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[qv]


(id=5583)
1927
Otto Loewi[qw] June 3, 1873
Frankfurt am Main, German Empire
December 25, 1961
New York, United States
1927, 1928, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937[233]
Wilhelm Röhl[qx] April 16, 1881
Berlin, German Empire
March 3, 1929
Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Weimar Germany
1927 Nominated by Arthur E. Weber the only time (id=7804)
Peter Mühlens[qy] May 12, 1874
Bonn, German Empire
June 7, 1943
Hamburg, Nazi Germany
1927 Nominated by K.P.Schmidt the only time (id=6546)
Frederick George Novy[qz] December 9, 1864
Chicago, United States
August 8, 1957
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
1927 (id=6775)
Ludwig Haberlandt[ra] February 1, 1885
Graz, Austria-Hungary
July 22, 1932
Innsbruck, Austria
1927 (id=3761)
Édouard Laguesse[rb] April 23, 1861
Dijon, France
November 6, 1927
Dijon, France
1927, 1928[234] (id=5164)
Vincenzo Diamare[rc] April 3, 1871
Naples, Kingdom of Italy
January 20, 1966
Naples, Italy
1927, 1928[235] (id=2421)
Ettore Marchiafava[rd] January 3, 1847
Rome, Papal States
October 22, 1935
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
1902,[21] 1927, 1932 (id=5893)
Ralph Stayner Lillie[re] August 8, 1875
Toronto, Canada
March 19, 1952
Chicago, United States
1927, 1935 Nominated by Robert Albert Gesell (23.6.1886 Alma, Wis. - 19.4.1954 Ann Arbor) (id=3406> only (id=5488)
Ángel Roffo[rf] December 30, 1882
Buenos Aires, Argentina
July 23, 1947
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1927, 1937, 1940 (id=7806)
Paul Albert Ancel September 21, 1873
Nancy, France
January 27, 1961
Paris, France
1927, 1937, 1940, 1941,[236] 1942, 1948 Nominated jointly[rg] with P.Bouin only (id=418 id=417)
Pol Bouin[rh] June 11, 1870
Vendresse, France
February 5, 1962
Vendresse, France
1927, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941,[236] 1942, 1948, 1949 (id=1226)
Antoine Henri André Thomas[ri] November 19, 1867
Paris, France
July 21, 1963
Paris, France
1927, 1949 (id=435 id=9225)
Franz Volhard[rj] May 2, 1872
Munich, German Empire
May 24, 1950
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1927, 1934, 1950 (id=9703)
1928
António Egas Moniz[rk] November 29, 1874
Avanca, Portugal
December 13, 1955
Lisbon, Portugal
1928, 1933, 1937, 1944, 1949, 1950 Shared the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[rl] (id=6371) with W.R.Hess
Heinrich Otto Wieland[rm] June 4, 1877
Pforzheim, German Empire
August 5, 1957
Starnberg, Germany
1928 Won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry one year later[rn] (id=10166)
Adolf Windaus[ro] December 25, 1876
Berlin, German Empire
June 9, 1959
Göttingen, Germany
1928 Won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[rp] (id=10241)
Paul Grawitz[rq] October 1, 1850
Zerrin, Pomerania, German Confederation
June 27, 1932
Greifswald, Germany
1928 Self-nomination (id=3622)
Gustave Rappin[rr] 1851
1942
1928 Nominated jointly with L.Ch.Alb.Calmette by René Verhoogen (1867-1947) (id=9606) the only time (id=7568)
Pavel Grigorjevich Rosanov[rs] 1853
after 1934
1928 Nominated by his son L.P.Rosanov the only time (id=7878)
Giulio Tarozzi[rt] January 27, 1868
Turin, Kingdom of Italy
1948
Bologna, Italy
1928 Nominated by Eugenio Centanni (id=1686) the only time (id=9010)
Victor Pachon[ru] May 26, 1867
Clermont-Ferrand, France
1938
Meyzieu, France
1928 (id=6941)
Marius Tscherning[rv] December 11, 1854
Østrup near Odense, Denmark
September 1, 1939
1928 Nominated by William Henry Luedde (13.8.1876 Warsaw, Illinois - 19.8.1952 Richmond Heights, Missouri) (id=5687) the only time (id=9378)
W. Easson Brown[rw] 1894
1957
1928 Nominated jointly with A.Er.B.Luckhardt id=5684) by H.Wieland the only time (id=1372)
Adalbert Czerny[rx] March 25, 1863
Jaworzno, Austria-Hungary
October 3, 1941
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1928, 1931[237] (id=2077)
Carlos R. Lavalle[ry] 1878
?
1928[238] Nominated by Fortunato Quesada Larrea (5.3.1895 Trujillo, Peru - 1966 Lima) from Lima the only time
Rudolph Matas[rz] September 12, 1860
St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States
September 23, 1957
New Orleans, United States
1928[239] Nominated by Edward Lacy King (1.10.1884 Mound, Louisiana - 30.5.1963 New Orleans) from New Orleans the only time
B. Stroganoff[sa] January 10, 1858
Vyazma, Russian Empire
September 24, 1938
Leningrad, Russia
Mariano Luigi Patrizi[sb] September 23, 1866
Recanati, Kingdom of Italy
September 9, 1935
Bologna, Kingdom of Italy
1928, 1930 (id=7028)
Alfred Fabian Hess[sc] October 9, 1875
New York, United States
December 5, 1933
New York, United States
1928, 1929, 1931, 1932 (id=4123)
Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=4122)
Claudius Regaud[sd] January 30, 1870
Lyons, France
December 29, 1940
Couzon-au-Mont-d'Or, Vichy France
1928, 1936, 1937 (id=7616)
Otto Frank[se] June 21, 1865
Groß-Umstadt, German Confederation
November 12, 1944
Munich, Nazi Germany
1928, 1929, 1930,[240] 1931, 1937 (id=3176)
Genichi Kato[sf] February 11, 1890
Niimi, Japan
May 1, 1979
1928, 1935, 1937, 1944[241] (id=4729)
Eugenio Centanni[sg] January 8, 1863
Montotto, Kingdom of Italy
August 8, 1942
Bologna, Kingdom of Italy
1928, 1938 (id=1686)
Yandell Henderson[sh] April 23, 1873
Louisville, Kentucky, United States
February 18, 1944
La Jolla, United States
1928, 1929, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 (id=4048)
Mansfeld Géza[si] February 26, 1882
Budapest, Arch-Kingdom of Hungary
January 11, 1950
Geneva, Switzerland
1928, 1940 (id=5879)
Camille Guérin[sj] December 22, 1872
Poitiers, France
June 9, 1961
Paris, France
1928, 1930, 1932, 1950 (id=3700)
Torsten Thunberg[sk] June 30, 1873
Torsåker, Sweden
December 4, 1952
Lund, Sweden
1928, 1929, 1932, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1950 (id=9257)
Sherwood Moore October 28, 1880
Lynchburg, Virginia, United States
July 9, 1963
1928 (id=6392)br>
Nominated jointly [sl] by Robert James Terry (24.1.1871 St. Louis - 1966) (id=9046) the only time

(id=1941)
Glover Hancock Copher 1893
1970
Warren Henry Cole[sm] July 24, 1898
Clay Center, Kansas, United States
May 25, 1990
1928, 1939 Nominated with Ev.Ambr.Graham only (id=1881)
Evarts Ambrose Graham[sn] March 19, 1883
Chicago, Illinois, United States
March 4, 1957
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
1928, 1932, 1939, 1951 (id=3591)
James Collip[so] November 20, 1892
Belleville, Ontario, Canada
June 19, 1965
London, Ontario, Canada
1928, 1931, 1935, 1936, 1944, 1951 (id=1899 id=1897)
Ludvig Hektoen[sp] July 2, 1863
Westby, Wisconsin, United States
July 5, 1951
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1928 Nominated with Ant.J.Carlson by Leslie Brainerd Arey (1891 Camden - 23.3.1988 Chicago) (id=479) the only time (id=4023)
Anton Julius Carlson[sq] January 29, 1875
Munkedal, Sweden
September 2, 1956
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1928, 1953 (id=1605)
George Barger[sr] April 4, 1878
Manchester, United Kingdom
January 5, 1939
Aeschi, Switzerland
1928 Nominated jointly with Ch.R.Harington only including for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=707)
Charles Robert Harington[ss] August 1, 1897
Llanerfyl, United Kingdom
February 4, 1972
Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
1928, 1931, 1934, 1947, 1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=3895)
George Minot[st] December 2, 1885
Boston, United States
February 25, 1950
Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935 (id=6307)

Shared the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[su]

(id=10134)



(id=6529)
1929
George Whipple[sv] August 28, 1878
Ashland, New Hampshire, United States
February 1, 1976
Rochester, New York, United States
1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935
William P. Murphy[sw] February 6, 1892
Stoughton, Wisconsin, United States
October 9, 1987
Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
Hans Fischer[sx] July 27, 1881
Höchst am Main, German Empire
March 31, 1945
Munich, Nazi Germany
1929, 1930[240] Won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[sy] (id=3026)
Dennis Gabor June 5, 1900
Budapest, Arch-Kingdom of Hungary
February 9, 1979
London, United Kingdom
1929 Won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics[sz] (id=3289)
Tibor (Tiberius) Reiter ?
?
Nominated jointly[ta] with D.Gabor by Albr.J.Th.Bethe the only time (id=7647)
Max Heinrich Fischer May 25, 1892
Gablonz an der Neiße, Austria-Hungary
November 28, 1971
Schwarzach im Pongau, Austria
1929 Nominated jointly[tb] with Adr.P.H.A. de Kleyn by Albr.J.Th.Bethe the only time) (id=3031)
Lafayette Mendel[tc] February 5, 1872
Delhi, New York, United States
December 9, 1935
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
1922,[242] 1929 (id=6170)
Otto Schöbl[td] 27 August 1877
Zditz, Austria-Hungary
13 October 1938
Tokyo, Japan
1929 (id=8305)
Kurt Huldschinsky November 24, 1883
Gleiwitz, German Empire
October 31, 1940
Alexandria, Egypt
1929 (id=4365)


Nominated jointly[te] with Alfr.F.Hess by H.von Mettenheim the only time.

H.Steenbock nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=8754)
Harry Steenbock August 16, 1886
Charlestown, Wisconsin, United States
December 25, 1967
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Proceso Gabriel[tf] July 2, 1887
Santa Ana, Manila, Philippines
November 4, 1935
Manila, Philippine Commonwealth
1929 Nominated by Dario del Val (id=2338) the only time (id=3290)
Friedrich Kraus[tg] May 31, 1858
Bodenbach, Austria-Hungary
March 1, 1936
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1929 (id=5032)
Ernst Kretschmer[th] October 8, 1888
Wüstenrot, German Empire
February 8, 1964
Tübingen, Germany
1929 Nominated by J.Raeche (id=7526) the only time (id=5048)
Thomas Burr Osborne[ti] August 5, 1859
New Haven, United States
January 29, 1929
New Haven, United States
1929 Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=6904)
Paul Trendelenburg[tj] March 24, 1884
Bonn, German Empire
February 4, 1931
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1929 Nominated with Y.Henderson by Mich. I Gramenitzki the only time (id=9342)
Sergey Pavlovich Kostytschew[tk] May 8, 1877
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
August 21, 1931
Alushta, Crimea
1929 Nominated with S.Flexner by G.Belonovski the only time (id=4999)
Josef Meller[tl] October 22, 1874
Stein an der Donau, Austria-Hungary
November 23, 1968
Vienna, Austria
1929 Nominated by Alb.Botteri the only time (id=6112)
Théodore Tuffier[tm] March 26, 1857
Bellême, France
October 27, 1929
Paris, France
1929 Nominated by René-Adrien Donnet (id=2512) the only time (id=9393)
Carl Correns[tn] September 19, 1864
Munich, German Confederation
February 14, 1933
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1929, 1930 (id=1968)
Frederick Twort[to] October 22, 1877
Camberley, United Kingdom
March 20, 1950
Camberley, England
1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1937 (id=9414)
Pío del Río Hortega[tp] May 5, 1882
Portillo, Valladolid, Spain
June 1, 1945
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1929, 1937 (id=2337)
Alexander Gurwitsch[tq] September 26, 1874
Poltava, Russian Empire
July 27, 1954
Moscow, Russia
1929, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1938 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too (id=3725)
Robin Fåhræus[tr] October 15, 1888
Stockholm, Sweden
September 18, 1968
Lund, Sweden
1929, 1930, 1931, 1935, 1940, 1941 (id=3284)
Upendranath Brahmachari[ts] December 19, 1873
Sardanga, Purbasthali, British India
February 6, 1946
1929, 1942 (id=1279)
Edwin Joseph Cohn[tt] December 17, 1892
New York, United States
October 1, 1953
Boston, United States
1929, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=1872)

1930–1939

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes[3]
1930
Edgar Adrian[tu] November 30, 1889
Hampstead, London, United Kingdom
August 4, 1977
Cambridge, England
1930, 1931, 1932 Shared the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[bf] with Ch.Sc.Sherrington (id=325)
Achille Sclavo[tv] March 21, 1861
Lesegno, Kingdom of Italy
June 2, 1930
Siena, Kingdom of Italy
1914,[243] 1930 Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=8317)
Léon Fredericq[tw] August 24, 1851
Ghent, Belgium
September 2, 1935
Liège, Belgium
1930 (id=3192)
Edwin Beer[tx] March 1876
New York City, United States
August 13, 1938
New York City, United States
1930 Nominated by Al.V.Moschcowitz the only time (id=809)
Richard Ritter von Zeynek[ty] December 9, 1869
Graz, United States
June 28, 1945
Passau, Germany
1930 (id=9897)
Erich Rominger[tz] May 3, 1886
Freiburg im Breisgau, German Empire
January 28, 1967
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1930 (id=7843)
Ludvig Emil Walbum[ua] August 24, 1879
Nakskov, Denmark
September 2, 1943
Gentofte, Denmark
1930 (id=9981)

Nominated with E.Steinach by H.H.Meyer the only time

(id=10063)
Paul Alfred Weiss[ub] March 21, 1898
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
September 8, 1989
White Plains, New York, United States
Alice R Bernheim[uc] September 28, 1878
Cincinnati, United States
July 14, 1968
Cincinnati, United States
1930 Nominated by William Cogswell Clarke (2.7.1872 Tenafly - 1943) (id=1827) the only time (id=937)
Robert Sazerac[ud] September 14, 1875
Limoges, France
1943
1930 Nominated with C.Levaditi by P.P.Ém.Roux the only time (id=8126)
Eugen Bleuler[ue] April 30, 1857
Zollikon, Switzerland
July 15, 1939
Zollikon, Switzerland
1930 Nominated by R.Gaupp the only time (id=1074)
Cornelis Winkler[uf] February 25, 1855
Vianen, Netherlands
May 8, 1941
Hoog Soeren, Netherlands
1930[244] Nominated by C.von Monakow the only time
Alfred Kohn[ug] February 22, 1867
Libin (part of Lubenz), Austria-Hungary
January 15, 1959
Prague, Czechia
1930, 1932 (id=4961)
Pietro Tullio[uh] 1881
San Vito al Tagliamento, Kingdom of Italy
1941
Genoa, Kingdom of Italy
1930, 1932 (id=9395)
Jules Gonin[ui] August 10, 1870
Lausanne, Switzerland
June 10, 1935
Lausanne, Switzerland
1930, 1934, 1935, 1936[245] (id=3537)
William Hallock Park[uj] December 30, 1863
New York City, United States
April 6, 1939
New York City, United States
1930, 1936 (id=6994)
Giuseppe Sanarelli[uk] September 24, 1865
Monte San Savino, Kingdom of Italy
April 6, 1940
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
1930, 1935, 1936, 1937 (id=8075)
Rudolf Weigl[ul] September 2, 1883
Prerau, Austria-Hungary
August 11, 1957
Zakopane, Poland
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 (id=10051)
Frank Charles Mann[um] September 11, 1887
Adams County, Indiana, United States
September 30, 1962
1930, 1931, 1934, 1936, 1939, 1941 (id=5869)
René Leriche[un] October 12, 1879
Roanne, France
December 20, 1955
Cassis, France
1930, 1931,[246] 1934, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1943, 1944, 1946,[247] 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=5400)
Gaston Ramon[uo] September 30, 1886
Bellechaume, France
June 8, 1963
Paris, France
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942,[248] 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=7545)
1931
Edward Adelbert Doisy[up] November 13, 1893
Hume, Illinois, United States
October 23, 1986
St. Louis, United States
1931, 1936, 1941, 1944 Shared the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[uq] with C.P.H.Dam one year later (id=2485)
Bernardo Houssay[ur] April 10, 1887
Buenos Aires, Argentina
September 21, 1971
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1948 Shared the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[us] with C.F.Cori and G.Th.Cori (id=4324)
Victor Heiser February 5, 1873
Johnstown, Pennsylvania, United States
February 27, 1972
Brooklyn, New York City, United States
1931 Nominated the only time by Arthur D. Hirschfelder with Ch.Harington and jointly[ut] with L.Rogers (id=4019)
Henry Herbert Donaldson[uu] May 12, 1857
Yonkers, New York, United States
January 23, 1938
Philadelphia, United States
1931 Nominated by Samuel Weiller Fernberger (Philadelphia: 4.6.1887-2.5.1956) (id=2957) the only time (id=2499)
James Ewing[uv] December 25, 1866
Pittsburgh, United States
May 16, 1943
New York City, United States
1931 Nominated by G.E.Pfahler the only time (id=2869)
Berkeley Moynihan[uw] October 2, 1865
Malta, British Empire
September 7, 1936
1931 Nominated with Th.Lewis by George Ernest Gask (1875-1951) (id=3346) the only time (id=6491)
Henry Drysdale Dakin March 12, 1880
London, United Kingdom
February 10, 1952
Scarsdale, New York, United States
1931 Nominated jointly[ux] with G.Minot by J.Fr.McClendon the only time (id=2106)
Jean-François Heymans[uy] December 25, 1859
Gooik, Belgium
April 10, 1932
Middelkerke, Belgium
1931 (id=4151)
Jean Eugène Bataillon[uz] October 22, 1864
Annoire, France
November 1, 1953
Montpellier, France
1931 Nominated by Jean Turchini (4.7.1894 - 4.1.1979) (id=9404) the only time (id=741)
Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz[va] August 6, 1853
Wesel, German Confederation
July 13, 1932
Berlin, Weimar Germany
1931 Nominated with F.Sauerbruch by A.Bier the only time (id=8263)
Moses Swick (Goldstein)[vb] February 16, 1900
New York City, United States
August 7, 1985
New York City, United States
1931 Nominated with Edw.Ad.Doisy by Henry Erdmann Radasch (7.5.1874 Keokuk, Iowa - 29.11.1942 Philadelphia) (id=7520) the only time (id=8931)
Wolfgang Ostwald[vc] May 27, 1883
Riga, Russian Empire
November 22, 1943
Dresden, Nazi Germany
1931 Nominated with L.Michaelis and Otto H.Warburg by K.Spiro the only time (id=6914)
Giuseppe Levi[vd] October 14, 1872
Triest, Austria-Hungary
February 3, 1965
Turin, Italy
1931 Nominated by Ang.C.Bruni the only time (id=5428)
Fernand Arloing[ve] February 28, 1876
Toulouse, France
September 9, 1944
Lyon, France
1931[249] Nominated by Charles Auguste "Maurice" Patel (Lyon: 13.12.1875-9.6.1967) (id=7019) the only time
Phoebus Levene[vf] February 25, 1869
Sagor, Russian Empire
September 6, 1940
New York City, United States
1931, 1932, 1934, 1938 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5423)
Kure Ken[vg] October 27, 1883
Tokyo, Japan
June 27, 1940
Tokyo, Japan
1931, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939 (id=5096)
Alfred Newton Richards[vh] March 22, 1876
Stamford, New York, United States
March 24, 1966
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States
1931, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942,[250] 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1950 (id=7704)
August Ludolf Brauer[vi] July 1, 1865
Rittergut Hohenhaus, Kingdom of Prussia
November 25, 1951
Munich, Germany
1931, 1948, 1949, 1952 (id=1295)
Bernhard Zondek[vj] July 29, 1891
Wronke, German Empire
November 8, 1966
New York City, United States
1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941,[251] 1952, 1953 (id=10421)
Selmar Aschheim[vk] October 4, 1878
Berlin, German Empire
February 15, 1965
Paris, France
1931, 1932, 1933,[252] 1934, 1936, 1937, 1941,[251] 1952, 1953 (id=523)
1932
Hermann Joseph Muller[vl] December 21, 1890
New York City, United States
April 5, 1967
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
1932, 1934,[178] 1939, 1940, 1945, 1946, 1947 Won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[vm] (id=6501)
James B. Sumner[vn] November 19, 1887
Canton, Massachusetts, United States
August 12, 1955
Buffalo, New York, United States
1932, 1939, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1946 Shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[vo] (id=8895)



(J.H.Northrop (id=6764) jointly[vp] with W.M.Stanley
)
John Howard Northrop[vq] July 5, 1891
Yonkers, New York, United States
May 27, 1987
Wickenburg, Arizona, United States
1932, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946
Ernst Löwenstein January 24, 1878
Karlsbad, Austria-Hungary
August 28, 1950
Berkeley, California, United States
1932 Nominated jointly[vr] with G.Ramon by L.Ch.Alb.Calmette the only time (id=5741)
Heinrich William (Wilhelm) Poll August 5, 1877
Berlin, German Empire
June 12, 1939
Lund, Sweden
1932 (id=7323)

Nominated jointly[vs] and with F.d'Hérelle by R.Müller the only time

(id=8521)
Hermann Werner Siemens August 20, 1891
Charlottenburg, Berlin, German Empire
December 21, 1969
Leiden, Netherlands
Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer[vt] July 16, 1896
Wildeck, German Empire
August 8, 1969
Münster, Germany
1932 Nominated by Aemilius Bernardus Droogleever Fortuyn (7.11.1886 Rotterdam - 13.8.1970 Utrecht) (id=3131 id=2544) the only time (id=9882)
Marcel Labbé[vu] December 4, 1870
Le Havre, France
May 29, 1939
Paris, France
1932 Nominated by Ahm.Z.P.Birgi the only time (id=5130)
Henri Joseph Gaudier[vv] April 6, 1866
Mâcon, France
July 1942
Lille, France
1932 (id=3355)
Stanley Rossiter Benedict March 17, 1884
Cincinnati, United States
December 21, 1936
Elmsford, New York, United States
1932 Nominated jointly[vw] with Otto Folin by Victor Caril Myers (13.4.1883 Buskirk Bridge, New York - 7.10.1948 New York City) (id=6544) the only time (id=858)
William Robert Smith[vx] May 28, 1850
Plumstead, United Kingdom
March 17, 1932
London, England
1932 Nominated by Th.Oliver the only time but died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=8618)
Kemal Cenap Berksoy[vy] 1875
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
November 28, 1949
1932 Nominated by S.Akn.Hamdi the only time (id=2454)
Heinrich Ewald Hering[vz] May 3, 1866
Vienna, Austrian Empire
December 12, 1948
Papenhusen, Germany
1932, 1933, 1934, 1937 (id=4036)
Elmer McCollum[wa] March 3, 1879
Redfield, Kansas, United States
November 15, 1967
Baltimore, United States
1932, 1934, 1936,[253] 1943 (id=6048)
Einar Lundsgaard[wb] February 12, 1899
Frederiksberg, Denmark
December 18, 1968
Copenhagen, Denmark
1932, 1952 (id=5700)
Wilbur Willis Swingle[wc] January 11, 1891
Warrensburg, Missouri, United States
1975
1932 Nominated with G.R.Minot and Osw.Th.Avery Jr. by Lewellys Franklin Barker (1867-1943) (id=710) the only time (id=8937)
Oswald Theodore Avery Jr.[wd] October 21, 1877
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
February 20, 1955
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
1932, 1933, 1934, 1935,[254] 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1942, 1945,[255] 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=574)
David Keilin[we] March 21, 1887
Moscow, Russian Empire
February 27, 1963
Cambridge, England
1932, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1945, 1946, 1950, 1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=4768)
1933
Walter Rudolf Hess[wf] March 17, 1881
Frauenfeld, Switzerland
August 12, 1973
Locarno, Switzerland
1933, 1935, 1939, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949 Shared the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[wg] with Ant.C.de Abr.Fr. Egas Moniz (id=4129)
Martin Benno Schmidt[wh] August 23, 1863
Leipzig, German Confederation
November 27, 1949
Mittenwald, Germany
1933 Nominated by Georg Burckhard (15.5.1872 Jena – 2.3.1955 Lohr am Main) (id=9660) the only time (id=8206)
Jean Cantacuzène[wi] November 25, 1863
Bucharest, Romania
January 14, 1934
Bucharest, Romania
1933 (id=1587)
Vassili Ivanovich Kedrowski[wj] December 28, 1865
Ovchukhi, Vladimir Governorate, Russian Empire
December 4, 1937
Moscow, Russia
1933 Nominated by M.M.Neviadomski (1883–1969) (id=6668) the only time (id=4751)
Albrecht Eduard Bernhard Nocht[wk] November 4, 1857
Landeshut in Niederschlesien, German Confederation
June 5, 1945
Wiesbaden, Germany
1933 Nominated by K.Ad.Poppe the only time (id=6730)
Themistocles Gluck[wl] November 30, 1853
Iaşi, Moldavia
April 25, 1942
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1933 (id=3486)
Wilhelm His Jr.[wm] December 29, 1863
Basel, Switzerland
November 10, 1934
Brombach near Lörrach, Nazi Germany
1933[256] Nominated by Fr.Külbs the only time
Karl Wittmaack[wn] January 17, 1876
Berlin, German Empire
January 28, 1972
Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
1933, 1934 Nominated by Otto Fr.Steurer only (id=10271)
Frits Warmolt Went May 18, 1903
Utrecht, Netherlands
May 1, 1990
Little Valley, United States
1933 Nominated jointly[wo] with Fr.Kögl by Otto H.Warburg the only time (id=10080)
Fritz Kögl[wp] September 19, 1897
Munich, German Empire
June 6, 1959
Utrecht, Netherlands
1933, 1940, 1941 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5118)
Friedrich Hermann Rein[wq] February 22, 1867
Mitwitz, Kingdom of Bavaria
January 15, 1959
Göttingen, Germany
1933, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1944,[241] 1951, 1952 (id=7640 id=7638)
1934
Albert Imre Szent-Györgyi
de Nagyrápolt
[wr]
September 16, 1893
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
October 22, 1986
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937,


1951
Won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[ws] (id=9868)
Corneille Heymans[wt] March 28, 1892
Ghent, Belgium
July 18, 1968
Knokke, Belgium
1934, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940[257] Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[wu] a year later (id=4149)
Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson[wv] December 6, 1878
Cedarville, New Jersey, United States
May 12, 1937
London, England
1934 Nominated by L.Benedek the only time (id=10227)
James Lionel Alloway, II[ww] January 15, 1900
Columbus, Ohio, United States
February 7, 1954
Tucson, Arizona, United States
1934 (id=382)

Nominated by Wilfred Hamilton Manwaring (14.9.1871 Ashland – 19.6.1960) (id=5884) the only time

(id=3769)
Philip Bardwell Hadley[wx] January 10, 1881
Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts, United States
December 8, 1963
Cedarville, United States
André de Coulon April 10, 1890
Neuchâtel, Switzerland
September 24, 1935
Neuchâtel, Switzerland
1934 (id=2218)

Nominated jointly[wy] by L.C.Maillard the only time

(id=9682)
Fred Manuel Raoul Vlès January 22, 1885
Le Havre, France
July 2, 1944
Dachau, Nazi Germany
Petr Lazarev[wz] April 14, 1878
Moscow, Russian Empire
April 24, 1942
Almaty, Kazakhstan
1934 Nominated by G Belonovski the only time (id=5245)
Robert William Philip[xa] December 29, 1857
Govan, United Kingdom
April 24, 1942
Edinburgh, Scotland
1934 Nominated by John Robertson (8.10.1862 Warminster - 16.12.1936 The Hollies on Court Oak Road) (id=7772) the only time (id=7212)
Antônio Cardoso Fontes[xb] October 6, 1879
Petrópolis, Brasil
March 27, 1943
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
1934 Nominated with G.Ramon by M.Weinberg the only time (id=3102)
Emile - André Tournade[xc] January 12, 1881
La Rochelle, France
September 21, 1942
Paris, France
1934 (id=9322)
Enrique Fedrico Mauricio Paschen[xd] December 30, 1860
Tacubaya, Mexico
October 22, 1936
Hamburg, Nazi Germany
1934 (id=7009)
Pierre Masson[xe] November 12, 1880
Dijon, France
May 11, 1959
Montreal, Canada
1934 Nominated by Eber Landau the only time (id=5985)
Alexander von Lichtenberg[xf] January 20, 1880
Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary
April 21, 1949
Mexico City, Mexico
1934 Nominated by Ralph Michael LeComte (19.2.1888 Butler - 11.3.1954 Washington, D.C.) (id=5329) the only time (id=9812)
William Alanson White[xg] January 24, 1870
Brooklyn, United States
March 7, 1937
Washington, D.C., United States
1934 Nominated by Frank Frazier Hutchins (Indianapolis: 9.2.1870-22.9.1942) (id=4393) the only time (id=10140)
Giovanni Vitali[xh] April 15, 1876
Foiano della Chiana, Kingdom of Italy
August 22, 1963
Pisa, Italy
1934 (id=9677)
Torsten Johansson Hellman[xi] April 3, 1878
Skara Municipality, Sweden
December 14, 1944
Lund Municipality, Sweden
1934 (id=4032)
Aleksei Bach[xj] March 17, 1857
Zolotonosha, Russian Empire
May 13, 1946
Moscow, Russia
1934[258] Nominated with L.Éd.Lapicque and C.Al.Neuberg by L.S.Stern the only time
Karl Friedrich Schönhöfer January 1, 1892
Speyer, German Empire
February 11, 1965
Wuppertal, Germany
1934 (id=8312)

Nominated jointly[xk] with W.Schulemann by G. Giemsa the only time

(id=10243)
August Wingler August 14, 1898
Konstanz, German Empire
1960
Werner Schulemann[xl] May 4, 1888
Neisse, German Empire
June 20, 1975
Bonn, Germany
1934, 1935 (id=8247)
Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=8248)
Leon Orbeli[xm] July 7, 1882
Tsaghkadzor, Russian Empire
December 9, 1958
Leningrad, Russia
1934, 1935 (id=6878)
Walter Dandy[xn] April 6, 1886
Sedalia, Missouri, United States
April 19, 1946
Baltimore, United States
1934, 1936 (id=2124)
Grafton Elliot Smith[xo] August 15, 1871
Grafton, New South Wales, Australia
January 1, 1937
Broadstairs, England
1934, 1936 (id=2766)
Alexei Dmitrijewitsch Speranski[xp] January 11, 1888
Urzhum, Russian Empire
July 23, 1961
Moscow, Russia
1934, 1936, 1937,[259] 1942[260] (id=8692)
Edgar Allen[xq] May 2, 1892
Cañon City, Colorado, United States
February 3, 1943
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
1934, 1936, 1938, 1940 (id=375)
Philip Edward Smith[xr] January 1, 1884
De Smet, South Dakota, United States
December 8, 1970
Florence, Massachusetts, United States
1934, 1935, 1953 (id=8617)
František Karel Studnička[xs] November 25, 1870
Prague, Austria-Hungary
August 2, 1955
Prague, Czechia
1934, 1953 (id=8865)
1935
Joseph Erlanger[xt] January 5, 1874
San Francisco, United States
December 5, 1965
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945[261] (id=2823)

Shared the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[xu]

(id=3351)
Herbert Spencer Gasser[xv] July 5, 1888
Platteville, Wisconsin, United States
May 11, 1963
New York City, United States
Adolf Butenandt[xw] March 24, 1903
Lehe, German Empire
January 18, 1995
Munich, Germany
1935, 1936, 1940 Shared the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[xx] with L.Ružička (id=1487)
Richard Bruynoghe[xy] November 4, 1881
Alveringem, Belgium
March 26, 1957
Leuven, Belgium
1935 Nominated by Al.M.Besredka the only time (id=1410)
Alf Vilhelm A:son Westergren December 17, 1891
Stockholm, Sweden
December 15, 1968
Stockholm, Sweden
1935 Nominated jointly[xz] with R.S.Fåhræus by Östen Holsti the only time (id=10105)
Wu Lien-teh[ya] March 10, 1879
Penang, British Empire
January 21, 1960
Penang, Federation of Malaya
1935 Nominated by W.W.Cadbury the only time (id=10325)
Albert-Pierre-Jean Dustin[yb] December 12, 1884
October 29, 1942
1935 Nominated by Eber Landau the only time (id=2620)
Joseph Francis McCarthy[yc] June 12, 1874
Yonkers, New York, United States
January 21, 1965
1935 Nominated by Robert Harry Herbst (1877 - 15.5.1951 Highland Park, Illinois) (id=4072) the only time (id=6045)
Charles Halliley Kellaway[yd] January 16, 1889
Melbourne, Australia
December 13, 1952
London, United Kingdom
1935 Nominated by H.Sutton the only time (id=4772)
John Albert Kolmer[ye] April 24, 1886
Lonaconing, Maryland, United States
December 11, 1962
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
1935 Nominated by Frederick Todd “Fred” Cadham (Winnipeg: 9.2.1880-29.1.1961) (id=1529) the only time (id=4973)
Joseph Louis Svirbely August 6, 1906
Duquesne, Pennsylvania, United States
1995 1935[262] Nominated jointly[yf] with Alb.Szent-Györgyi by professor of biochemistry Guillermo Víctor Stuckert (23.1.1889 Córdoba - after 1955) from the National University of Córdoba the only time
William Bosworth Castle[yg] October 21, 1897
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
August 9, 1990
Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
1935, 1938 (id=1658)
Chevalier Quixote Jackson[yh] November 4, 1865
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
August 16, 1958
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
1935, 1939 (id=4505)
Takaoki Sasaki[yi] May 5, 1878
Tokyo, Japan
October 31, 1966
Tokyo, Japan
1935, 1936, 1939, 1941 (id=8107)
Andrew Conway Ivy[yj] February 25, 1893
Farmington,_Missouri, United States
February 7, 1978
Oak Park, Illinois, United States
1935, 1950 (id=4502)
1936
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell[yk] July 6, 1903
Linköping, Sweden
August 15, 1982
Stockholm, Sweden
1936, 1939, 1945, 1953 Won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[yl] and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=9207)
Jean Henri DeMoor April 25, 1867
Etterbeek, Belgium
April 26, 1941
Brussels, Belgium
1936 Nominated jointly[ym] with Otto Loewi by Robert John Stewart McDowall (1892-1990) (id=6051) the only time (id=2367)
Isidor Clinton Rubin[yn] January 8, 1883
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
July 10, 1958
London, United Kingdom
1936 Nominated by Ira I. Kaplan (11.10.1887 New York City - 15.3.1963) (id=4707) the only time (id=7946)
George Washington Corner[yo] December 12, 1889
Baltimore, United States
September 28, 1981
Huntsville, Alabama, United States
1936 Nominated with Frank Charles Mann (id=5869) by G.H.Whipple the only time (id=1960)
Koichi Ichikawa 1888
Amabikimura, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
1948
1936 Nominated jointly[yp] with T.Sasaki and K.Yamagiwa by R.Kimura (id=4847) the only time (id=4436)
Charles Albert Elsberg[yq] August 24, 1871
New York City, United States
1948
1936 Nominated by Frederick Tilney (id=9274) the only time (id=2770)
Hermann Hubert Knaus[yr] October 19, 1892
Sankt Veit an der Glan, Austria-Hungary
August 22, 1970
Graz, Austria
1936 Nominated with Fr.H.Rein by W.Nonnenbruch the only time (id=4916)
Francis Carter Wood[ys] December 30, 1869
Columbus, Ohio, United States
January 5, 1951
1936 Nominated by Rudolf Carl Robert Denig (8.12.1867 Grünstadt - 22.7.1960) (id=2374) the only time (id=10297)
Robert Thomson Leiper[yt] April 17, 1881
Witch Road, Kilmarnock, United Kingdom
May 21, 1969
1936 Nominated by John Gordon Thomson (1878 Linlithgowshire - 13.8.1937 London) (id=9243) the only time (id=5356)
Nils Herman Nilsson-Ehle[yu] February 12, 1873
Skurup, Sweden
December 29, 1949
Lund, Sweden
1936 (id=6708)
Victor Veau[yv] December 8, 1871
Glogau, German Empire
May 16, 1949
1936 Nominated by Bernhard Mayrhofer (21.1.1868–1.8.1938) (id=6027) the only time (id=9575)
Allan Roy Dafoe[yw] May 29, 1883
Madoc, Canada
June 2, 1943
North Bay, Ontario, Canada
1936[263] Nominated by Hugh Alister McGuigan (29.3.1874 Lisnoe - 1964 Evanston) (id=6039) the only time
Sir Patrick Playfair Laidlaw[yx] September 26, 1881
Glasgow, United Kingdom
March 20, 1940
London, United Kingdom
1936, 1937 (id=5166)
Selig Hecht[yy] 1892
Glogau, German Empire
1947
1936 Nominated with Th.M.Rivers by Bret Ratner (25.4.1893 Brooklyn, New York City - 11.10.1957) (id=7578) the only time (id=3973)
Thomas Milton Rivers[yz] September 3, 1888
Jonesboro, Georgia, United States
May 12, 1962
Forest Hills, Queens, New York, United States
1936, 1939 (id=7759)
Robert Doerr[za] November 1, 1871
Técső, Kingdom of Hungary
January 6, 1952
Basel, Switzerland
1936, 1943 (id=2468)
Antoine Lacassagne[zb] August 29, 1884
Villerest, France
December 16, 1971
Paris, France
1936, 1953 (id=5133)
Kuno Yasu[zc] March 30, 1882
Nagoya, Japan
December 30, 1977
1936, 1938, 1953 (id=5094)
Gregory Shwartzman[zd] May 26, 1896
Odessa, Russian Empire
July 25, 1965
New York City, United States
1936, 1953 (id=8281 id=8509)
James Wilfred Cook[ze] December 10, 1900
London, United Kingdom
October 21, 1975
Exeter, England
1936, 1937, 1941,[264] 1942 Nominated jointly with Ern.Kennaway mainly and
for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=1933)
Ernest Kennaway[zf] May 23, 1881
Exeter, United Kingdom
January 1, 1958
St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England
1936, 1937, 1941,[264] 1942, 1946, 1951, 1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=4791)
1937
Izrael Hieger June 13, 1901
Siedlce, Russian Empire
October 14, 1986
1937, 1942[265] (id=4160)


Nominated jointly[zg] with J.W.Cook and Ern.Kennaway only


(id=6020)
William Valentine Mayneord February 14, 1902
Redditch, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
August 10, 1988
1937, 1942[266]
Max Theiler[zh] January 30, 1899
Pretoria, South African Republic
August 11, 1972
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
1937, 1948, 1950, 1951 Won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[zi] (id=9202)
Wendell Meredith Stanley[zj] August 16, 1904
Ridgeville, Indiana, United States
June 15, 1971
Salamanca, Spain
1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1947 (id=8731 id=8732)
Shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with J.B.Sumner and jointly[zk] with J.H.Northrop
Moses Kunitz[zl] December 19, 1887
Slonim, Russian Empire
April 21, 1978
Philadelphia, United States
1937 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5093)
Auguste Lumière[zm] 19 October 1862
Besançon, France
10 April 1954
Bandol, France
1937 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too

(id=5691)
Hans Karl Gustav Schmidt February 20, 1886
Höchst am Main, German Empire
April 20, 1959
Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany
1937 Nominated jointly[zn] with P.Th.Uhlenhuth only (id=8204)
Robert Tilden Frank[zo] May 11, 1875
New York City, United States
October 15, 1949
New York City, United States
1937 Nominated by A.D.Hirschfelder the only time (id=3178)
Henri Coutard August 27, 1876
Marolles-les-Braults, France
March 16, 1950
Le Mans, France
1937 Nominated jointly[zp] with Cl.Regaud only (id=2007)
Francis Hoeffer McMechan[zq] January 16, 1879
Cincinnati, United States
June 29, 1939
Cleveland, United States
1937 Nominated by Marion Sylvester Dooley (23.12.1879 Cedar Grove - 1958) (id=2515) the only time (id=6061)
Hans Christian Hagedorn[zr] March 6, 1888
Copenhagen, Denmark
October 6, 1971
Gentofte, Denmark
1937 Nominated by Anne Bourquin (id=1239) the only time (id=6061)
George Oswald Burr October 6, 1896
Conway, Arkansas, United States
1992
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
1937 Nominated jointly[zs] with H.McL.Evans by J.Fr.McClendon the only time (id=1467)
René Chevallier[zt] ?
?
1937 Nominated by Jean Marie Paviot (Lyon: 14.11.1866-13.12.1944) (id=7053) the only time (id=1762)
Ralph Robinson Parker February 23, 1888
Malden, Massachusetts, United States
September 4, 1949
Hamilton, Montana, United States
1937 (id=6996)

Nominated jointly[zu] by H.Beitzke the only time

(id=8691)
Roscoe Roy Spencer July 28, 1888
King William County, Virginia, United States
January 10, 1982
Lynchburg, Virginia, United States
William Burridge[zv] July 1, 1885
April 21, 1955
Dartford, England
1937 Nominated by Gladys Helen Marchant (21.9.1891 Calcutta - 1969) (id=5892) the only time (id=1469)
Félix Augustin Dévé[zw] November 10, 1872
Beauvais, France
September 1, 1951
Paris, France
1937 Nominated by Marcel Virgile Chaton (17.7.1881 Bracon - 1955) (id=1740) the only time (id=1469)
Alexandre Joseph Émile Brumpt[zx] March 10, 1877
Paris, France
July 8, 1951
Paris, France
1937 Nominated by Jean Jérome Augustin Bussière (1872-25.10.1958) (id=1483) the only time (id=1390)
Fred (Friedrich) Neufeld[zy] February 17, 1869
Danzig, North German Confederation
April 18, 1945
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1937 (id=6662)
Ferdinand-Jean (János) Darier[zz] April 26, 1856
Pest, Kingdom of Hungary
June 4, 1938
Longpont-sur-Orge, France
1937 Nominated by L.S.Nékám the only time (id=2136)
Max Askanazy[aaa] February 24, 1865
Stallupönen, Province of Prussia
October 23, 1940
Geneva, Switzerland
1937 Nominated by Albert-Rene Jentzer (18.5.1886 Plainpalais - 1964) (id=4585) the only time (id=535)
Nikolay Nikolayevich Anichkov[aab] November 3, 1885
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
December 7, 1964
Leningrad, Russia
1937 Nominated by P.Nolf the only time (id=453)
Charles Horace Mayo[aac] July 19, 1865
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
May 26, 1939
Chicago, United States
1937 Nominated with his brother W.J.Mayo only (id=6022)
Maurice Favre May 18, 1876
Les Rousses, France
December 16, 1954
Lyon, France
1937[aad] (id=2930)
Joseph Nicolas August 11, 1868
Lyon, France
September 20, 1960
Cannes, France
Nominated jointly with M.Favre by F.Arloing the only time (id=6682)
Russell LaFayette Cecil[aae] 1881
June 1, 1965
1937[267] Nominated by clinical professor of diseases of children Gayles W. Graves from the New York University the only time
Carl Gustaf "Gösta" Abrahamsson Forssell[aaf] March 2, 1876
Vassbo, Kopparbergs län, Sweden
November 13, 1950
Danderyd Municipality, Sweden
1937, 1939, 1940, 1941,[268] 1945[269] (id=3120)
Nicola Pende[aag] April 21, 1880
Noicattaro, Kingdom of Italy
June 8, 1970
Rome, Italy
1937, 1943, 1951 (id=7095)
Ernest William Goodpasture[aah] October 17, 1886
Clarksville, Tennessee, United States
September 20, 1960
Nashville, United States
1937, 1942,[248] 1945,[270] 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=3545)
Michael Heidelberger[aai] April 29, 1888
New York City, United States
June 25, 1991
New York City, United States
1937, 1938, 1939, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=3995)
1938 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk[aaj] October 30, 1895
Lagow, German Empire
April 24, 1964
Burgberg, Germany
1938, 1939, 1940,[271]

1951, 1952, 1953
Won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[aak] (id=2494)
Perrin Hamilton Long[aal] April 7, 1899
Bryan, Ohio, United States
December 17, 1965
Edgartown, Massachusetts, United States
1938 Nominated by George W. Raiziss (id=7532) the only time:
P.H.Long (id=5600) - with G.J.P.Domagk and Ph.Levene;

Fr.Nitti (id=6721) - jointly[aam] with J.Tréfouël
Frédéric Nitti September 20, 1903
Ischia, Campania, Kingdom of Italy
March 2, 1947
Rome, Italy
Jacques Tréfouël[aan] November 9, 1897
Le Raincy, France
July 11, 1977
Paris, France
1938, 1948 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=9338)
Magnus John Karl August Forssman[aao] November 22, 1868
Kalmar, Sweden
March 12, 1947
Lund, Sweden
1938 Nominated by R.Bruynoghe the only time (id=3124)
Leonard George Rowntree[aap] April 10, 1883
London, Ontario, Canada
June 2, 1959
Miami Beach, Florida, United States
1938 (id=7937)
Carlo Ceni[aaq] May 15, 1866
Brignano Gera d'Adda, Kingdom of Italy
March 13, 1965
Bologna, Italy
1938 (id=1683)
Albert Louis Brown[aar] February 27, 1899
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
June, 10, 1963
1938 (id=1373)

Nominated by Sidney Lange (id=5217) the only time

(id=5706)
Louis Aryah Lurie[aas] February 10, 1886
Salant, Russian Empire
after 1959
Adolfo Lutz[aat] December 18, 1855
Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil
October 6, 1940
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1938 Nominated by Octavio Magalhaes (id=5802) the only time (id=5713)
Frank Alexander Hartman[aau] December 4, 1883
Gibbon, Nebraska, United States
March 21, 1971
Columbus, Ohio, United States
1938 Nominated by David Andrew Tucker, Jr. (21.12.1890 near Greensburg - 3.6.1958 Cincinnati) (id=9392) the only time (id=3917)
Erik Matteo Prochet Widmark[aav] June 13, 1889
Helsingborg, Sweden
April 30, 1945
1938 Nominated by W.Schwarzacher the only time (id=10153)
Anton Freiherr von Eiselsberg[aaw] July 31, 1860
Schloss Steinhaus, Austrian Empire, German Confederation
October 25, 1939
St._Valentin, Lower Austria, Nazi Germany
1938 (id=9743)
Theodor Christian Brun Frølich[aax] September 29, 1870
Kristiania, Norway
August 14, 1947
Oslo, Norway
1938 Nominated by J.M.Holst[aay] the only time (id=3262)
Bun-ichi Hasama[aaz] ?
?
1938 (id=3926)

Nominated with Al.G.Gurwitsch and Al.L.von Muralt by Albr.J.Th.Bethe the only time

(id=9786)
Erich Walther von Holst[aba] November 28, 1908
Riga, Russian Empire
May 26, 1962
Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany
Alexander Ludwig von Muralt[abb] August 19, 1903
Zürich, Switzerland
May 28, 1990
Arni, Bern, Switzerland
1938, 1950 (id=9829)
Francesco Pentimalli[abc] November 28, 1885
Palmi, Calabria, Kingdom of Italy
April 26, 1958
Rome, Italy
1938, 1942 (id=7099)
Edward Carl Rosenow[abd] July 14, 1875
Fountain City or Alma,
Wisconsin, United States
March 7, 1966
Minneapolis, United States
1938, 1948 Nominated by M.H.Fischer only (id=7876)
Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff, Sr.[abe] August 9, 1897
Geneva, New York, United States
November 3, 1994
Tucson, Arizona, United States
1938, 1948 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=10521)
Harry Goldblatt[abf] March 14, 1891
Muscatine, Iowa, United States
January 6, 1977
Cleveland, United States
1938, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1947, 1948, 1950 (id=3508)
Manfred Joshua Sakel[abg] June 6, 1900
Nadwirna, Austria-Hungary
December 2, 1957
New York, United States
1938, 1940, 1943, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=8051)
1939
London, Efim Semjonovich[abh] January 9, 1869
Kalvarija, Lithuania, Russian Empire
March 21, 1939
Leningrad, Russia
1930,[272] 1934,[273] 1939 Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=5596)
Charles Dhéré[abi] March 5, 1876
Paris, France
January 18, 1955
Geneva, Switzerland
1939 Nominated with W.R.Hess and Ax.H.Th.Theorell by H.Zangger the only time (id=2648)
Hendrik Gerard Bungenberg de Jong[abj] May 27, 1893
The Hague, Netherlands
May 7, 1977
Arnhem, Netherlands
1939 Nominated by Aemilius Bernardus Droogleever Fortuyn (7.11.1886 Rotterdam - 13.8.1970 Utrecht) (id=2544 id=3131) the only time (id=1447)
Makoto Ishihara[abk] May 18, 1879
Itami, Japan
December 11, 1938
1939 Nominated posthumously by Daize Ogata (id=6833) the only time (id=4489)
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham[abl] December 9, 1900
London, United Kingdom
March 24, 1995
Cambridge, England
1939 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too (id=6627)
Frederick Charles Bawden August 18, 1908
North Tawton, United Kingdom
February 8, 1972
Harpenden, England
1939 (id=769)

Jointly[abm] nominated only
including for the Nobel Peace in Chemistry too

(id=7273)
Norman Wingate Pirie July 1, 1907
Easebourne, United Kingdom
March 29, 1997
Harpenden, England
Gustave Roussy[abn] November 24, 1874
Vevey, Switzerland
September 30, 1948
Paris, France
1939 Nominated with P.A.Bouin and L.Éd.Lapicque by C.Cordier (id=1949) the only time (id=7922)
Leo Loeb[abo] September 21, 1869
Mayen, North German Confederation
December 28, 1959
St. Louis, United States
1939 Nominated by Edmund Vincent Cowdry (18.7.1888 Fort Macleod - 25.6.1975 St. Louis) (id=2010) the only time (id=5572)
Riuso Torikata[abp] ?
?
1939 Nominated by Kohei Koyano (id=5012) the only time (id=9314)
Rudolf Spanner[abq] April 17, 1895
Metternich bei Koblenz, German Empire
August 31, 1960
Cologne, Germany
1939 Nominated with Quinto Calabro (id=1535) by Pr.Dorello the only time (id=8684)
Quinto Calabro[abr] 1905
1987
1939 (id=1535)

Nominated by Pr.Dorello and Osv.Polimanti only

(id=4618)




(id=4654)




(id=5396)




(id=1066)




(id=1935)




(id=3144)




(id=8694)




(id=8943)
Norman Hayhurst Jolliffe August 18, 1901
Knob Fork, West Virginia, United States
August 1, 1961
New York, United States
1939[abs]
Thomas Hughes Jukes August 26, 1906
Hastings, United Kingdom
November 1, 1999
Samuel Lepkovsky November 15 (or February), 1899
April 12, 1984
Oakland, California, United States
Marion Arthur Blankenhorn November 13, 1885
Orrville, Ohio, United States
September 3, 1957
Cincinnati, United States
Clark Neil (Niel) Cooper December 26, 1904
Villisca, Iowa, United States
April 7, 1973
Naples, Florida, United States
Paul Jones Fouts June 15, 1905
Centerville, Indiana, United States
September 5, 1973
Marion, Indiana, United States
Tom Douglas Spies September 21, 1902
Ravenna, Texas, United States
February 28, 1960
New York, United States
Virgil Preston Willis Sydenstricker July 15, 1889
Hamilton, Missouri, United States
December 12, 1964
Augusta, Georgia, United States
Julian Meade Ruffin Aug. 26, 1900
Norfolk, Virginia, United States
Dec. 31, 1978
Orange County, North Carolina, United States
(id=7959)


Nominated by Osv.Polimanti the only time

(id=8605)




(id=8619)
David Tillerson Smith October 1, 1898
near Lebanon, Anderson County, South Carolina, United States
January 20, 1981
Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
Susan Gower Smith December 9, 1895
Greenville County, South Carolina, United States
October 3, 1983
Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
Frank Morgan Strong[abs] December 26, 1908
Alpine, New York, United States
1993
1939, 1940[274] (id=8845)

[abt]

(id=5788)
Robert James Madden

1939, 1940[275]
Dilworth Wayne Woolley[abu] July 20, 1914
Raymond, Alberta, Canada
July 23, 1966
Cuzco, Peru
1939, 1940,[276] 1948, 1949, 1950 (id=10306)
Conrad Arnold Elvehjem[abv] May 27, 1901
McFarland, Wisconsin, United States
July 27, 1962
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
1939, 1940, 1942, 1943, 1947, 1950 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=2777)
May Mellanby May 1, 1882
London, United Kingdom
March 5, 1978
1939 Nominated jointly[abw] with her husband Edw.Mellanby only (id=6108)
Edward Mellanby[abx] April 8, 1884
West Hartlepool, United Kingdom
January 30, 1955
1939, 1947 (id=6109)

1940–1949

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes[3]
1940 - this year Prize was not awarded
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius[aby] August 10, 1902
Stockholm, Sweden
October 29, 1971
Uppsala, Sweden
1940, 1946, 1948, 1949 (id=9282)
Won the 1948 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[abz]
Noël Armand Fiessinger[aca] December 24, 1881
Thaon-les-Vosges, France
January 15, 1946
Paris, France
1940 Nominated by Edmond Benhamou (30.3.1882 Algiers - 14.11.1973 Paris) (id=864) the only time (id=2942)
George Van Siclen Smith September 17, 1900
New York, United States
1984
1940 (id=8610)

Nominated jointly[acb] by Frank Arthur Pemberton (id=7094) the only time

(id=8615)
Olive Watkins Smith April 29, 1901
Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
1983
Willis Cohoon Campbell[acc] 1880
Jackson, Mississippi, United States
1941
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
1940 Nominated by William Thomas Pride (b. 28.10.1881 Huntsville - ?) (id=7415) the only time (id=1569)
Paul Gyorgy[acd] April 7, 1893
Nagyvárad, Austria-Hungary
March 1, 1976
Morristown, New Jersey, United States
1940 Nominated by G.Popovici the only time (id=3750)
Robley Cook Williams[ace] October 13, 1908
Santa Rosa, California, United States
January 3, 1995
Oneonta, New York, United States
1940 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=0207)
Hans Zinsser[acf] November 17, 1878
New York, United States
September 4, 1940
New York, United States
1940, 1941[277] Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=10414)
Josef Klarer[acg] January 10, 1898
Munich, German Empire
June 21, 1953
Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany
1940[271] Nominated by professor Agostino Crosti (1896-1988) from the University of Perugia the only time
Maurizio Ascoli[ach] July 14, 1876
Trieste, Austria-Hungary
August 4, 1958
Palermo, Italy
1940[276] Nominated by V.Ang.Borrino the only time
Hans Berger[aci] May 21, 1873
Neuses, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, German Empire
June 1, 1941
Jena, Nazi Germany
1940, 1942, 1947, 1950 (id=895)
Jan Boeke[acj] October 23, 1874
Hengelo, Netherlands
September 12, 1956
Bandung, Indonesia
1940, 1945, 1951 (id=1110)
1941 - this year Prize was not awarded
Carl Peter Henrik Dam[ack] February 21, 1895
Copenhagen, Denmark
April 17, 1976
Copenhagen, Denmark
1941, 1942, 1943, 1944 Shared the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edw.Ad.Doisy a year later[acl] (id=2119)
Herman James Almquist March 3, 1903
Helena, Montana, United States
January 15, 1994
1941 Nominated jointly [acm] with Edw.Ad.Doisy and L.Fr.Fieser by J.P.Strömbeck the only time (id=385)
Louis Frederick Fieser[acm] April 7, 1899
Columbus, Ohio, United States
July 25, 1977
Belmont, Massachusetts, United States
1941 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=2990)
René Albert Gutmann[acn] December 25, 1885
Paris, France
December 22, 1981
1941 Nominated by Luis Carlos Cadavid (id=1525) the only time (id=8320)
Theophilus Shickel Painter[aco] August 22, 1889
October 5, 1969
1941 Nominated by H.J.Chr. de Winiwarter the only time (id=6951)
Hilding Berglund June 2, 1887
Karlskrona, Sweden
May 12, 1962
Engelbrekt Parish, Sweden
1941 (id=901)


Nominated jointly[acp] by B.P.Babkin the only time

(id=3847)



(id=10451)
Einar Hammarsten January 4, 1889
Norrköping, Sweden
February 16, 1968
Solna, Sweden
Gunnar Ågren February 1, 1907
Nacka, Sweden
November 15, 1982
Uppsala, Sweden
Jesse Louis Bollman February 19, 1896
Springfield, Illinois, United States
February 9, 1979
Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States
1941 (id=1130)

Nominated jointly[acq] with Fr.Ch.Mann (id=5869) by Albert Compton Broders (8.8.1885 Fairfax – 26.3.1964 Temple) (id=1361) the only time


(id=5805)
Thomas Byrd Magath January 28, 1895
Oxford, Georgia, United States
January 30, 1981
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Alberto Leonardo Barton Thompson[acr] August 12, 1870
Buenos Aires, Argentina
October 25, 1950
Lima, Peru
1941[278] Nominated by C.Enr.Paz Soldán the only time
Niels Christian Klendshoj February 1, 1902
Denmark
?
1941 Nominated jointly[acs] with E.Witebsky by Frederick James Parmenter (24.11.1880 Buffalo - 1962) (id=6999) the only time (id=4901)
Ernst Witebsky[act] September 3, 1901
Frankfurt am Main, German Empire
December 7, 1969
1941, 1950 (id=10266)
Irvine Heinly Page[acu] January 7, 1901
Indianapolis, United States
June 10, 1991
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, United States
1941, 1942, 1945[279] Nominated with H.Goldblatt only (id=6947)
Arthur Stoll[acv] January 8, 1887
Schinznach-Dorf, Switzerland
January 13, 1971
Dornach, Switzerland
1941, 1952, 1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=8815)
1942 - this year Prize was not awarded
Ernst August Friedrich Ruska[acw] December 25, 1906
Heidelberg, German Empire
May 27, 1988
West Berlin, Germany
1942[acx] (id=7977)
Shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics[acy] with G.Binnig and H.Rohrer
Bodo von Borries May 22, 1905
Herford, German Empire
July 17, 1956
Aachen, Germany
Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too (id=9728)
Frederic Andrews Gibbs February 9, 1903
Baltimore, United States
October 18, 1992
Deerfield, Illinois, United States
1942 (id=3419)

Nominated jointly[acz] by L.Benedek the only time


(id=5380)
William Gordon Lennox July 18, 1884
Colorado Springs, United States
July 21, 1960
Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States
Georges de Morsier[ada] February 25, 1894
Paris, France
January 9, 1982
Geneva, Switzerland
1942 (id=2280)

Nominated by Charles Ladame (19.06.1871, Le Locle - 28.10.1949) (id=5142) the only time


(id=2296)
Raoul de Seigneux[adb] October 27, 1865
Morges, Switzerland
March 25, 1947
Rudolph Schoenheimer[adc] May 10, 1898
Berlin, German Empire
September 11, 1941
Yonkers, New York, United States
1942 Nominated posthumously
and for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=8227)
John Augustine English Eyster[add] July 31, 1881
Augusta County, Virginia, United States
March 5, 1960
Fort Myers, Florida, United States
1942 Nominated with J.Erlanger and H.Sp.Gasser only (id=6947)
Eliot Round Clark[ade] November 13, 1881
Shelburne, Massachusetts, United States
1963
1942[280] Nominated by Cl.L.P.Masson the only time
Richard Benedict Goldschmidt[adf] April 12, 1878
Frankfurt am Main, German Empire
April 24, 1958
Berkeley, California, United States
1942[281] Nominated by R.Cr.Punnett the only time
Colin Leslie Hewett August 19, 1909
London, United Kingdom
December 22, 1976
Glasgow, United Kingdom
1942[266] Nominated jointly [adg] with W.V.Mayneord by S.Bayne-Jones the only time
William Joseph Elford January 4, 1900
Malmesbury, United Kingdom
February 14, 1952
1942[282] Nominated jointly [adh] with Ern.W.Goodpasture by Níels P. Dungal (14.6.1897 Ísafjörður - 29.10.1965 Reykjavík) (id=2598) the only time
1943 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Vincent du Vigneaud[adi] May 18, 1901
Chicago, United States
December 11, 1978
White Plains, New York, United States
1943, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951 (id=2555)
Won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[adj]
Stephen Walter Ranson[adk] August 28, 1880
Dodge Center, Minnesota, United States
August 30, 1942
1943 Nominated posthumously the only time with J.Barcroft and H.Goldblatt by W.Br.Cannon (id=7560)
Lionel Ernest Howard Whitby[adl] May 8, 1895
Yeovil, United Kingdom
November 24, 1956
London, England
1943 Nominated by Robert Hughes Parry (3.1.1895 - 1.5.1986) (id=7003) the only time (id=10135)
Samuel Ottmar Mast[adm] October 5, 1871
Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States
February 3, 1947
1943 Nominated by Eduard Carl Adolf Uhlenhuth (19.7.1885 Wolkersdorf, Austria - 5.5.1961) (id=9430) the only time (id=5986)
Harvey Ellsworth Billig, Jr. June 16, 1907
Grand Junction, Colorado, United States
?
1943 (id=1012)


Nominated jointly[adn] by Harlan Shoemaker (id=8501) the only time

(id=9536)



(id=10174)

Anthonie H. van Harreveld February 16, 1904
Haarlem, Netherlands
August 14, 1987
Cornelis Adrianus Gerrit Wiersma October 10, 1905
Naaldwijk, Netherlands
May 18 (or 19), 1979
Pasadena, United States
Giuseppe Pagano[ado] September 21, 1872
Palermo, Kingdom of Italy
August 9, 1959
Palermo, Italy
1943, 1944[283] (id=6946)
Ladislas Joseph Meduna[adp] March 27, 1896
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
October 31, 1964
Chicago, United States
1943, 1950, 1952, 1953 Nominated with M.J.Sakel only (id=2267 id=9822 id=6080)
Ugo Cerletti[adq] September 26, 1877
Conegliano, Kingdom of Italy
July 25, 1963
Rome, Italy
1943, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=1691)
Alexander Fleming[adr] August 6, 1881
Lochfield farm near Darvel, United Kingdom
March 11, 1955
London, United Kingdom
1943, 1944, 1945, 1946,

1952
(id=3058)




(id=3070)

Shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[ads]


(id=1706)
Baron Howard Walter Florey[adr] September 24, 1898
Adelaide, Australia
February 21, 1968
London, United Kingdom
1943, 1944, 1945, 1946
1944
E.B.Chain[adt] June 19, 1906
Berlin, German Empire
August 12, 1979
Castlebar, Ireland
1944, 1945
Arthur Lawrie Tatum[adu] May 17, 1884
Wall Lake, Iowa, United States
November 11, 1955
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
1944 Nominated by George Byron Roth (22.5.1879 Mount Eaton – ?) (id=7910) the only time (id=9014)
Hermann Mooser[adv] May 3, 1891
Maienfeld, Switzerland
June 20, 1971
Zürich, Switzerland
1944 Nominated by H.Schinz the only time (id=6397)
Torald Herman Sollman February 10, 1874
Kolberg, German Empire
February 11, 1965
1944[284] Nominated jointly[adw] by professor of pharmacology Clinton H. Thienes (9.8.1896 Evansville - 18.5.1976) from Los Angeles the only time
Paul John Hanzlik July 24, 1885
near Shueyville, Iowa, United States
February 1, 1951
San Mateo, California, United States
Ichiji Tasaki October 10, 1910
Japan
January 4, 2009
1944[241] Nominated jointly[adx] with G.Kato by A.L.von Muralt the only time
Alfred Vogt October 31, 1879
Menziken, Switzerland
December 10, 1943
Zürich, Switzerland
Nominated posthumously jointly with W.R.Hess by A.L.von Muralt the only time
Mariano Rafael Castex June 10, 1886
Buenos Aires, Argentina
June 30, 1968
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1944[285] Nominated without motivation by J.Belbey the only time
Edwin Bennett Astwood[ady] December 19, 1909
Hamilton, Bermuda
February 17, 1976
Hamilton, Bermuda
1944, 1947, 1948 (id=547)
René Jules Dubos[adz] February 20, 1901
Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, France
February 20, 1982
New York, United States
1944, 1945,[255] 1946, 1949 (id=2559)
1945
Kouchakoff,
Paul Grigor'evich[aea]
1881
Uman, Russian Empire
August 4, 1946
Lausanne, Switzerland
1945 Nominated by Charles Perret (1880 or 1881 – 1960) (id=7131) the only time (id=5003)
Wilton Robinson Earle[aeb] June 22, 1902
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
May 30, 1964
Burtonsville, Maryland, United States
1945[270] Nominated with Alexander Fleming and Ern.W.Goodpasture by professor of ophthalmology William Thornwall Davis (14.1.1877 Little Rock - 16.6.1944 Washington) from Washington, D.C. the only time
Homer William Smith[aec] January 2, 1895
Denver, United States
March 25, 1962
New York, United States
1945, 1946, 1948, 1950 (id=8612)
Torbjörn Oskar Caspersson[aed] October 15, 1910
Motala, Sweden
December 7, 1997
Salem, Sweden
1944,[241] 1945, 1951, 1953 (id=1647)
Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too
1946
Carl Ferdinand Cori[aee] December 5, 1896
Prague, Austria-Hungary
October 20, 1984
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1946, 1947 (id=1953)


Shared the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[aef] with B.Alb.Houssay


(id=1955)
Gerty Theresa Cori[aee] August 15, 1896
Prague, Austria-Hungary
October 26, 1957
Glendale, Missouri, United States
Selman Abraham Waksman[aeg] July 22, 1888
Nova Pryluka, Russian Empire
August 16, 1973
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952 Won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[aeh]
and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=9933)
Hans Adolf Krebs[aei] August 25, 1900
Hildesheim, German Empire
November 22, 1981
Oxford, England
1946, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 Shared the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[aej] with Fr.Alb.Lipmann
and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5042)
Ragnar Arthur Granit[aek] October 30, 1900
Riihimäki, Russian Empire
March 12, 1991
Stockholm, Sweden
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953 Shared the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H.K.Hartline and G.Wald[ael] (id=3606)
Paul Läuger[aem] January 16, 1896
Basel, Switzerland
June 4, 1959
Gentilino, Switzerland
1946 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5729)
Oscar Riddle[aen] September 27, 1877
Cincinnati, Indiana, United States
November 29, 1968
Plant City, Florida, United States
1946 Nominated by Fr.Verzár the only time (id=7724)
Engelgardt, Vladimir Aleksandrovich December 3, 1894
Moscow, Russian Empire
July 10, 1984
Moscow, Russia
1946 (id=2796)

Nominated jointly[aeo] by L.Abg.Orbeli the only time

(id=5544)
Ljubimova,
Militsa Nikolaevna
January 7, 1899
Kazan (?), Russian Empire
December 22, 1975
Moscow, Russia
Frédéric Hippolyte Jean Bosc[aep] 1867
Aubin, France
October 1, 1945
Montpellier, France
1946[286] Nominated posthumously by Georges Massabuau from the University of Montpellier the only time
Max Maurice Strumia[aeq] September 23, 1896
Turin, Kingdom of Italy
January 13, 1972
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States
1946[287] Nominated by Joseph Cooper Birdsall from the University of Pennsylvania the only time
William Cumming Rose[aer] April 4, 1887
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
September 25, 1985
Urbana, Illinois, United States
1946, 1947, 1949 (id=7865)

Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=7866)
Manuel Dias de Abreu[aes] January 4, 1892
São Paulo, Brazil
January 30, 1962
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1946, 1951, 1953 (id=2177)
Philip Levine[aet] September 10, 1900
Kletsk, Russian Empire
October 18, 1987
New York, United States
1946, 1950, 1952, 1953 (id=5431)
Alexander Solomon Wiener[aeu] March 16, 1907
New York, United States
November 6, 1976
New York City, United States
1946, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=10171)
1947
John Boyd Orr[aev] September 23, 1880
Kilmaurs, United Kingdom
June 25, 1971
Edzell, Scotland
1947 (id=1260)
Won the 1949 Nobel Peace Prize[aew]
Norbert Goormaghtigh[aex] February 14, 1890
Ostende, Belgium
January 2, 1960
Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
1946,[288] 1947 (id=3550)
Gabriel Emil Bertrand[aey] May 17, 1867
Paris, France
June 20, 1962
Paris, France
1947 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=953 id=954)
Neil Hamilton Fairley[aez] July 15, 1891
Inglewood, Victoria, Australia
April 19, 1966
Sonning, United Kingdom
1947 (id=2901)
Thomas Graham Brown[afa] March 27, 1882
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
October 28, 1965
Edinburgh, Scotland
1947 Nominated by Robert E. Gesell (23.6.1886 Alma - 19.4.1954 Ann Arbor) (id=3406) the only time (id=1378)
Irvin Forest Huddleson[afb] October 17, 1893
Murphysville, Mason County, Kentucky, United States
May 26, 1964
1947 Nominated by Pedro Pablo Pinero Garcia (19.2.1885 Rosario - 21.7.1949) (id=7257) the only time (id=4343)
Thomas Francis Jr.[afc] July 15, 1880
Gas City, Indiana, United States
October 1, 1969
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
1947 Nominated by John Sundwall (12.6.1880 Fairview - 13.12.1950 Ann Arbor) (id=8904) the only time (id=3159)
Daniel Cody Darrow[afd] February 18, 1895
Fargo, North Dakota, United States
June 20, 1965
1947 Nominated by Arild (or Alfred?) Edsten Hansen (2.6.1899 Minneapolis - 16.10.1962 Oakland) (id=3863) the only time (id=2138)
Alan Gregg[afe] July 11, 1890
Colorado Springs, United States
June 19, 1957
Big Sur, United States
1947 Nominated by Bradley Merrill Patten (1889-1971) (id=7030) the only time (id=3632)
Samuel Phillips Bedson[aff] December 1, 1886
Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
May 11, 1969
1947 Nominated by H.M.Turnbull the only time (id=807)
Horton Corwin Hinshaw, Sr. August 1, 1902
Iowa Falls, United States
December 28, 2000
San Rafael, California, United States
1947 Nominated jointly[afg] with S.Abr.Waksman and W.H.Feldman only (id=4191)
William Hugh Feldman[afh] November 30, 1892
Glasgow, United Kingdom
January 15, 1974
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
1947, 1951 (id=2947)
Edward Charles Dodds[afi] October 13, 1899
Liverpool, United Kingdom
December 16, 1973
Paddington, London, England
1947, 1948 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=2462)
John Joseph Bittner[afj] February 25, 1904
Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States
December 14, 1961
1947, 1948, 1951 (id=1041)
Melvin Henry Knisely[afk] June 17, 1904
Hillman, Michigan, United States
March 30, 1975
Charleston, South Carolina, United States
1947, 1948, 1949, 1951 (id=4920)
Jacques Charpy[afl] March 13, 1900
Montluçon, France
August 1957
Is-sur-Tille, France
1947, 1951, 1952 (id=1738)
Alfred Blalock[afm] April 5, 1899
Culloden, Georgia, United States
September 15, 1964
Baltimore, United States
1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=1061)
Helen Brooke Taussig[afn] May 24, 1898
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
May 20, 1986
Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, United States
1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=9017)
James-Paul Reilly[afo] March 6, 1887
Landerneau, France
December 24, 1974
Paris, France
1947, 1952, 1953 (id=7635 id=7634)
1948
Paul Hermann Müller[afp] January 12, 1899
Olten, Switzerland
October 13, 1965
Basel, Switzerland
1946,[289] 1948 Won the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[afq] (id=6558)
Fritz Albert Lipmann[afr] June 12, 1899
Königsberg, German Empire
July 24, 1986
Poughkeepsie, New York, United States
1948, 1949, 1951, 1953 Shared the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[afs] with H.Ad.Krebs
and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5529)
George Wells Beadle[aft] October 22, 1903
Wahoo, Nebraska, United States
June 9, 1989
Pomona, California, United States
1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953 (id=782)


Shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[afu] with J.Lederberg
and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too


(id=9015)
Edward Lawrie Tatum[aft] December 14, 1909
Boulder, Colorado, United States
November 5, 1975
New York, United States
1948, 1953
Frank Macfarlane Burnet[afv] September 3, 1899
Traralgon, Australia
August 31, 1985
Port Fairy, Australia
1948, 1949, 1950, 1953 Shared the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with P.Br.Medawar[afw] (id=1464)
Karl Ritter von Frisch[afx] November 20, 1886
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
June 12, 1982
Munich, Germany
1948, 1951 Shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with K.Z.Lorenz and N.Tinbergen[afy] (id=9759)
Jaroslav Heyrovský[afz] December 20, 1890
Prague, Austria-Hungary
March 27, 1967
Prague, Czechia
1948, 1949, 1953 (id=4154)
Won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[aga]
and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too
Karl Lenggenhager[agb] April 19, 1903
Chur, Switzerland
July 25, 1989
Bern, Switzerland
1948 Nominated by Ed.Glanzmann the only time (id=5376)
Jan Wolf[agc] May 13, 1894
Nový Bydžov, Austria-Hungary
January 10, 1977
Prague, Czechia
1948 Nominated by Karel Hübschmann (Prague: 13.8.1890-22.8.1981) (id=4400) the only time (id=10283)
Chester Hamlin Werkman June 17, 1893
Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
September 10, 1962
Ames, Iowa, United States
1948, 1949 (id=10086)

Nominated jointly[agd]
and for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too

(id=10299)
Harland Goff Wood September 2, 1907
Delavan, Minnesota, United States
September 12, 1991
Cleveland, United States
1948, 1949, 1953
Ernest Basil Verney[age] August 22, 1894
Cardiff, United Kingdom
August 19, 1967
Cambridge, United Kingdom
1948, 1950, 1952 (id=9610)
Lucio Bini[agf] September 18, 1908
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
August 15, 1964
Rome, Italy
1948, 1949, 1950, 1952 (id=1022)
Clarence Crafoord[agg] May 28, 1899
Hudiksvall, Sweden
February 25, 1984
Danderyd, Sweden
1948, 1951, 1953 (id=2015)
Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou[agh] May 13, 1883
Kymi, Greece
February 19, 1962
Miami, United States
1948, 1949, 1951, 1953 (id=6979)
Maurice Sourdille October 25, 1885
Nantes, France
September 20, 1961
Paris, France
1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1953 (id=8677)

Nominated jointly[agi] or by each other only

(id=4278)
Nils Gunnar Frithiofsson Holmgren August 27, 1875
Uppsala, Sweden
September 6, 1954
Hedvig Eleonora Parish, Sweden
1948, 1949, 1953
1949
Haldan Keffer Hartline[agj] December 22, 1903
Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
March 17, 1983
Fallston, Maryland, United States
1949, 1951 Shared the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with R.A.Granit and G.Wald[ael](id=3916)
Edward Joseph Conway[agk] July 3, 1894
Nenagh, Ireland
December 29, 1968
1949 (id=1930)

Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too
William Mansfield Clark August 17, 1884
Tivoli, New York, United States
January 19, 1964
Baltimore, United States
1949 Nominated jointly[agl] with L.Michaelis by Eric Glendinning Ball (12.7.1904 Coventry - 4.9.1979 Falmouth) (id=656) the only time (id=1823)
Paul Rufus Burkholder[agm] February 1, 1903
Orrstown, Pennsylvania, United States
August 11, 1972
1949 (id=1461)

Nominated jointly with S.Abr.Waksman by Ch.H.Stuart-Harris the only time

(id=2578)
Benjamin Minge Duggar[agn] September 1, 1872
Gallion, Alabama, United States
September 10, 1956
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Hallowell Davis[ago] August 31, 1896
New York, United States
August 22, 1992
St. Louis, United States
1949 Nominated jointly with R.Lorente de Nó by Al.Forbes the only time (id=2166)
Rafael Lorente de Nó[agp] April 8, 1902
Zaragoza, Spain
April 2, 1990
Tucson, United States
1949, 1950, 1952, 1953 (id=5634)
André Gratia[agq] July 8, 1893
Saint-Gilles, Belgium
October 6, 1950
Nyon, Switzerland
1946,[290] 1949, 1950 (id=3617)
Robert Edward Gross[agr] July 2, 1905
Baltimore, United States
October 11, 1988
Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States
1949, 1951, 1952 Nominated with Alfr.Blalock only (id=3659)
Claude Schaeffer Beck November 8, 1894
Shamokin, Pennsylvania, United States
October 14, 1971
Cleveland, United States
1949, 1952 Nominated jointly[agr] with Alfr.Blalock, H.Br.Taussig and R.Edw.Gross by G.H.Whipple only (id=793)
Choh Hao Li April 21, 1913
Guangzhou, China
November 28, 1987
United States
1949, 1952 Nominated jointly[ags] with H.McL.Evans only
and for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5455)
Karl August Folkers[agt] September 1, 1906
Decatur, Illinois, United States
December 7, 1997
New London, Connecticut, United States
1949, 1951, 1952 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=3096)
Fritz Mietzsch[agu] May 28, 1896
Dresden, German Empire
November 29, 1958
Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany
1940,[271] 1949, 1952, 1953 (id=6271)
Hans Mauß April 16, 1901
Barmen, German Empire
April 5, 1953
Wuppertal-Barmen, Germany
1949, 1952 (id=6006)

Nominated jointly[agu] with Fr.Mietzsch only

(id=4834)
Walter Kikuth December 21, 1896
Riga, Russian Empire
July 5, 1968
Düsseldorf, Germany
1949, 1952, 1953
János Hugo Bruno "Hans" Selye[agv] January 26, 1907
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
October 16, 1982
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=8395)
Norman McAlister Gregg[agw] March 7, 1892
Burwood, New South Wales, Australia
July 27, 1966
Woollahra, Australia
1949, 1953 (id=3633)
Rudolph Albert Peters[agx] April 13, 1889
Kensington, London, United Kingdom
January 29, 1982
Cambridge, England
1949, 1950, 1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=7160)
Julius Lempert July 4, 1890
Lublin, Russian Empire
December 14, 1968
New York, United States
1949, 1950, 1951, 1953 Nominated jointly[agy] with M.Sourdille and with or by N.G.Fr.Holmgren only (id=5370)

1950–1959

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes[3]
1950
George Elmer Shambaugh Jr. June 29, 1903
Chicago, United States
February 7, 1999
Sandwich, Illinois, United States
1950, 1951, 1953 Nominated with J.Lempert (id=5370) and jointly[agi] with M.Sourdille and with or by N.G.Fr.Holmgren only (id=8470)
Philip Showalter Hench[agz] February 28, 1896
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
March 30, 1965
Ocho Rios, Jamaica
1950, 1951
(id=4041)

Shared the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edw.C.Kendall[nj]

T.Reichstein nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=7631)
Tadeusz Reichstein[aha] July 20, 1897
Włocławek, Russian Empire
August 1, 1996
Basel, Switzerland
1950
Georg von Békésy[ahb] June 3, 1899
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
June 13, 1972
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
1950 Won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[ahc]
and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too (id=9721)
Charles Brenton Huggins[ahd] September 22, 1901
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
January 12, 1997
Chicago, United States
1950, 1951 Shared the 1966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[ahe] with Fr.P.Rous (id=4357)
Archer John Porter Martin[ahf] March 1, 1910
London, United Kingdom
July 28, 2002
Llangarron, England
1950, 1952
(id=5945)

Shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[ahg]

(id=8946)
Richard Laurence Millington Synge[ahf] October 28, 1914
Liverpool, United Kingdom
August 18, 1994
Norwich, England
1950
Lyman Creighton Craig June 12, 1906
Palmyra Township, near Carlisle, Iowa, United States
July 7, 1974
Glen Rock, New Jersey, United States
1950 Nominated jointly[ahf] with A.J.P.Martin and R.L.M.Synge
and for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=2016)
Carl Gustav Jung[ahh] July 26, 1875
Kesswil, Switzerland
June 6, 1961
Küsnacht, Switzerland
1950 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature too (id=4661)
David P.C. Lloyd[ahi] September 23, 1911
Auburn, Alabama, United States
April 20, 1985
Carmel, United States
1950 Nominated with R.Lorente de Nó by G.von Bonin the only time (id=5547)
Georg Rudolf Lieske[ahj] September 6, 1886
Dresden, German Empire
July 16, 1950
Hamburg, Germany
1950 Died before the only chance to be rewarded (id=5473)
Gustav Ehrhart[ahk] December 21, 1894
Ludwigshafen, German Empire
December 11, 1971
Mainz, Germany
1950 Nominated with G.R.Lieske (id=5473) and G.Ramon by H.Ot.Fr.Schlossberger the only time (id=2709)
Wilbur Augustus Sawyer[ahl] August 7, 1879
Appleton, Wisconsin, United States
November 12, 1951
Berkeley, California, United States
1950 Nominated with M.Theiler by Antonio S. Navarro (id=6618) the only time (id=8122)
George Soulié de Morant[ahm] December 2, 1878
Paris, France
May 10, 1955
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
1950 Nominated by E.Mériel (id=6191) the only time (id=8674)
Ludwik Hirszfeld[ahn] August 5, 1884
Warsaw, Russian Empire
March 7, 1954
Wrocław, Poland
1950 Nominated by Ernst Witebsky the only time (id=4216)
Jancsó Miklós[aho] April 27, 1903
Kolozsvár, Austria-Hungary
April 16, 1966
Szeged, Hungary
1950 (id=4541)
Vladimir Filatov[ahp] February 27, 1875
Mikhailovka village, Russian Empire
October 30, 1956
Odesa, Ukraine
1950 Nominated by Gh.Năstase the only time (id=2997)
Henricus Jacobus Marie (Hak) Weve[ahq] April 19, 1888
Nijmegen, Netherlands
January 3, 1962
Utrecht, Netherlands
1950 Nominated by J. P. Maurice Appelmans (1902 Gooik - 1993 Leuven) (id=466) the only time (id=10123)
Karl Friedrich Meyer[ahr] May 19, 1884
Basel, Switzerland
April 27, 1974
San Francisco, United States
1950 (id=6238)
Babkin,
Boris Petrovitch
[ahs]
January 17, 1877
Kursk, Russian Empire
May 3, 1950
train from Atlantic City to Montreal, Canada
1950 Nominated by J.Kaulbersz the only time (id=595 id=593)
John Tileston Edsall November 3, 1902
Philadelphia, United States
June 12, 2002
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1950 Nominated jointly[aht] with E.J.Cohn by K.A.A.O.Felix the only time (id=2693)
Juan César Mussio-Fournier[ahu] February 7, 1890
Montevideo, Uruguay
January 1, 1961
1950 Nominated by V.P.Fontana the only time (id=6539)
Ernst Peter Pick[ahv] May 18, 1872
Jermer, Austria-Hungary
January 15, 1960
New York, United States
1950 Nominated by L.Arzt the only time (id=7226)
Timofeev-Ressovsky,
Nikolay Vladimirovich
[ahw]
September 20, 1900
Moscow, Russian Empire
March 28, 1981
Obninsk, Russia
1950 Nominated with M.Hartmann by B.Rajewsky the only time (id=9279)
Max Hartmann[ahx] June 7, 1876
Lauterecken, German Empire
October 11, 1962
Buchenbühl, Germany
1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=3921)
Barend Coenraad Petrus Jansen[ahy] April 1, 1884
Zwolle, Netherlands
October 18, 1962
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1950 Nominated with Edw.L.Rickes (id=7723) and E.L.Smith by Bruno Mendel (3.11.1897 Essen - 23.8.1959 Bussum) (id=6169) the only time (id=4553)
Edward Lawrence Rickes August 31, 1912
New York, United States
November 1982
Rahway, New Jersey, United States
1950, 1951, 1953 (id=7723)

Nominated jointly[ahz] mainly


(id=8613)
Ernest Lester Smith August 7, 1904
Teddington, United Kingdom
November 6, 1992
Bradfield St George, England
1950, 1951, 1952, 1953
Alfred Georges Bourguignon August 6, 1876
Paris, France
January 19, 1963
Paris, France
1950, 1951 Nominated jointly[aia] with L.Éd.Lapicque only (id=1236)
Robert Rössle[aib] August 19, 1876
Augsburg, German Empire
November 21, 1956
Berlin, Germany
1950, 1951 (id=8010)
Frank Norman Wilson[aic] November 19, 1890
Livonia, Michigan, United States
September 11, 1952
Stockbridge, Michigan, United States
1950, 1952 (id=10221)
Oskar Paul Wintersteiner[aid] November 19, 1890
Bruck an der Mur, Austria-Hungary
September 11, 1952
Graz, Austria
1950, 1952 (id=10257)
Charles Herbert Best[aie] February 27, 1899
West Pembroke, Maine, United States
March 31, 1978
Toronto, Canada
1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 (id=968)
1951
Daniel Bovet[aif] March 23, 1907
Fleurier, Switzerland
April 8, 1992
Rome, Italy
1951, 1953 Won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[aig] (id=1251)
Stanford Moore September 4, 1913
Chicago, United States
August 23, 1982
New York, United States
1951[aih]
(id=6393)

Shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[aii] with Chr.B.Anfinsen, Jr.

(id=8764)
William Howard Stein June 25, 1911
New York, United States
February 2, 1980
New York City, United States
Fritz Verzár[aij] September 16, 1886
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
March 13, 1979
Arlesheim, Switzerland
1941,[291] 1951 (id=9626)
Israel Davidsohn[aik] April 20, 1895
Tarnopol, Austria-Hungary
December 3, 1979
1951 Nominated by Ellis Benjamin Freilich (1891-1971) (id=3199) the only time (id=2154)
Alfred Auguste Roger Vendrely[ail] August 15, 1910
Champagney, Haute-Saône, France
August 17, 1988
Paris, France
1951 (id=9587)


Nominated jointly by Bożydar Szabuniewicz (1901-1986) (id=8949) the only time


(id=6180)



(id=7791)
Miriam Friedman Menkin August 8, 1901
Riga, Russian Empire
June 8, 1992
Boston, United States
1951[aim]
John Charles Rock March 24, 1890
Marlborough, Massachusetts, United States
December 4, 1984
Peterborough, New Hampshire, United States
Axel Edvard Westman[ain] December 29, 1894
Stockholm, Sweden
May 29, 1960
Stockholm, Sweden
1951 Nominated with S.Abr.Waksman and J.J.Bittner by H.Martius the only time (id=10114)
Marius Nygaard Smith-Petersen[aio] November 14, 1886
Grimstad, Norway
June 16, 1953
Boston, United States
1951 Nominated by Sigmund Weil (20.4.1881 Stuttgart – 20.8.1961 Heidelberg) (id=10052) the only time (id=8622)
James Arthur Reyniers[aip] April 16, 1908
Mishawaka, Indiana, United States
November 3, 1967
Tampa, Florida, United States
1951 Nominated with R.A.Granit by C.J.F.Heymans the only time (id=7685)
Karl Gustav Vilhelm Nylin December 18, 1892
London, United Kingdom
August 6, 1961
Stockholm, Sweden
1951 Nominated jointly[agg] with Cl.Crafoord by Niels Dungal (id=2598) the only time (id=6798)
Remmert Korteweg[aiq] November 15, 1884
Wormerveer, Netherlands
1961
1951 Nominated with J.J.Bittner by N.O.J.Goormaghtigh the only time (id=4986)
Walter Henry Seegers[air] January 4, 1910
Fayette County, Iowa, United States
April 19, 1996
1951 Nominated by J.M.Dorsey the only time (id=8380)
Roland Metzler Klemme[ais] May 17, 1896
Belleville, Illinois, United States
November 21, 1957
Salinas, California, United States
1951 Nominated by Eugene Towner Senseney (St. Louis: 29.8.1880 - 10.2.1954) (id=8408) the only time (id=4899)
Arthur Felix[ait] April 3, 1887
Andrichau, Austria-Hungary
January 17, 1956
England
1951 Nominated by Adrianus Pijper (11.3.1886 Kimswerd - 12.1.1964 Pretoria) (id=7246) the only time (id=2949)
Folke Henschen[aiu] November 7, 1881
Uppsala, Sweden
December 22, 1977
Stockholm, Sweden
1951 Nominated by Sherwood Moore (id=6392) the only time (id=4066)
Gustav (Gösta) Per Engelbert Häggqvist[aiv] October 18, 1891
Parish of Rödön, Sweden
March 28, 1972
Danderyd Parish, Sweden
1951 (id=4418)
Jacob Jongbloed[aiw] March 11, 1895
Joure, Netherlands
July 21, 1974
Utrecht, Netherlands
1951 (id=4628)
Robert Berthold Janker[aix] March 12, 1894
Munich, German Empire
October 22, 1964
Bonn, Germany
1951 (id=4545)
Bernard Naftali Halpern[aiy] November 9, 1872
Tarnoruda, Austria-Hungary
August 12, 1952
Paris, France
1951 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=3822)
Richard Ernst Wilhelm Otto[aiz] November 2, 1904
Zimmerhausen, German Empire
September 23, 1978
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1951 Nominated by G.R.Blumenthal the only time (id=6920)
Peter Boysen Jensen[aja] January 18, 1883
Hjerting, Denmark
November 21, 1959
Diakonissestiftelsen, Denmark
1951 Nominated by Carl Larsen Krebs (2.5.1892-12.6.1979) (=5041)[ajb] the only time (id=1263)
Cecil Reginald ("Bill") Burch[ajc] May 12, 1901
Leeds or Oxford,
United Kingdom
July 19, 1983
1951 Nominated by Hendrik Berkelbach van der Sprenkel (21.4.1890 Breda - 6.8.1969 Bilthoven) (id=924) the only time (id=1451)
Henry Edward Shortt[ajd] April 15, 1887
Dhariwal, India, British Empire
November 9, 1987
United Kingdom
1951 Nominated by Alexander Kennedy (16.1.1909 London - 11.6.1960) (id=4792) the only time (id=8504)
Madge Thurlow Macklin[aje] February 6, 1893
Philadelphia, United States
March 4, 1962
1951 Nominated by her husband Charles Clifford Macklin (23.10.1883-23.11.1959) (id=5776 id=5775) the only time (id=5777)
Paul Buchner April 12, 1886
Nürnberg, German Empire
October 19, 1978
Ischia, Campania, Italy
1951, 1952 (id=5776)

Nominated jointly[ajf] only

(id=7235)



(id=8888)
Umberto Pierantoni September 25, 1876
Caserta, Kingdom of Italy
July 31, 1952
Naples, Italy
Karel Šulc September 3, 1872
Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Austria-Hungary
October 19, 1978
Brno, Czechia
Richard Wagner[ajg] October 23, 1893
Augsburg, German Empire
December 19, 1970
Munich, Germany
1951, 1952 (id=9925)
Jörgen Erik Lehmann[ajh] January 15, 1898
Copenhagen, Denmark
December 26, 1989
1951, 1952 (id=5347)
Joachim Wilhelm Robert Feulgen[aji] September 2, 1884
Werden, Essen, German Empire
October 24, 1955
Giessen, Germany
1951, 1952 (id=2976)
Frédéric Bremer[ajj] June 28, 1892
Arlon, Belgium
April 7, 1982
Brussels, Belgium
1951, 1952, 1953 (id=1321)
Karl Paul Gerhard Link[ajk] January 31, 1901
LaPorte, Indiana, United States
November 21, 1978
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
1951, 1952 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=5523)
1952
Johan Erik Jorpes July 15, 1894
Kökar, Russian Empire
July 10, 1973
Stockholm, Sweden
1952 Nominated with K.P.G.Link only (id=4642)
John Franklin Enders February 10, 1897
West Hartford, Connecticut, United States
September 8, 1985
Waterford, Connecticut, United States
1952, 1953 Shared the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Th.H.Weller and Fr.Ch.Robbins[ajl] (id=2791)
Ulf Svante von Euler February 7, 1905
Stockholm, Sweden
March 9, 1983
Stockholm, Sweden
1952 Shared the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with B.Katz and J.Axelrod[ajm] (id=9747)
Melvin Ellis Calvin April 8, 1911
St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
January 8, 1997
Berkeley, California, United States
1952 Won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[ajn] (id=1550)
Andrew Alm Benson September 24, 1917
Modesto, California, United States
January 16, 2015
La Jolla, United States
1952 Nominated with M.Ell.Calvin only
including for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too
(id=882)
James Lawder Gamble July 18, 1883
Millersburg, Kentucky, United States
May 28, 1959
1952 Nominated by Öd.Kerpel-Fronius the only time (id=1380)
Robert Brinkman June 27, 1894
Coevorden, Netherlands
January 26, 1994
Velp, Gelderland, Netherlands
1952 Nominated by Leendert Daniel Eerland (25.2.1897 Rotterdam - 29.6.1977 Groningen) (id=2695) the only time (id=1348)
Albert Hustin July 15, 1882
Virton, Belgium
September 12, 1967
Brussels, Belgium
1952 Nominated by Maurice De Laet (1891-1964) (id=2251) the only time (id=4389)
Charles Oberling July 31, 1895
Metz, France
March 11, 1960
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
1952 Nominated by M.Josserand the only time (id=6808)
Viktor Freiherr von Weizsäcker April 21, 1886
Stuttgart, German Empire
January 9, 1957
Heidelberg, Germany
1952 Nominated by Ramón A. Brandán (1890-1969) (id=1282) the only time (id=10070)
Owen Harding Wangensteen September 21, 1898
Lake Park, Minnesota, United States
January 13, 1981
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
1952 Nominated by M.B.Visscher the only time (id=9973)
Erich Frank June 28, 1884
Berlin, German Empire
February 13, 1957
Istanbul, Turkey
1952 Nominated by Ed.O.Melchior the only time (id=3174)
Arturo Rosenblueth Stearns October 2, 1900
Ciudad Guerrero, Mexico
September 20, 1970
Mexico City, Mexico
1952 Nominated by Ign.G.Guzmán the only time (id=7874)
Thomas Francis Dougherty March 27, 1915
Forman, North Dakota, United States
February 5, 1974
Salt Lake City, United States
1952 Nominated by Edwin Alonzo Lawrence (22.5.1910 Norwalk - 1956) (id=5288) the only time (id=7874)
Hans Karl Heinrich Adolf Lohmann April 10, 1898
Bielefeld, German Empire
April 22, 1978
Berlin, Germany
1952 (id=5587)
Hugo Wilhelm Knipping July 9, 1895
Dortmund, German Empire
December 25, 1984
Bonn, Germany
1952 Nominated by Fr.Külbs the only time (id=4919)
Karl Kleist January 31, 1879
Mulhouse, Alsace, German Empire
December 26, 1960
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1952 Nominated with O.Vogt by Ant.C. de A.F.Egas Moniz the only time (id=4897)
Elizabeth Bugie Gregory October 5, 1920
April 10, 2001
1952 (id=1435)

Nominated with S.Abr.Waksman and J.Er.Lehmann by J.Nedeljković (Јеврем Недељковић, 1888-1977) (id=6624) the only time

(id=8143)
Albert Israel Schatz February 2, 1920
Norwich, Connecticut, United States
January 17, 2005
Philadelphia, United States
David Nachmansohn March 17, 1899
Yekaterinoslav, Russian Empire
November 2, 1983
New York, United States
1951 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=6584)
Toshiyuki Kurotsu November 12, 1898
Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
November 16, 1992
1952 Nominated by N.Yoshii (id=10351) the only time (id=5098)
Paul Hoffmann July 1, 1884
Dorpat, Estonia, Russian Empire
March 9, 1962
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1952, 1953 (id=4252 id=4243)
Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann August 29, 1904
Berlin, German Empire
June 1, 1979
Schopfheim, Germany
1952, 1953 (id=3125)

Shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with D.W.Richards Jr.[ajo]


(id=2002)
1953
André Frédéric Cournand September 24, 1895
Paris, France
February 19, 1988
Great Barrington, Massachusetts, United States
1953
John Carew Eccles January 27, 1903
Melbourne, Australia
May 2, 1997
Tenero-Contra, Switzerland
1953 (id=2671)

Shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with A.F.Huxley[ajp]

(id=4233)
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin February 5, 1914
Banbury, United Kingdom
December 20, 1998
Cambridge, England
Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen April 6, 1911
Munich, German Empire
August 6, 1979
Munich, Germany
1953 Shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with K.Em.Bloch[ajq]
and nominated for Nobel Peace in Chemistry too (id=5722)
Konrad Zacharias Lorenz November 7, 1903
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
February 27, 1989
Vienna, Austria
1953 Shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with K.R. von Frisch and N. "Niko" Tinbergen[afy] (id=5638)
Linus Carl Pauling February 28, 1901
Portland, Oregon, United States
August 19, 1994
Big Sur, United States
1953 Won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[ajr] and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize[ajs] (id=7045)
Frederick Sanger August 13, 1918
Rendcomb, United Kingdom
November 19, 2013
Cambridge, England
1953 Won the 1958[ajt] and shared the 1980 (with P.Berg and jointly[aju] with W.Gilbert) Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (id=8092)
Paul Arnor Owren August 27, 1905
Fåberg, Norway
September 20, 1985
Oslo, Norway
1953 Nominated by Carl Boye Semb the only time (id=6931)
Leopold Schönbauer November 13, 1888
Thaya, Austria-Hungary
September 11, 1963
Vienna, Austria
1953 Nominated by Fritz Driak (14.2.1900-27.11.1959) (id=2540) the only time (id=8306)
Emil von Dungern November 26, 1867
Thaya, Austria-Hungary
September 4, 1961
Ludwigshafen am Bodensee, Germany
1953 (id=9733)

Nominated jointly by Ludwik Hirszfeld the only time

(id=3041)
Ronald Aylmer Fisher February 17, 1890
London, United Kingdom
July 29, 1962
Adelaide, Australia
Étienne Wolff February 12, 1904
Auxerre, France
November 18, 1996
Paris, France
1953 Nominated by Etienne Legait (1.4.1911-28.5.2005) (id=5341) the only time (id=10288)
Adolf Jarisch jr. February 23, 1891
Innsbruck, Austria-Hungary
August 31, 1965
Innsbruck, Austria
1953 Nominated by Fr.Th. von Brücke the only time (id=4560)
Walther Frederick Goebel December 24, 1899
Palo Alto, California, United States
November 1, 1993
Essex, Connecticut, United States
1953 Nominated with Osw.Th.Avery Jr. and M.J. Heidelberger by Ar.L.Olitzki the only time (id=3499)
Richard Joseph Behan June 1, 1879
Pittsburgh, United States
1956
1953 Nominated by J.L.Losas (id=5644) the only time (id=821)
Joseph Gillman December 3, 1907
Pretoria, British Empire
September 5, 1981
Nice, France
1953 (id=3454)

Jointly nominated only

(id=3455)
Theodore Gillman c. 1917
Union of South Africa
July 12, 1971
Durban, South Africa
Henry Ernest Sigerist April 7, 1891
Paris, France
March 17, 1957
Pura, Switzerland
1953 Nominated by C.Enr.Paz Soldán y Paz Soldán the only time (id=8530)
Carl John Wiggers May 28, 1883
Davenport, Iowa, United States
April 28, 1963
Cleveland, United States
1953 Nominated by C.J.Fr.Heymans the only time (id=10178)
Zénon-Marcel Bacq December 31, 1903
La Louvière, Belgium
July 12, 1983
Fontenoy, Belgium
1953 Nominated by Henri Robert Antoine Fredericq (Liège: 11.6.1887-11.12.1980) (id=3190) the only time (id=612)
Friedrich Feyrter June 2, 1895
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
December 2, 1973
Bad Fischau-Brunn, Austria
1953 (id=2977)

Nominated with T.Osk.Caspersson by Viktor Patzelt (8.7.1887 Prague – 17.9.1956) (id=7034) the only time

(id=7274)
Alfred Pischinger 1899
1982
David Rittenberg November 11, 1906
New York, United States
January 24, 1970
New York City, United States
1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=7754)
William Thomas Astbury February 25, 1898
Longton, United Kingdom
June 4, 1961
Leeds, England
1953 Nominated by Alb.I.Szent-Györgyi the only time (id=544)
Léon Binet October 11, 1891
Beauchery-Saint-Martin, France
July 10, 1971
Paris, France
1953 Nominated by Spiro Livierato (15.4.1881 Cephalonia - 1962) (id=5542) the only time (id=1021)
Alessandro Vallebona March 2, 1899
Genoa, Kingdom of Italy
December 1, 1987
Genoa, Italy
1953 Nominated by Michele Mitolo (1903 Foggia - 1968 Bari) (id=6328) the only time (id=9504)
Alexander Haddow January 18, 1907
Leven, Fife, United Kingdom
January 21, 1976
Amersham, United Kingdom
1953 (id=3766)
Ludwig Heilmeyer March 6, 1899
Munich, German Empire
September 6, 1969
Desenzano del Garda, Italy
1953 Nominated by Vlassios Vlassopoulos (1899 Gryllos - 16.10.1959 Athens) (id=9680) the only time (id=4010)
Robert M. Debré December 7, 1882
Sedan, France
April 29, 1978
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
1953 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too (id=2323)
Robert Brainard Corey August 19, 1897
Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
April 23, 1971
1953 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too (id=1951)
Dobzhansky,
Theodosius Grigorievich
January 25, 1900
Nemirov, Russian Empire
December 18, 1975
Davis, California, United States
1953 (id=2457)

Nominated jointly by Felix Mainx (21.5.1900 Prague – 1983 Vienna) (id=5821) the only time

(id=5104)
Alfred Richard Wilhelm Kühn April 22, 1885
Baden-Baden, German Empire
November 22, 1968
Tübingen, Germany
Katsunuma Seizō August 28, 1886
Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
November 9, 1963
Nagoya, Japan
1953 Nominated by Naka Kikkawa (4.1888 Shizuoka - ?) (id=4833) the only time (id=4732)
John Davis Green July 27, 1917
Guildford, United Kingdom
December 10, 1964
Los Angeles, United States
1953 (id=2457)

Nominated jointly with J.H.B."Hans" Selye by C.-Er.Em. Räihä the only time

(id=5104)
Geoffrey Wingfield Harris 1913
United Kingdom
November 29, 1971
United Kingdom
Edmond-Louis Grasset September 29, 1895
Geneva, Switzerland
October 30, 1957
Geneva, Switzerland
1953 Nominated by J.M.Watt the only time (id=3614)
Wilder Graves Penfield January 26, 1891
Spokane, Washington, United States
April 5, 1976
Montreal, Canada
1953 (id=7096)
Herbert Henri Jasper July 27, 1906
La Grande, Oregon, United States
March 11, 1999
1953 Nominated with W.Gr.Penfield by Jorge Alejandro Voto Bernales Corpancho (22.10.1911 Lima - 19.9.2008) (id=930) the only time (id=4562)
António de Sousa Pereira April 14, 1904
Bustelo, Portugal
October 19, 1986
Nevogilde, Portugal
1953 Nominated by Antonio de Almeida Garrett (Porto: 22.9.1884 - 19.11.1961) (id=2178) the only time (id=7106)
Gilbert Dalldorf March 12, 1900
Davenport, Iowa, United States
December 21, 1979
1953 Nominated with T.Osk.Caspersson by W.Keller the only time (id=2116)
Robert Russell Bensley November 13, 1867
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
June 11, 1956
Chicago, United States
1953 Nominated by Normand Louis Hoerr (3.5.1902 Peoria - 14.2.1958 Cleveland) (id=4237) the only time (id=881)
Paul Valentin Alfred Delmas-Marsalet August 4, 1898
Dax, Landes, France
July 2, 1977
Léognan, France
1953 Nominated by Jean Michon (id=6267) the only time (id=2358)
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

See also

Motivations

  1. ^ "Discovery of serum therapy against diphtheria"
  2. ^ “for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths”
  3. ^ "Discovery of the tetanus antitoxin. Kitasako also discovered the plague bacillus, independently of Yersin"
  4. ^ "His discovery of the development of the malaria parasite in the body of the mosquito, an observation of immense practical and scientific importance"
  5. ^ “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it”
  6. ^ "Treatment of Lupus vulgaris with concentrated light (phototherapy)"
  7. ^ “in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science”
  8. ^ "Work on secretion and the physiology of the digestive glands"
  9. ^ “in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged”
  10. ^ "Work on malaria, and older work on anthrax, cholera and tuberculosis"
  11. ^ “for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis”
  12. ^ "Studies of the cerebral cortex, and localization of function in the brain"
  13. ^ “in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system”
  14. ^ "Extensive work on the central nervous system; mixed (chrome/silver) method of staining nerve cells"
  15. ^ "Spinal bifida, post-operative Hydrocephalie"
  16. ^ "Discovery of the malaria parasite, and further work on the disease"
  17. ^ “in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases”
  18. ^ "His enormous work in physiology and general pathology"
  19. ^ “in recognition of their work on immunity”
  20. ^ "Work on salvarsan"
  21. ^ "Work on immunity, especially his work on the toxins ricin and abrin; work on diphtheria; studies of blood cells"
  22. ^ "Anatomical studies of the fine structure of the nervous system ("Studien zur feineren Anatomy der Nervenzellen", Bonnet-Merkel´s Anatomische Hefte, Bd. 15, pp. 7-89, 1900)"
  23. ^ "Work on the composition and structure of the Batrach sperm ("Bidrag till Kännedomen om Batrachierne-Spermiernes Byggnad", E. Malmström, Lund, SE, 1900)"
  24. ^ "Surgical treatment of Lupus vulgaris by excision of lupus and extensive transplantaion"
  25. ^ Second choice after N.R.Finsen
  26. ^ "Extensive studies of metabolism in children"
  27. ^ "Quantitative determination of pigmented components in blood, using a spectrophotometer (Über die gleichzeitige quantitative Bestimmung zweier Farbstoffe im Blute mit Hülfe des Spectrophotometers", Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol.; Physiol. Abth p. 39, 1899)"
  28. ^ "Study of the pathological anatomy and histology of bubonic plague, and on the bacteriology of the plague bacillus, based on work carried out in Bombay, India from 1897-1900"
  29. ^ "Work on arteriosclerosis"
  30. ^ "Work on the effect of ultraviolet rays on the eye, and construction of protective lenses, "Schutzbrillen""
  31. ^ "Discovery of the bacteriocidal effect of the blood; effect of alkali substances on the immune system after injection into the bloodstream"
  32. ^ "Prophylactic treatment of rabies"
  33. ^ "Work in human anatomy, and publication of textbooks ("Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbelthiere mit Berücksichtigung der Wirbellosen", 1898; "Das Kopfskelett der Selachier", 1877; and "Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen")"
  34. ^ "His importance to modern medicine. Work on leukemia, and in pathology"
  35. ^ "Work on metabolism, and the practical use of this knowledge in planning diets for soldiers and prisoners ("Physiologie des allgem Stoffwechsels und der Ernährung", 1881, Vol. VI in Hermann´s "Handbuch d. Physiologie")"
  36. ^ "Work on diseases of the eye in lepers, as published in his work "Die Lepra des Auges""
  37. ^ "Work on treating tuberculosis in livestock"
  38. ^ "Work in embryology, especially on the neuroblast, and the structure of the protoplasm"
  39. ^ "A 60 year career in anatomy. Work on the fine structure of the nervous system"
  40. ^ "Physiology of the nervous system in relation to the function of the heart"
  41. ^ "Work on serum against plague ("La peste bubonique", Yersin, Calmette, Barrel, Annal de l´Institut Pasteur 1895, p. 589)"
  42. ^ "Antiseptic and aseptic wound treatment"
  43. ^ "For his work in general pathology and its effect on the development of clinical medicine"
  44. ^ "Work on the sensory organs, and the nervous system of lower vertebrates and crustaceans"
  45. ^ "his successful work Showing the role played by the Mosquito in connexion with the production of Malarial Fever by the transmission of the Malarial Fever parasite."
  46. ^ "The pathology of Herpes Zoster and its bearing on sensory localization ("Die Sensibilitätsstörung der Haut bei Visceralerkrankungen")"
  47. ^ "For his work in general on physiological morphology, and in particular his work on artificial parthenogenesis"
  48. ^ "For their work in elucidating the cause of malaria"
  49. ^ "Work on malaria"
  50. ^ "The physiology of the sympathetic nervous system: discovery of the nicotine method of studying cell connections of sympathetic fibers; connections and function of the nerves supplying the pelvic viscera; demonstration of "axon reflexes""
  51. ^ "Work on serum against diphtheria, as described in Annales de l´Institut Pasteur"
  52. ^ "Determination of the molecular concentration (by freeze-point studies) of bodily fluids (blood, urine), and work on the clinical applications of this knowledge"
  53. ^ "Work on physiological chemistry"
  54. ^ "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances"
  55. ^ "Work on agglutination and hemolysis"
  56. ^ "for his discoveries relating to immunity"
  57. ^ "Work on the central nervous system, including peripheral distribution of the fibers of nerve roots, termination of sensory fibers in muscle, conditions of muscle tonus, distribution of nerve cells in the spinal cord and the course and origin of nerve tracts in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata"
  58. ^ a b “for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons”
  59. ^ "Discovery of Zymase (fermentation can be induced by an enzyme, even in yeast cells which have been destroyed)"
  60. ^ "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"
  61. ^ "Invention of an apparatus, using sodium bioxide, which allows a man to breathe for extended periods with a small amount of air"
  62. ^ "Discovery of a vaccine using non-bacterial components"
  63. ^ "Work on surgery of the kidney (J. Israel: "der Nieren-chirurgie", Berlin, 1901. U. Kroenlein: "Zwanzig Jahre Nierenchirurgie aus der Züricher Chirurgischen Klinik", Beiträgefür kliniche Chirurgie XXXII b. Laupp, Tübingen)"
  64. ^ "work on the physiology and pathological anatomy of the eye"
  65. ^ "studies of the effects of quinine on the malaria parasite"
  66. ^ "work on inoculation against malaria"
  67. ^ "Work in the field of physiology (electrotonus, reflexes, respiration), and especially his work on metabolism"
  68. ^ "Research on the structure and development of the lens ("über den Bau und die Entwickelung der Linse", Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Bd 63, 65, 67, 1898-1899); studies on the evolution of the extremities ("Gedanken und Studien über den Ursprung der Extremitäten", Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Bd 70, 1901), and on the mesoderm"
  69. ^ "Work on the morphology of organisms, and studies to further the theory of evolution. Classification based on the gastrulation process ("die Gastraeatheorie, die phylogenetische Classification des Thierreichs u. die Homologie der Keimblätter", Jen. Zeitschr. Bd. VIII, 1874; "Die Gastrula u. die Eifurchung der Thiere" Ebenda Bd. IX; "Nachträge zur Gasträatheorie". Ebenda Bd. XI)"
  70. ^ "Work on the etiology of diphtheria, streptococcus infections, hog cholera, red typhus and hoof and mouth disease"
  71. ^ "The founder of the modern pharmacology"
  72. ^ "Work on accommodation (of the eye)"
  73. ^ "Embryological studies as a means of following human and vertebrate development. Theories on cellular polarity, gastrulation, germination, biogenesis and "mechanics of development", and work on heredity"
  74. ^ "Work on osmosis in plant and animal cells, and on anesthesia"
  75. ^ "Work on physiological chemistry"
  76. ^ "Work on metabolism, especially recent work on metabolism in children"
  77. ^ "Method for diagnosis of typhus"
  78. ^ "Discovery of carbon dioxide assimilation in bacteria; disproved Virchow´s "Entität der kranken Zelle" and Pasteur/Koch´s "Entität der pathogenen Mikrobien"; introduced better hygienic methods against infectious disease"
  79. ^ "Founder of the field of serum diagnostics"
  80. ^ "Work on the relation between pancreas and glucosuria"
  81. ^ "Work on diabetes mellitus and the effects of extirpation of the pancreas"
  82. ^ "Discovery of specific agglutination of cells through blood serum"
  83. ^ "for their conjoint discovery of the agglutinating effect of `immunune´ sera upon the kinds of bacteria employed in producung the immunity"
  84. ^ "The first surgeon who adapted Pasteur´s teachings, and already in the 1860´s (before Lister) tried to create an aseptic surgical environment by disinfecting surfaces, washing hands, boiling instruments and using dry towels to wipe up blood"
  85. ^ "Work on psychology and psychiatry, especially studies of mental energy."
  86. ^ "Work on the regeneration of part of the eye ("Die Regeneration der Urodelenlinze", Archiv für Entwicklungsmechanik)"
  87. ^ "The contemporary scientist who has done most for combatting tuberculosis, and whose methods of treatment are used in today´s sanitoriums"
  88. ^ "for his own work to improve hygiene in maternity wards in his country and on sickness in infants"
  89. ^ "for six own works on osteoplastic surgery"
  90. ^ "for own work on the realtionship between prophylaxis and therapy in treatment of disease"
  91. ^ "work on the nervous system"
  92. ^ "work on chemotaxis and inflammation"
  93. ^ "Development of graphic and chronophotographic methods to study, for example, respiration, pulse rate, motion of human cells and muscle reactions"
  94. ^ "Work on yellow fever in Cuba, leading to proof of the role played by mosquitos in transmission of the disease"
  95. ^ "Discovery of preventive inoculation of livestock against peripneumonia"
  96. ^ "Work on the conveyance of Yellow Fever"
  97. ^ "The discovery of the leprosy bacillus, and methods of prevention"
  98. ^ "Studies of the physiology of the cell"
  99. ^ "Work in experimental pathology, physiology (electrophysiology and mechanics of the circulatory system) and metabolism"
  100. ^ "Work on yellow fever and the role of mosquitos in the transmission of the disease"
  101. ^ "Work on the pathobacteriology of the nervous system. Two books are mentioned as a summary of Homéns work (1. "Die Wirkung einiger Bakterien und ihrer Toxine auf verschisdens Organe des Körpers, mit 13 Tafeln", Acta Sociatatis Scientiarum Fennicae, Tom.XXX.1902. 2. "Die Wirkung der Streptokokken und ihrer Toxine auf verschisdens Organe des Körpers, mit 10 Tafeln", Beiträge zur pathol-Anatomie und zur allg. Pathologie, Bd. XXV H.l. 1899)"
  102. ^ "For their work on serum therapy"
  103. ^ "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis"
  104. ^ "as an executive member of both the Permanent International Peace Bureau and the Inter-Parliamentary Union"
  105. ^ "For their work on serum therapy"
  106. ^ "Microscopic and other studies of the central nervous system as described in his major work published 1897 ("Das leitande Element des Nervensystems und seine topographischen Beziehungen zu den Zellen") and updated 1898, 1900, 1901, 1902 and 1903"
  107. ^ "Author of many scientific books and papers on surgery; a distinguished anatomist and eminent scientist"
  108. ^ "Introduction of aseptic methods, and for his book on surgery "über Chirurgie bei Gehirnkrankheiter""
  109. ^ "Discovery that the human body emits "Blondlot" radiation" ("...pour ses researches sur l´emission de rayons Blondlet pur l´organism humain")
  110. ^ "Work on the thyroid and adrenal glands"
  111. ^ "protein structure in plants"
  112. ^ "essay on the negative effects of eunichism in the Orient"
  113. ^ "Roux is one of Europe´s greatest surgeons, the inventor of new surgical methods, especially in the gastro-intestinal tract, a skilful diagnostician, successful surgeon and eminent teacher"
  114. ^ "Innovative new research on the brain"
  115. ^ ""Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System", 3:rd ed, 1899, and "Manual and Atlas of Medical Ophthalmology", 3:rd ed, 1892.
    Work on Leucocythaemia and Hodgkin´s Diesease"
  116. ^ "investigated the life cycle of the malaria parasites and developed prophylactics"
  117. ^ "Work in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology"
  118. ^ "Work on Nagana, sleeping-sickness and Malta Fever"
  119. ^ "Work on reposition of congenital hip-joint luxation"
  120. ^ "his discovery of the local anesthetic power of cocaine, and his generous presentation of it to the profession without pecuniary return"
  121. ^ "Work on the perfection of the microscope and work on social hygiene"
  122. ^ "Work on the electrical conditions in animal organs"
  123. ^ "for researches on ophthalmology"
  124. ^ "Work on the regulation of fluids in the living organism"
  125. ^ "The creator of a new scientific branch, criminal anthropology, which is medical in its methods, principles and histological foundations but social and judicial in its practice"
  126. ^ "Work on glands with endocrine secretion; thyroid and parathyroid glands, the hypophysis and adrenal glands"
  127. ^ "The radical treatment of hernia"
  128. ^ "Further work on yellow fever, especially the discovery that a considerable interval must elapse between the first case of yellow fever and the subsequent outbreak or epidemic of the disease"
  129. ^ "Work on the transmission of yellow fever"
  130. ^ "Work on crystallization of proteins and swelling of colloids"
  131. ^ "Investigations which have led to the discovery of a new physical agent, electrical oscillations at high frequency, which have a special effect on the organism and therefore can be used in therapy"
  132. ^ "Original work in discovering the relation of the Trypanosome to sleeping sickness"
  133. ^ "The work done is in the physical field but among the latest discoveries, Röntgen´s has been of greatest use in medicine"
  134. ^ “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him”
  135. ^ "has through pioneer surgery of the brain led the way to the cure of chronical congenital mental illness"
  136. ^ "Work on yellow fever"
  137. ^ "Investigations on dietics and metabolism"
  138. ^ "Work on the use of X-rays in the treatment of certain diseases"
  139. ^ "The discovery of the existence in lower vertebrates of an independent nervous system which arises and is functional during earlier embryonic stages, the discovery of the true nature of the thymus gland, demonstration of the direct morphological continuity of the germ cells of vertebrate animals"
  140. ^ "Work on internal medicine, introduction of nutritional therapy, work on the introduction and development of consumption sanatoria, and cancer research"
  141. ^ "Observations on the parasites of malaria and the discovery of the spirillum of syphilis"
  142. ^ "Work on the treatment of rabies with radium"
  143. ^ "Researches on the biology of the sea"
  144. ^ "Work on lepra (1879-1904), gonorrhea (1879-1904), syphilis (1881-1906), experimental syphilis (1904-1906) and on prostitution and the prevention of venereal diseases (1889-1905), and work on dermathology (1891-1904)"
  145. ^ "Discoveries as to the coagulability of the blood"
  146. ^ "The book "Die hyperämie als heilmittel, published 1903"
  147. ^ "Work on the pathology of the thyroid gland"
  148. ^ “for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland”
  149. ^ "Highly eminent and intelligent researcher"
  150. ^ "Study of the occurrence and cause of caries"
  151. ^ "Founder of the zoological station in Naples, and for the research conducted there"
  152. ^ "Biological importance of crystals (eg uric acid), and work on tuberculosis and phthisis"
  153. ^ "for work on chloroform; for his fundamental researches on animal and plant electricity and the application of electrical methods to study the physiology of the heart and the diagnosis of heart lesions"
  154. ^ "First to implement the method of immunity by injection of dead cultures, in vaccines against cholera and plague"
  155. ^ "Work on the chemistry of respiration"
  156. ^ "Work on proteins and enzymes"
  157. ^ "Physiological and anatomical studies of the organs of sight and hearing, as well as the heart and blood circulation"
  158. ^ "Development of psychological-medical methods of study"
  159. ^ "Representative award for the importance of research on the treatment of cancer"
  160. ^ "Observation of transmutation and work on heredity"
  161. ^ "Work on blood coagulation, the secretion and activation of pancreatic juice"
  162. ^ "Preventative vaccination against tuberculosis; sera against snake venom; work on bubonic plague"
  163. ^ "Work on the etiology of syphilis"
  164. ^ "Work on Kala-azar, methods of inoculation against Rinderpest (cattle plague), first experimental proof of the transmission of Surra by the bites of horse flies and investigation of snake venoms"
  165. ^ "Work on protein chemistry"
  166. ^ “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses”
  167. ^ "Extensive work in physiology, especially studies of blood circulation, the bladder, temperature regulation of the brain, use of the plethysmograph and ergograph, and physiology of residents of the Alps"
  168. ^ "Studies of the heart of warm-blooded animals, and methods for prolonging life of the heart after removal from the body"
  169. ^ "for his method of corneal transplant, and other advances in eye surgery"
  170. ^ "Studies of the effects of injection of rabies virus into the circulatory system. Rabies is possibly transmitted through ingestion of contaminated material"
  171. ^ "own work on tuberculosis and his efforts to improve sanitary and hygiene conditions in Europe"
  172. ^ "Investigations on the functions of the central nervous system and their practical use in the surgery of the central nervous system"
  173. ^ "for introduction of medicaments in the veins"
  174. ^ "Work on physiological optics"
  175. ^ "Work on diseases of the blood, and the discovery of the bone marrow´s function in the formation of blood"
  176. ^ "Introduction of local anaesthesia in practice"
  177. ^ "Work on the mechanics of development"
  178. ^ "Work on transplantations and the discovery of surgical myxoedema"
  179. ^ "Contributions to the biochemistry of bacteria; production of immunity by filtered bacterial cultures (hog cholera); work on Texas fever"
  180. ^ "Work on optical imaging"
  181. ^ “for his work on the dioptrics of the eye”
  182. ^ "Research on the localization of cerebral faculties"
  183. ^ "Early development of the human race ("... Arbeiten über die vorgeschichtlichen Menschenrassen; dieser durch die in mehrehen Schriften verfochtene Theorie der Abstammung des Menschen von kleinen Menschenrassen." Tartu, Estonia)"
  184. ^ "Work on the fertilization process and embryology"
  185. ^ "Work on the chemistry of fertilization"
  186. ^ "Work on cytology"
  187. ^ "Has done more for the advancement of surgery and medical teaching than any man in America"
  188. ^ "Work on tuberculosis and tuberculous rheumatism"
  189. ^ "for contributions to the anatomical, medical and surgical sciences"
  190. ^ "Work on the functions of the brain"
  191. ^ "The demonstration that yellow fever and malaria could be banished from the Isthmus of Panama"
  192. ^ "Work on lumbar puncture"
  193. ^ "Work on the transmission of tuberculosis"
  194. ^ "Kraepelin has reformed the areas of scientific and practical psychiatry"
  195. ^ "Work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus and cerebellum"
  196. ^ “for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus”
  197. ^ "Work on the blood circulation organs"
  198. ^ "Work on immunity, the principles of sera diagnostics"
  199. ^ "Investigations on the anatomy and physiology of the cell"
  200. ^ "Work on embryology"
  201. ^ "Work on the brain´s history of development"
  202. ^ "The discovery of the typhus bacilli"
  203. ^ "Study of Jacksonian epilepsy and the lesions in diseases of the brain"
  204. ^ "work on therapeutic surgery and amputations"
  205. ^ "Work on the anatomy and importance of area centralis in human, and on the structure and importance of brain localization"
  206. ^ "Method for uterine extirpation"
  207. ^ "Work on electro diagnostics and neuro pathology"
  208. ^ "Work on electrical currents in muscles and nerves"
  209. ^ "Investigations on diabetes"
  210. ^ "Work on metabolic diseases"
  211. ^ "Extensive work in the field of physiology; work on the physiology of blood, circulation and respiration, heat regulation and so on"
  212. ^ "Histological work, especially on bones"
  213. ^ "Serum reaction in syphilis"
  214. ^ "Investigations on icterus and diabetes; work on neurology"
  215. ^ "Serum treatment of cerebrospinal meningitis"
  216. ^ "Research on immunity"
  217. ^ "Work on the string galvanometer"
  218. ^ “for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram”
  219. ^ "Work on tuberculosis and vaccination against anthrax"
  220. ^ "Work on the anatomy of the nervous system"
  221. ^ "The synthesis of uric acid"
  222. ^ "Work on nutrition"
  223. ^ "Work on the human retina and on nerve endings in different organs"
  224. ^ "Work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the urinary tracts"
  225. ^ "for work on endocrine secretion and cardiovascular innervation"
  226. ^ "Work on artificial parthenogenesis"
  227. ^ "Work on the registration of blood flow, the action of the suprarenal gland, and the muscle electricity"
  228. ^ "Work on cholera and tuberculosis"
  229. ^ "Work on the continuation of life in isolated tissues"
  230. ^ “in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs”
  231. ^ "Work on immunochemistry"
  232. ^ “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation”
  233. ^ "Discovery of the antibacterial effect of formaldehyde"
  234. ^ "All the work Ranvier has done"
  235. ^ "Work as a clinical teacher of surgery and discovery, practical application and wide diffusion of clinical methods"
  236. ^ "Contributions to the abdominal surgery"
  237. ^ "Work on the pathology and treatment of anchylostomiasis"
  238. ^ "for his work on arterial hypertension"
  239. ^ "for studies on the mode of action of serums, discovery of bacteriotropins and the reintroduction of the treatment from 1896 of tuberculosis"
  240. ^ "for the "discovery of preventative of heart failure""
  241. ^ "Work on chemotherapy"
  242. ^ "Work on artificial pneumothorax"
  243. ^ "Work on the normal and pathological anatomy of the brain"
  244. ^ "Life-long studies on parasitology and discovery of the route of entry of Ankylostoma duodenale into the human body"
  245. ^ "Work on anchylostomiasis"
  246. ^ "Work on the anatomy and pathology of the nervous system"
  247. ^ "Work on the physiology of the organs of endocrine secretion, and in particular the supra-renal capsules and the pituitary gland"
  248. ^ "Work on narcosis"
  249. ^ "No motivation"
  250. ^ "Discovery and perfection of the operation for the total enucleation of the prostate gland"
  251. ^ "All the work Ellenberger has done"
  252. ^ "Founder of radiotherapy"
  253. ^ "Work on the nutrition of the embryo"
  254. ^ "Work on sporotrichosis"
  255. ^ "Work on infantile paralysis, eye deviation in hemiplegia, chorda tympani, antagonism between certain poisons, mercury poisoning, the effect of medicines on bile secretion, fibrillary twitches in electrified heart"
  256. ^ "Work on hemoglobin"
  257. ^ "Work on chlorophyll and hemoglobin"
  258. ^ "Work on endocrine secretion"
  259. ^ "Work on the organ of sight"
  260. ^ "Work on the physiology of the heart"
  261. ^ "The discovery of a new trypanosome disease (thyroidite parasitaire)"
  262. ^ "Work on secretin and prosecretin"
  263. ^ "Work on chemical regulations and endocrine secretion"
  264. ^ "Work on syphilis"
  265. ^ "Work on degradation and formation processes of proteins in vivo and in vitro, and fermentive processes"
  266. ^ "Method for vaccination against typhoid fever"
  267. ^ "Work on a method to cultivate tissues in vitro"
  268. ^ "Work on Beri-Beri"
  269. ^ “for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin”
  270. ^ "Work on the surgical treatment of cortical epilepsy, urinary bladder operation, echinococcus and mediastinal operation, anastomosis vaso testiculariis, osteoplastic foot exarticulation, and the foundation of a scientific school in Russia"
  271. ^ "Work on experimental phonetics; and the phonetics of various languages"
  272. ^ "Investigations in haemolysis, pernicious and septic anaemias and oral sepsis"
  273. ^ "Work on the anaesthesia caused by magnesium salts and work on insufflation"
  274. ^ "Work on essential substances in rice and their importance in beri-beri"
  275. ^ "Research on the differentiation and specificity of corresponding proteins and an analoguos relation to the starches"
  276. ^ "Work on treatment of uterine myoma with X-rays, radium treatment of non surgical uterine cancer"
  277. ^ "Work on the nervous system and a method to investigate the same"
  278. ^ "Work as a teacher and work on clinical investigation methods"
  279. ^ "Work on vitamins"
  280. ^ "Work on the tuberculin reaction and allergies"
  281. ^ "Work on neurology"
  282. ^ "Work on the serology of and vaccination against tuberculosis"
  283. ^ "Work on the pressure difference procedure and its practical significance"
  284. ^ "Work on Uncinaria Americana"
  285. ^ "The work "Das Cerebellum der Säugethiere""
  286. ^ "Work on the prevention of Typhiod Fever by inoculation with killed cultures of typhoid bacilli"
  287. ^ "His work has opened a new era in mental medicine"
  288. ^ "Work on the chemistry of the egg white, and the use of physical chemical methods in biology"
  289. ^ "Work in several different subjects; fixation of substances in tissues, work on immunity, pancreas diabetes, the cardiac activity"
  290. ^ "Development of mechanical gymnastics as a method of rehabilitation (Swedish gymnastics)"
  291. ^ "Work in gynecology; a textbook on obstetrics; treatment of asphyxia in infants"
  292. ^ "Studies of the development of the human eye, and especially malformations of the eye. His work: Bach und Seefelder "Atlas zur Entwickelungsgeschichte des menschlichen Auges, 1911-13"."
  293. ^ "Studies on the etiology of dysentery. Proved that dysentery is caused by intestinal amoebae"
  294. ^ "Use of urea as a bacteriocide, and its application in the treatment of wounds (Lancet, December 4, 1915, p. 1237; Lancet, December 25, 1915, p. 1428)"
  295. ^ "Pharmacodynamics ("Pharmacodynamie", Paris 1913)"
  296. ^ "for work on the physiology and therapy of congenital deformation of the hip"
  297. ^ "for blood research, especially diagnosis of cholera, typhus and other diseases through specific precipitation; work in combatting epidemics during war"
  298. ^ "Work on plasmogen"
  299. ^ "Work on histology"
  300. ^ "The introduction of physical-chemical methods in physiology, and work on phagocytosis and the permeability of the kidneys"
  301. ^ "Showed that pellegra is completely preventable by means of a proper diet. Research on measles and typhus fever"
  302. ^ "Work on organic arsenic compounds and their therapeutic effect on tuberculosis, malaria and syphilis"
  303. ^ "Work on chromosomes"
  304. ^ "Work on experimental phonetics"
  305. ^ "Work on polyspermal fertilization"
  306. ^ "Work in State Medicine"
  307. ^ "The recognition of the source of many chronic diseases in more or less remote foci of infection"
  308. ^ "Internal medicine issues from the biological view of pathophysiology"
  309. ^ "Work on sensory physiology in particular"
  310. ^ "Surgical and organizational work"
  311. ^ "Work on the parathyroid gland"
  312. ^ "Work on the pituitary gland"
  313. ^ "Work on micro-analysis"
  314. ^ “for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances”
  315. ^ "Work on the history of ophthalmiatrics"
  316. ^ "Work on the histogenesis of the placenta, the histogenesis of connective tissue during inflammation and work on the development of the blood elements"
  317. ^ "Work in the field of pediatrics"
  318. ^ "for his own work on transplantation of transparent cornea"
  319. ^ "for his own work on microbes"
  320. ^ "Numerous works on the supply of oxygen in the organism"
  321. ^ “for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism”
  322. ^ "Work on typhus recurrence, leishmaniasis, infantile splenomegaly, toxoplasma and the filterable virus of influenza"
  323. ^ “for his work on typhus”
  324. ^ "Work on ants, the anatomy of the nervous system, hypnotism and suggestion and contributions to the alcohol issue"
  325. ^ "Work on diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders; his textbook on the subject"
  326. ^ "The discovery of the antiseptic properties of formaldehyde and its derivatives, work on the role of acetic aldehyde in the changes of nutrition, and the effect of meteorological factors on bacteria suspended in the air"
  327. ^ "The discovery of the spirochaete of hemorrhagic icterus"
  328. ^ "for work on the Japanese spirochaete ictero-haemorrhage"
  329. ^ "Work on metabolism"
  330. ^ " for the foundation of modern orthopaedic surgery"
  331. ^ "Work on Paracelsus and medicine in the middle age"
  332. ^ "Work on physiology, construction of the respirator and studies on nutrition"
  333. ^ "Work on the role of potassium in the organism"
  334. ^ "Work in the field of brain pathology, especially the localization of the vision centra"
  335. ^ "Work on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and on the role played by different organs in metabolism"
  336. ^ "Work on the chemistry and therapy of cancer, the biological effect of light, the differentiation of carbohydrates and on fermentation"
  337. ^ "Work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus and cerebellum"
  338. ^ “for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma”
  339. ^ "Investigations on the physiology of development (experimental embryology), on the physiology of regeneration and in genetics"
  340. ^ “for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity”
  341. ^ "Work on vaccination against typhus fever"
  342. ^ "Improvements of the human blood transfusion method"
  343. ^ "Work on surgery"
  344. ^ "Work on nerve histology"
  345. ^ "The introduction of iodine tincture for disinfection of the area for operation"
  346. ^ "Work upon lobar pneumonia"
  347. ^ "for his work on war surgery"
  348. ^ "for his work on endocrine secretion"
  349. ^ "work on typhus"
  350. ^ "for work on radiotherapy"
  351. ^ "for work on poliomyelitis"
  352. ^ "The introduction of bronchoscopy and "schwebelaryngoskopie""
  353. ^ "Investigations in the field of experimental genetics"
  354. ^ "Work on the frontal and parietal lobes"
  355. ^ "Work on the infiltrational anaesthesia"
  356. ^ "Work on treatment with sunlight"
  357. ^ "Work on treatment with sunlight"
  358. ^ "Work on vaccination against typhus fever"
  359. ^ "Work on the physiology of respiration"
  360. ^ "Researches into the etiology of endemic goitre and other diseases of the thyroid gland; and researches relating to vitamins and nutritional physiology and pathology"
  361. ^ "Work on the finer structure of the cerebral cortex"
  362. ^ "Fundamental research on agglutination, hemolysis, syphilis, poliomyelitis and the chemistry of antibody production and antibody action"
  363. ^ “for his discovery of human blood groups”
  364. ^ "Numeral works in the area of ophthalmiatrics"
  365. ^ "The introduction of a new method for the treatment of acute purulent arthritis"
  366. ^ "Research in bacterio-chemistry and the discovery of the fundamental law underlying bacterial metabolism"
  367. ^ "Work on acromegalia and on numerous nervous diseases"
  368. ^ "Work on the physiology and pathology of the brain"
  369. ^ "Work on endocrine secretion, especially the functions of the thyroid and parathyroid glands"
  370. ^ "Work on poisons and blood coagulation"
  371. ^ "Work on the functions of the reproductive glands"
  372. ^ "Work on the fluoroscopic study of the motor activities of the alimentary tract, surgical shock and on internal secretion"
  373. ^ "The purification of thyroxine and description of its structure"
  374. ^ a b "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
  375. ^ "Work on skin diseases"
  376. ^ "Work on arsenic mold"
  377. ^ "Colloid chemical work, especially elastic ultrafiltra and work on lipoids"
  378. ^ "Work on splenomegalia (Morbus Banti, splenomegalia haemolytica)"
  379. ^ "Work on the nervous system and in the area of the mechanics of the intestines"
  380. ^ "Work on the virus of poliomyelitis, influenza and sleeping-sickness"
  381. ^ "Work on the architectonics of the cerebral cortex, cortex localization and on the function of corpus striatum"
  382. ^ "Work on production of heat in the muscle contraction"
  383. ^ “for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle”
  384. ^ “for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle”
  385. ^ "Work on energy turnover in the muscle"
  386. ^ "Investigations on metabolism and especially the discovery of insulin"
  387. ^ “for the discovery of insulin”
  388. ^ "The discovery of insulin"
  389. ^ "Work on the nutritional importance of certain amino acids and accessory food substances (vitamins) and on the respiratory processes in muscle"
  390. ^ “for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins”
  391. ^ "Work on the general energetics of life phenomena"
  392. ^ “for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme”
  393. ^ "Work on the science of prosthesis"
  394. ^ "Work on the history of epidemics"
  395. ^ "The introduction of deep X-ray therapy"
  396. ^ "Work on cancer"
  397. ^ "work and research on the radiotherapy of cancer and sarcoma"
  398. ^ "for chemotherapy of carcinomas of the mammary glands and uterus"
  399. ^ "Investigations on the neural conduction paths in the brain and spinal cord"
  400. ^ "Work on immunity and chemotherapy"
  401. ^ "Work on the pathological physiology of the liver"
  402. ^ "Work on serum diagnosis in syphilis, protein differentiation and anaphylaxis"
  403. ^ "Work on the physiology of the vestibular apparatus"
  404. ^ "Discovery of the laws of antibody reactions"
  405. ^ "The introduction of a physical chemical view in medicine"
  406. ^ "Work on the chemical course of events in muscle at rest and in action"
  407. ^ "Vaccination against typhus and cholera"
  408. ^ "The works "Theoretische Biologie" and "Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere", and work on tonus and reflexes"
  409. ^ "Work on physical chemical conceptions in physiology"
  410. ^ "Work on the physiology of embryonic development"
  411. ^ "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development"
  412. ^ "Work on the pathological anatomy, symptomatology, prophylaxis and treatment of pellagra"
  413. ^ "The foundation of clinical constitutional research"
  414. ^ "Work on the anatomy, physiology and surgery of the neck and chest sympathicus"
  415. ^ "Work on specific characteristics in the metabolism of cancer patients"
  416. ^ "Research on sex gland tissue"
  417. ^ "Work on the structure of the nerve cell"
  418. ^ "Work on the control of tropical sleeping-sickness"
  419. ^ "Contribution to the theory of, and microscopical examination methods; Work on new dyeing methods and above all work on synthesiology"
  420. ^ "Work on the prevention of simple goitre upon a large scale"
  421. ^ "Work on urine and blood analysis"
  422. ^ "The discovery of the bacteriophage"
  423. ^ "Work on fibrillation and flutter of the auricles"
  424. ^ "The work "On the Relations Between Fertility and Nutrition""
  425. ^ "Work on electrolytic balance in the blood"
  426. ^ "Work on the physiology of embryonic development"
  427. ^ “for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica”
  428. ^ "Discovery of the use of carbon tetrachloride to remove hook worms"
  429. ^ "Experimental investigations upon the double function of voluntary muscle and their nervous control"
  430. ^ "Work on placental and ovarian hormones, characterization of lipoids and on the structure of albumins"
  431. ^ "Effects of poisons on fermentation; ion concentrations in biological systems"
  432. ^ "Isolation from human breast cancers of a micrococcus, proposed as being the cause of cancer"
  433. ^ "Work on blood"
  434. ^ "Work on the anatomy of the nervous system"
  435. ^ "Visualization of the hoof and mouth disease virus, with the aid of ultraviolet light"
  436. ^ "Discovery of sanocrysin, a gold compound for the treatment of tuberculosis"
  437. ^ "Method of direct injection of oxygen into the circulatory system; anesthesia; work on incontinentia urinae"
  438. ^ "for modern methods in comparative and experimental human anatomy, as in his book "Human Anatomy" ("Anatomie des Menschen")"
  439. ^ " for work on the metabolism of fatty acids, and studies of the effects of respiration on these substances"
  440. ^ "Surgical treatment of glaucoma"
  441. ^ "Distribution of lipoids in the human adrenal cortex"
  442. ^ "Work on the acid base balance of the blood"
  443. ^ "Discovery of the scarlet fever virus. Development of a skin test for determining the susceptibility of individuals to scarlet fever."
  444. ^ "Work on the etiology, prevention and cure of scarlet fever"
  445. ^ "Work on epithelial tumors"
  446. ^ "Work on serum disease, and on the prevention of diphtheria"
  447. ^ "Work on blood coagulation"
  448. ^ "Studies of the endocrine glands, and isolation of epinephrine"
  449. ^ "Studies of hypovitaminosis, especially in the work "Das Wesen der Avitaminose""
  450. ^ "Role of the sarcoplasm in muscle contraction. Osmotic pressure regulation by marine animals"
  451. ^ "Work on the etiology, prevention and cure of scarlet fever"
  452. ^ "Work on chronaxy"
  453. ^ "Showed that malignant tumors could be caused by a filterable agent"
  454. ^ “for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses”
  455. ^ "Treatment of battle injuries and fractures"
  456. ^ "Work on cancer"
  457. ^ "Work on acetylene anesthesia"
  458. ^ "Foundation of the field of vitamin research, especially through the introduction of the term "partial hunger""
  459. ^ "Use of ethylene as an anesthetic"
  460. ^ "Work on encephalitis lethargica"
  461. ^ "Work on endocrine secretion of the pancreas and on blood transfusion"
  462. ^ "Operative treatment of spinal and neurological conditions to reduce suffering"
  463. ^ "Work on adrenelin, ergotamine and histamine. Studies of the capillary system"
  464. ^ “for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses”
  465. ^ "Discovery of an hormonal system controlling action of the heart"
  466. ^ "Discovery and preparation of Germanin (Bayer 205), an antitrypanosomal agent, and plasmoquinine, for treatment of malaria"
  467. ^ "Use of Germanin against tropical sleeping sickness, and use of yatren against amebic dysentery"
  468. ^ "Work in the field of anaphylaxis and anaphylatoxin, and research on cellular respiration as applied to bacteria"
  469. ^ "Hormonal control of the heart muscle, especially in his work "Das Hormon der Herzbewegung" (Verlag Urban u. Schwarzenberg, Vienna 1927)"
  470. ^ "Endocrine function of the islets of Langerhans"
  471. ^ "Identification of the islets of Langerhans, and their subsequent importance in carbohydrate metabolism and the discovery of insulin"
  472. ^ "Work on the etiology and pathogenesis of malaria"
  473. ^ "Work on "Protoplasmic transmission""
  474. ^ "Work on cancer"
  475. ^ "Localization of the production of male sex hormone to the interstitial gland of the testes, and of an ovarian hormone to the corpus luteum"
  476. ^ "Discovery of the histo-physiology of the ovary"
  477. ^ "Work on the physiology and pathology of the sympathetic nervous system"
  478. ^ "Work on the pathogenesis, classification and therapy of kidney diseases"
  479. ^ "Work on encephalography on arteries and veins; studies of bloodflow through the carotis artery"
  480. ^ “for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses”
  481. ^ "Studies of the metabolic processes in the cell"
  482. ^ “for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances”
  483. ^ "Work on the chemical nature of the antirachitic vitamin"
  484. ^ “for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins”
  485. ^ "General theory of inflammation ("induktiv aufgebaute Entzündungstheorie")"
  486. ^ "Developed a vaccine against tuberculosis (BCG), now in general use"
  487. ^ "Epidemiology of plague and cholera"
  488. ^ "Work on actinomycosis, encephalitis and on anaerobiosis in bacteria"
  489. ^ "Determination of the minimal (diastolic) blood pressure, anticoagulatory effect of the liver, role of calcium in heart function, extirpation of the stomach and studies of stomach surgery, and studies of heart function"
  490. ^ "Research concerning color vision and the mechanism of accommodation"
  491. ^ "Use of ethylene as an anesthetic"
  492. ^ "Work on the dietary requirements of children, especially infants. Realization that improper diet in itself may cause disease"
  493. ^ "for work on the treatment of tuberculosis"
  494. ^ " for the development of the operation of endoaneurysmorrhaphy"
  495. ^ "for the treatment of eclampsia by conservative lines"
  496. ^ "Work on the relationship between muscular fatigue and changes in the rate of heart beat and respiration; direct measurement of cerebral fatigue"
  497. ^ "Work on UV-radiation and the anti rickets effect of certain substances"
  498. ^ "Work on the biological effects of radiation, especially in the treatment of cancer"
  499. ^ "Work on registration methods, acoustics (especially wave theory) and the function theory of the auditory ossicles"
  500. ^ "Investigations in the field of nerve-muscle physiology; established a new theory of decrementless conduction of nerve impulses"
  501. ^ "Work on protein therapy ("la Troisième Immunité") and polyvalent vaccination"
  502. ^ "Studies of the symptoms and mechanism of acapnia; use of carbon dioxide to irritate the breathing centra"
  503. ^ "Relationship between exocrine and endocrine secretion in the pancreas"
  504. ^ "Discovery of a vaccine against tuberculosis (BCG) with Guérin; sera against snake venom"
  505. ^ "Work on oxidative processes in tissue, and in general in intact organisms"
  506. ^ "Invention of the method of cholecystography and for their contribution to the surgery and pathology of the biliary apparatus"
  507. ^ "Discovery of visualization of the gallbladder"
  508. ^ "The discovery that by the administration of a dye (phenoltetraiodophthalein) preferably intravenously, the Gall Bladder may be visualized when X-ray photography is used"
  509. ^ "The preparation of the active hormone of the parathyroid gland and demonstration of its mode of action and uses"
  510. ^ "Outstanding discoveries in immunology and especially for his brilliant studies on precipitins"
  511. ^ "Many fundamental contributions to the science of gastro-enterology"
  512. ^ "The synthesis of thyroxine"
  513. ^ "The synthesis of thyroxin and proof of its chemical structure"
  514. ^ "Discovered that eating liver will remove the clinical manifestations of pernicious anemia"
  515. ^ “for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”
  516. ^ "Discovered increased regeneration of blood in anemic animals when they were fed liver"
  517. ^ "Work on the treatment of pernicious anemia by means of a diet rich in liver"
  518. ^ "Work on porphyrins; synthesis of hemin"
  519. ^ “for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin”
  520. ^ “for his invention and development of the holographic method”
  521. ^ "Effects of radiation on cell division ("Zellteilung und Strahlung", Jul. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1928.)"
  522. ^ "Studies of posture, reflexes and muscle tonus in humans"
  523. ^ "Work on vitamins; experiments with rats"
  524. ^ "Experimental work with frambosia which led to knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of treponematous infections"
  525. ^ "Work on the chemical nature of the antirachitic vitamin; the discovery that food irradiated with ultraviolet rays produced this vitamin"
  526. ^ "Contributions to the public health and the sanitary progress of the Philippines"
  527. ^ "Developed the theory of "zyzytiology". Studies of the importance of electrolytes in heart disease"
  528. ^ "Divided populations in two groups based on general body structure: one which is more prone to be afflicted with schizophrenic disorders, and another, more susceptible to mano-depressive disorders"
  529. ^ "Methods for isolating, purifying and reducing proteins into their constituent amino acids. Work on preparing chemically standardized diets, and analyzing the effects of diets having certain vitamin deficiencies when fed to rats"
  530. ^ "Work on adrenalin and pituitrin"
  531. ^ "Studies of fermentation, especially ways of changing the ratio of acetaldehyde to alcohol. Also work on nitrogen assimilation through microorganisms and carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
  532. ^ "Work on retrobulbar optic-nerve diseases, herpes iris and sympathetic ophthalmology"
  533. ^ "Work on sacral anesthesia, developed "experimental practical surgery ("création de la chirurgie expérimentale pratique"), organized international conferences for surgeons, and a society for amputees"
  534. ^ "Work on the laws of heredity and sexual determination of higher plants"
  535. ^ "The discovery of the bacteriophage"
  536. ^ "Work on the histology and histopathology of the nervous system, especially studies of glia tissue (microglia and oligodendroglia)"
  537. ^ "Work on mitogenetic radiation"
  538. ^ "For his work, "The suspension stability of the blood" ("The suspensionstability of the blood", Acta med. Scandinav. Bd. 55 H. 1/2 p. 1-288)"
  539. ^ "Discovered ureastibamine (antimonial compound for treatment of kalaazar) and a new disease, post-kalaazar dermal leishmanoid"
  540. ^ "Electrophoretic analyses of plasma proteins and immune globulines"
  541. ^ "Work on sensory nerves and their mode of action"
  542. ^ "The discovery of serum against anthrax"
  543. ^ "Work on the physiology of the heart and respiration, ecpecially considering hemocyanine"
  544. ^ "The discovery of the fulgaration treatment of papillomata and other tumors of the bladder"
  545. ^ "Work on diathermy"
  546. ^ "Work on the mineral and water metabolism in the growing human organism"
  547. ^ "Work on metalsalt treatment of certain infections (tuberculosis, tetanus) in animals"
  548. ^ "Work on the mineral and water metabolism in the growing human organism"
  549. ^ "Studies on the functional relations of calcium and the Parathyroids in normal and deranged metabolism of man"
  550. ^ "Work on the use of bismuth in the treatment of syphilis"
  551. ^ "Work on schizophrenia"
  552. ^ "for work on neurology, and his latest experimental work: "Annotations on the physiology and anatomy of a dog living 38 days without both hemispheres of the cerbrum and without cerebellum""
  553. ^ "Work on the parathyroid gland and chromaphine tissue"
  554. ^ "Work on functions of the ear"
  555. ^ "Work on treatment of detachment of the retina with cauterization"
  556. ^ "The application of toxin antitoxin treatment to mass immunization against diphtheria"
  557. ^ "Work on the etiology of cholera and spirochetosis"
  558. ^ "Work on typhus fever, especially the virus Rickettsia Provazeki"
  559. ^ "The discovery that a high percentage of the bile pigments excreted by the liver are extrahepatic in origin, and also the site of its formation"
  560. ^ "Work on the surgery of sympathicus"
  561. ^ "The discovery of anatoxin"
  562. ^ “Work on the crystallization of a follicular ovarian hormone”
  563. ^ “for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K”
  564. ^ "Work on the physiology of the hypophysis, its role in carbohydrate metabolism"
  565. ^ “for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar”
  566. ^ "The treatment and cure of leprosy by means of derivatives of chaulmoogra oil"
  567. ^ "Work on the postnatal growth and development of the mammalian nervous system, particularly as illustrated by the nervous system of the albino rat"
  568. ^ "Work on the pathology and treatment of tumors"
  569. ^ "Work on the technique and the practice of the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, of operations for gall stones, and for diseases of the pancreas"
  570. ^ "Work on the specific substance that cures pernicious anemia and is found in liver-extract"
  571. ^ "Work on the physiology and pharmacology of respiration and blood circulation (Much of the work was done in collaboration with Heyman´s son, Corneille J.F. Heymans (NP med 1938))"
  572. ^ "The discovery of traumatic pathogenesis in batrachians"
  573. ^ "Work on the Arndt-Schulz´s rule, silicic acid, formic acid and sulfur"
  574. ^ "Work in connection with Intravenous Urography (uroselectan)"
  575. ^ "Work on the area of colloid chemistry"
  576. ^ "Work on tissue cultivation in vitro"
  577. ^ "for discoveries on anaphylactic shock"
  578. ^ "Work on the chemical constitution of the animal cell, especially the structure of thymonucleic acid"
  579. ^ "Work on the tonic and trophic innervation of voluntary muscles and spinal parasympathicus, and progressive muscular dystrophy"
  580. ^ "Work on the physiology of the kidneys (catheterizing of individual renal glomeruli)"
  581. ^ "Collapse treatment of lung tuberculosis, especially thoracoplasty; also in relation to cardiolysis and intermittent positive pressure breathing"
  582. ^ "Work on hormones, especially hormones of the follicle and pituitary gland, and on pregnancy reaction"
  583. ^ "Work on the sex hormones of the ovary and the anterior pituitary lobe"
  584. ^ "Work on genetics, "crossing over", lethal factors, the demonstration of a fourth coupling group in the genes of Drosophila, the effect of temperature changes and X-rays on the mutation rate"
  585. ^ “for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation”
  586. ^ "work on the isolation of crystalline urease"
  587. ^ “J.B.Sumner for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized”
  588. ^ “for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form”
  589. ^ "Work on the isolation of crystalline pepsin"
  590. ^ "Work on anatoxins as vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus"
  591. ^ "Work on inherited and acquired causes of disease in twins"
  592. ^ "Work on human twins"
  593. ^ "Work on diabetes, especially the prediabetic state"
  594. ^ "Work on the treatment of scars"
  595. ^ "Work on the analysis of blood and urine (Benedict: creatine, creatinine, sulfur, sugar. Folin: urea nitrogen, amino acids, uric acid, creatinine, blood sugar)"
  596. ^ "Work on hygiene. The founder of The Royal Institute of Public Health"
  597. ^ "Work on endocrine secretion"
  598. ^ "Work on the function of the control of blood pressure"
  599. ^ "The discovery of vitamins A, B and D, and the discovery of the role of manganese and magnesium in animal metabolism"
  600. ^ "The demonstration that phosphagen is the direct energy producing substance of the muscular contraction"
  601. ^ "Work on the hormone from the cortex and the suprarenal gland"
  602. ^ "The chemo-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate proteins"
  603. ^ "Work on cytochromes and respiration ferment (enzymes)"
  604. ^ "Work on occupational physiology and the interaction between psychic and vegetative functions"
  605. ^ “for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs”
  606. ^ "Work on blood distribution in higher organisms"
  607. ^ "Work on immunity reaction in invertebrates and contact immunity"
  608. ^ "Work on the lepra bacillus"
  609. ^ "Work on treatment of malaria with quinine and plasmoquinine; work on beri-beri"
  610. ^ "Work on transplantations"
  611. ^ "Work on transplantations"
  612. ^ "Work on the normal and pathological pneumatization of the temporal bone and the relations to diseases in the middle ear"
  613. ^ "Work on auxines"
  614. ^ "Work on tumors and on plant hormones"
  615. ^ "Work on blood distribution in higher organisms"
  616. ^ "Work on hexurone acid and vitamin C"
  617. ^ “for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid”
  618. ^ "Work on the regulation of respiration and blood circulation"
  619. ^ “for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration”
  620. ^ "Work on Wilson´s disease"
  621. ^ "Work on the change of the antigene effect in bacteria"
  622. ^ "Work on bacteria dissociation"
  623. ^ "Work on treatment of neoplasms by changing the physico-chemical environment"
  624. ^ "Work on the use of biophysics in medicine"
  625. ^ "Promotion of a schema for the prevention of tuberculosis"
  626. ^ "Work on the ultravirus of the tubercle bacillus"
  627. ^ "Work on the physiology of the adrenal glands"
  628. ^ "Work on variola (smallpox) virus"
  629. ^ "Work on histological dyeing methods, on naevi pigmentosi and carcinogens"
  630. ^ "The invention and development of drugs for intravenous urography"
  631. ^ "Research studies in psychiatry, especially work in mental hygiene"
  632. ^ "Work on the paratympanic organ"
  633. ^ "Work on lymphatic organs"
  634. ^ "for work on oxidation and reduction processes in the living organism"
  635. ^ "Work on plasmoquinine"
  636. ^ "Work on plasmoquinine and atebrin"
  637. ^ "Work on the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the animal organism"
  638. ^ "The introduction of ventriculography and encephalography and work on the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid"
  639. ^ "Work on neopallium"
  640. ^ "Work on the trophic function of the nervous system and its role on disease"
  641. ^ "The discovery and demonstration of ovogenesis from the germinal epithelium in the adult mammal, and of the follicular hormone"
  642. ^ "Work on hypophysectomy"
  643. ^ "Work on the substance of tissues"
  644. ^ "Introduction of the cathode ray oscillograph, work on the physiology of the peripheral and central nervous systems"
  645. ^ “for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres”
  646. ^ "Work on a technique using the cathode ray oscillograph for the investigation of electric potential changes in nerve tissue"
  647. ^ "Work on the physiology, chemistry and biology of sex hormones"
  648. ^ “for his work on sex hormones”
  649. ^ "Work on bacteriophagy, the chemistry of antigenes, the effect of radium on microbes, parasitology, vaccination against meningococci"
  650. ^ "Work on the blood sedimentation reaction"
  651. ^ "Work on Pneumonic Plague and especially the discovery of the role played by the Tarbagan in its transmission"
  652. ^ "The introduction of experimental methods in histology and pathology, investigation of cell-division and thymus"
  653. ^ "Work on the diagnosis of and operation on the prostate gland"
  654. ^ "Work on physiology and immunity, the diagnosis of human hydatid and investigations on the Australian snake venoms"
  655. ^ "Work on vaccination against acute anterior poliomyelitis"
  656. ^ "for work on vitamin C"
  657. ^ "Work on the pathogenesis of pernicious anaemia"
  658. ^ "Work on bronchoscopy, laryngology, esophagoscopy and gastroscopy"
  659. ^ "Work on the production of tumors with chemical substances"
  660. ^ "Work on the humoral mechanism for gastric secretion, histamine, the mechanism of secretin, the discovery of cholecystokinin"
  661. ^ "Work on the yellow ferment, especially its resynthesis"
  662. ^ “for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes”
  663. ^ "Work on humoral transmission of nervous impulses to tissues"
  664. ^ "The development of a clinical ambulatory method for determining patency or non-patency of the fallopian tubes (the "Rubin test")"
  665. ^ "Work on the endocrine secretion of the ovary"
  666. ^ "Work on the production of tumors with chemical substances"
  667. ^ "Work on the sense of smell, particularly in its relation to the diagnosis of brain tumors and other lesions of the brain"
  668. ^ "Work on the periodic fertility and infertility of the woman"
  669. ^ "Work in cancer research"
  670. ^ "The discoveries on the etiology of Bilharzia disease, due to the parasite Schistosoma haematobium"
  671. ^ "Work on inheritance of quantitative traits, plant genetics and the effect of radiation on genetic traits"
  672. ^ "Work on the treatment and cure of harelip with plastic surgery"
  673. ^ "for excellence in the practice of obstetrics; delivery of quintuplets in a country place far removed from expert assistance"
  674. ^ "The discovery that human influenza is due to a filtrable virus, and that the disease can be transmitted to, and studied in, ferrets and mice"
  675. ^ "The discovery of the photochemical and chemical basis of the visual processes"
  676. ^ "His influence in directing the trend of research in the field of viruses and his introduction of the use of live media for the study of viruses"
  677. ^ "Work on allergic reactions in human and animals"
  678. ^ "Work on the effect of endocrine secretion on the inducement of experimental cancer"
  679. ^ "Work on the physiology of human perspiration"
  680. ^ "Work on skin reactivity"
  681. ^ "Work on the isolation of chemical carcinogenic agents from tar and studies on the relation between chemical constitution and carcinogenic activity"
  682. ^ "Isolation of carcinogenic compounds in pure form"
  683. ^ "Work on the isolation of chemical carcinogenic agents from tar and studies on the relation between chemical constitution and carcinogenic activity"
  684. ^ "Work on the action of yellow fever virus on mice"
  685. ^ “for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it”
  686. ^ "Work on the virus of tobacco mosaic disease"
  687. ^ “for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form”
  688. ^ "The production of crystalline digestion ferment (enzyme)"
  689. ^ "Work on the colloid state in sickness and in health"
  690. ^ "Work on chemotherapy (antimony compounds used against certain tropical diseases)"
  691. ^ "Work on the female sex hormones"
  692. ^ "Work on the use of X-rays in cancer therapy"
  693. ^ "Work on anesthesia"
  694. ^ "Work on and discovery of protamine insulinate"
  695. ^ "Work on vegetable fats in nutrition (linolic and linoleic acids) and Vitamine E"
  696. ^ "Work on gastric allergies"
  697. ^ "Work on immunization against the American typhus fever ("Rocky Mountain spotted fever")"
  698. ^ "Work on natural stimulation and excitability"
  699. ^ "Work on echinococcus diseases"
  700. ^ "Numeral works on parasitology"
  701. ^ "Work on serologically different types of pneumococcus"
  702. ^ "Work on skin diseases"
  703. ^ "Work on the hematopoietic apparatus, the endocrine glands, animal parasites, and the etiology of cancer"
  704. ^ "Work on the experimental production of arteroschlerosis"
  705. ^ "Work on surgery of the thyroid"
  706. ^ "Work on lymphogranuloma inguinale"
  707. ^ "for investigations in the serum treatment of different forms of pneumonia and investigations in the field of infectious arthritis"
  708. ^ "Work on the mucous membrane of the gastro-intestinal tract and its physiology"
  709. ^ "Work on endocrinology"
  710. ^ "Work on fiterable virus and the discovery that certain types of bateria go through an early parasitic stage of development within certain cells of the body"
  711. ^ "Methods for measuring antigens, antibody and complement. Specifically, studies on the purification of Pneumococcus polysaccharides, leading to routines for immunization against pneumococcal pneumonia"
  712. ^ "Discovery of Prontosil"
  713. ^ “for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil”
  714. ^ "Work on the treatment of streptococcus hemolyticus infections by the use of sulfanilamide"
  715. ^ "The discovery of the facts relating to para-amino-benzene sulfonamide"
  716. ^ "Studies on stovarsol, germanin and discovery of the antimicrobial action of sulfonamides (sulfa drugs)"
  717. ^ "Work on heterogenous antigenes"
  718. ^ "Work on the thymus gland and the experimental production of tumours in rats"
  719. ^ "Work on the psychic and organic life and the role of the vegetative centras"
  720. ^ "Work on the original and clinical investigations of the etiology and treatment of intraocular inflammation, especially iritis and uveitis"
  721. ^ "Work on the medical approach, classification and treatment of abnormal child behavior and child psychiatry"
  722. ^ "Work on tropical diseases (lepra, sporotrichos, yellow fever, malaria) and their transmission"
  723. ^ "The demonstration of the presence in the adrenal cortex of a substance necessary to life and extraction of the same"
  724. ^ "Work on the alcohol metabolism in the organism"
  725. ^ "Work on the thyroid gland and brain surgery, especially the hypophysis"
  726. ^ "Work on experimentally induced scurvy and Vitamin C"
  727. ^ Additional nominators are: E. Langfeldt, prof physiological chemistry, C. Schötz, prof hygiene, O.L Mohr, prof anatomy, K. Schreiner, prof anatomy, Fr. Leegaard, prof physiology, K. Hansen, prof pharmacology, R. Ingebrigtsen, prof surgery, A. Sunde, prof obstetrics and gynecology, S. Hagen, prof ophthalmiatric, L. Kreyberg, prof pathologic anatomy, N. Danbolt, prof dermathology and syphilidology, F. Leegaard, prof , T Thjötta, prof bacteriology, O. Hanssen, prof medicine, H.A. Salvesen, prof medicine, all in Oslo, NO
  728. ^ "Work on changes in the electropotential of active endocrine glands"
  729. ^ "Work on coordination and plasticity within the central nervous system"
  730. ^ "Work on the optical state of muscles, especially an action substance in the nerve"
  731. ^ "Work on malignant tumours"
  732. ^ "Fundamental contribution to the Theory of Disease; Established the streptococcal nature of poliomyelitis infection, and studied the conversion/reversion of this streptococcus into virus form; in vitro synthesis of antibodies to the poliomyelitis antigen; studies of streptococci from epilectic patients"
  733. ^ "Work in the preparation of unstable cell constituents, such as viruses, enzymes and antibodies"
  734. ^ "The discovery that the production of renal ischaemia results in a permanent hypertension"
  735. ^ "Work on treatment of schizophrenia with insulin"
  736. ^ "Proposed the methods of angiostomy and organostomy"
  737. ^ "The work "La fluorescence en biologie""
  738. ^ "Work on coacervates"
  739. ^ "Work on "Heart-Action""
  740. ^ "Work on biological microchemistry, especially the work "Chemical Embryology""
  741. ^ "Work on production of plant disease generating virus in crystallized form"
  742. ^ "Discovery of the function of the centras in tuber cinereum and the hypothalamus"
  743. ^ "Work on cultivation of tissues outside of the body, tissue transplantation, endocrinology and cancer"
  744. ^ "Work on the theory of Coctoantigen (Coctoimmunogen and Impedin-phenomenon), which is the basis and method for the reform of active immunization or vaccine therapy"
  745. ^ "Work on the physiology of the kidneys"
  746. ^ "Work on the humoral transmission of nervous impulses"
  747. ^ a b "Work on the use of nicotinic acid in pellagra therapy"
  748. ^ "Work on the use of nicotinic acid on "blacktongue""
  749. ^ "Study of the biological antagonism between metabolically important compounds and their structural analogs; isolation and identification of the vitamins: nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, inositol and strepogonin; studies of the nutritional requirements of microorganisms and animals"
  750. ^ "Importance of nicotinic acid in treatment of "black tongue" in dogs and in pellegra in man"
  751. ^ "Work on the relation of dietary deficiencies to human diseases. (Sir E. Mellanby: Rickets and the nervous conditions produced by lack of vitamin A. Lady M. Mellanby: Dental structure and dental disease.)"
  752. ^ "Work on dietary deficiencies, rickets and the nervous conditions produced by lack of vitamin A"
  753. ^ "Development of the method of electrophoresis, and advances in the study of proteins"
  754. ^ “for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins”
  755. ^ "Studies on the physiopathology of the liver"
  756. ^ "Investigation of a possible hormonal cause of toxemia of pregnancy"
  757. ^ "New advances in joint surgery"
  758. ^ "Work on vitamins, especially vitamins B2 and B6"
  759. ^ "Isolation and study of vitamin B1"
  760. ^ "Development of methods for large-scale production of a vaccine against typhus"
  761. ^ "for preparation of sulphonamide compounds, and their introduction in therapy"
  762. ^ "for treatment of malaria and tumours of the spleen by intravenous injection of adrenalin"
  763. ^ "Development of the electroencephalograph"
  764. ^ "Work on the micro-anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system, especially the discoveries of the fundamental plexus and the periterminal network"
  765. ^ "The discovery of vitamin K"
  766. ^ “for his discovery of vitamin K”
  767. ^ a b "Studies on vitamin K"
  768. ^ "Work on stomach cancer"
  769. ^ "Studies of chromosomes, especially in the salivary glands of insects, notably in Drosophila"
  770. ^ "Preparation of crystalline secretin, and its use in diagnosis of pancreatic function"
  771. ^ "Work on the role of the liver in carbohydrate and protein metabolism"
  772. ^ "for the discovery of b. Bertonella"
  773. ^ "Work concerning blood typing, and additives to create a truly universal blood for transfusions"
  774. ^ "1. Fundamental work on biological specificity such as organ specificity and cancer specificity. 2. Fundamental work on the immunology of the blood groups and the Rh factors and his discovery of the nature of the O and B substances. 3. Studies on the serodiagnosis of infectious diaseses especially syphilis, gonorrhoea, tuberculosis and trichinosis"
  775. ^ "Studies on experimental arterial hypertension; Isolation of renin and angiotonin"
  776. ^ "Chemical composition of heart glycosides, especially scillarens, digitalins and strophanthidins"
  777. ^ "Development of the method of electrophoresis, and advances in the study of proteins"
  778. ^ "Development of the electron microscope"
  779. ^ “for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope”
  780. ^ "Work on electroencephalography"
  781. ^ "Studies of the physiology and anatomy of the brain. Treatment of diseases of the brain"
  782. ^ "Practical teaching aids, especially for obstetrics and gynecology"
  783. ^ "Isotope techniques to study intermediary metabolism"
  784. ^ "Study of electrical potentials in cardiac muscle"
  785. ^ "for in situ studies of tissues in live mammals"
  786. ^ "for the elucidation of the nature of sex; bridging the sciences of physiology and genetics"
  787. ^ "for the discovery of carcinogenic hydrocarbons"
  788. ^ "for methods for determining the size of virus particles"
  789. ^ "Demonstrated the process of transmethylation as carried out in the animal body. Studies of the structure of the biotin molecule"
  790. ^ “for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone”
  791. ^ "Studies of the central nervous system, especially the relation of the diencephalon to the posterior pituitary and the sympathetic system"
  792. ^ "Work on new active sulphonamide compounds, especially on the activity of Sulphapyridine against pneumococcus. Studies of the mode of action of these drugs"
  793. ^ "Discovery of an animal which synthesizes protoplasma from mineral matter without the use of chlorophyll or light"
  794. ^ "Studies of nerve-muscle function; reinnervation of muscle"
  795. ^ "Function of nucleus caudatus, work on vasosensibility, and localization in the brain"
  796. ^ "Cardiazol-induced shock treatment of schizophrenia"
  797. ^ "Electroshock treatment of schizophrenia"
  798. ^ a b "Discovery and development of the new chemotherapeutic agent "penicillin""
  799. ^ “for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”
  800. ^ “Discovery of penicillin (Fleming) and its curative effect in various infectious diseases (Chain and Florey)”
  801. ^ "Discovery of arsenoxide (mapharsen); use of mapharsen in treatment of syphilis"
  802. ^ "Work on the pathology and etiology of Mexican typhus (murine typhus)"
  803. ^ "for "The relation of the absorption, fate and excretion of bismuth preparations to their therapeutic effectiveness""
  804. ^ "for work on the physiology of the nervous system, as well as work on isolation of single nerve fibers and muscle fibers and demonstration of the existence of reflex excitatory fibers and reflex inhibitory fibers"
  805. ^ "Treatment of thyrotoxicosis with thiourea and thiouracil"
  806. ^ "Demonstrated that soil bacteria can destroy pathogenic bacteria"
  807. ^ "Work on digestional leucocytosis"
  808. ^ "for the successful transformation in vitro of normal mammalian cells into cancer cells"
  809. ^ "Work on the physiology of the kidneys"
  810. ^ "Discovery of the function of the nucleolus in nucleotide-protein synthesis"
  811. ^ a b "Enzymatic synthesis of glycogen and starch, effect of the anterior pituitary extract and of insulin on the hexokinase reaction"
  812. ^ “for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen”
  813. ^ "Work on soil micro-organisms, development of streptothricin and streptomycin"
  814. ^ “for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis”
  815. ^ "Discovery of the mechanism of urea formation in mammals, oxidative decomposition of d-amino acids and carbohydrates"
  816. ^ “for his discovery of the citric acid cycle”
  817. ^ "Physiology of the retina"
  818. ^ a b “for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye”
  819. ^ "Work on DDT"
  820. ^ "Discovery and production of the lactotropic hormone of the anterior hypophysis"
  821. ^ "The chemistry of muscle; discovery of the enzymatic properties of myosin
  822. ^ "for his work on parasitic epithelioma"
  823. ^ "for work on plasma and human blood fractionation and its great use in the Armed Forces of the US"
  824. ^ "Work on amino acids"
  825. ^ "Introduction of collective radiology photography, "abreuography""
  826. ^ "Correlation between the Rh factor and erythroblastosis foetalis"
  827. ^ "Discovery of the Rh factor"
  828. ^ "Work on nutritional physiology, and the importance of the application of these findings to human health and nutrition (Three publications are mentioned: 1. "The national food supply and its influence on public health", Chadwick Lecture, 1934; 2. "The economics of diet", Presidential Address to British Association, 1935; 3. "Food, Health and Income", book, 1936)"
  829. ^ “for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want, thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war”
  830. ^ "...sa découverte des cellules musculaires afibrillaires, qui seraient à l´origine de l´hypertension artérielle d´origine rénale"
  831. ^ "Constitution of enzymes and their catalythic elements"
  832. ^ "Incidence transmission and control of malaria in the Southwest Pacific"
  833. ^ "The interaction of "half-centers" as a basic explanation of rhythmic progression movements and breathing"
  834. ^ "Work on brucellos"
  835. ^ "Studies of the nature of Influenza and procedures for the prevention and control of the disease"
  836. ^ "Behavior of intracellular and extracellular water and electrolytes and treatment of badly dehydrated infants by the inclusion of potassium salts in the replenishment fluids"
  837. ^ "Fostering of medical research and medical education"
  838. ^ "Mechanism of immunity to virus diseases and the morphology of viruses (psittacosis virus)"
  839. ^ "Identification of streptomycin and experimental and clinical investigation of its properties and of other antibiotic agents"
  840. ^ "The basis for use of streptomycin against turberculosis"
  841. ^ "Discovery of synthetic oestrogens, especially stilboestrol (diethylstilbestrol, DES) and their effects"
  842. ^ "Spontaneous cancer in mice, mother´s milk as carcinogenic factor"
  843. ^ "Agglutination of erythrocytes in vivo in mammals"
  844. ^ "Treatment of lupus with vitamin D2"
  845. ^ "Surgical treatment of malformations of the heart"
  846. ^ "Inborn malformation in the heart"
  847. ^ "Role of the neurotrophism of the typhoidendotoxin and the vegetative nervous system for the symptoms of typhus and for the mechanism of the infection and immunitysystem"
  848. ^ "Discovery of the potent insecticidal effect of DDT"
  849. ^ “for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods”
  850. ^ "Studies on the energetic importance of phosphoric acid in the functioning of muscle"
  851. ^ “for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism”
  852. ^ a b "Microbiological methods, particularly methods utilizing mutants of Neurospora, for determining amino acids, vitamins and their precursors"
  853. ^ “for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events”
  854. ^ "A new principle in treating viral diseases: destruction of the substrate through which virus particles enter susceptible cells"
  855. ^ “for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance”
  856. ^ "Color and sound perception in fish; color perception in bees and bee´s methods of communication"
  857. ^ a b “for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns”
  858. ^ "The polarographic method and its biological applications"
  859. ^ “for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone”
  860. ^ "Coagulation and thrombosis of blood, especially plasmaprokinin and plasmakinin as well as thrombocatalysin"
  861. ^ "Development of the "micro relief method" for microscopic study of tissue surfaces"
  862. ^ "Discovery of the carbon dioxide assimilation process in heterotrophic organisms"
  863. ^ "Described factors controlling release of the antidiuretic hormone"
  864. ^ "Work concerning electroshock treatment of psychosis"
  865. ^ a b "Surgical treatment of isthmus aortae"
  866. ^ "Development of a cytologic method for early diagnosis of uteral cancer"
  867. ^ a b "Surgical treatment of otosclerosis"
  868. ^ "Work on the electro-physiology of the eye"
  869. ^ "Work on the permeability of the cell wall for ions, and ionic equilibrium"
  870. ^ "Work in the fields of oxidation-reduction equilibria and pH measurement"
  871. ^ "Discovery of Chloromycetin"
  872. ^ "Discovery of Aureomycin"
  873. ^ " "All-or-None Law" of the nerve impulse. Work on the physiology of hearing"
  874. ^ "Electrophysiology of the nervous system"
  875. ^ "Work on antibiotics, especially from species of Actinomyces and intestinal bacteria. Studies on bacteriophages, ultravirus and infra-cellular particles"
  876. ^ a b "Experimental studies, and surgical treatment of malformations of the heart"
  877. ^ "Isolation and study of the pituitary hormone"
  878. ^ "Work on the chemistry of streptomycin"
  879. ^ a b "Discovery of Atabrin (quinocrin hydrochloride), an antimalarial agent"
  880. ^ "Work on endocrinology, and especially the adaptation syndrome"
  881. ^ "Discovery that maternal rubella was responsible for congenital cataract. Work on other disorders such as deafness and dementia paralytica"
  882. ^ "Work on dimercaptopropanol and its importance in protection against poisoning by certain metals"
  883. ^ "Work on otosclerosis, and a surgical means for the restoration of practical hearing in certain cases of clinical otosclerosis"
  884. ^ "For his studies of the rheumatic disorders"
  885. ^ "Work on sterins"
  886. ^ "Work on the physiology of hearing"
  887. ^ “for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea”
  888. ^ "Treatment of prostatic cancer with castration and injection of estrogen"
  889. ^ “for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer”
  890. ^ a b c "Discoveries and development of new chemical separation methods based on "counter-current extraction and partition chromatography"
  891. ^ “for their invention of partition chromatography”
  892. ^ "Psychoanalysis"
  893. ^ "Work on the functional organizaton of the spinal cord and on post-effects in neurons"
  894. ^ "Work on Actinomycetal systematics and lytic action on bacteria"
  895. ^ "Work on analgetic and spasmolytic substances, and antihistamine"
  896. ^ "Vaccination against yellow fever"
  897. ^ "Work on acupuncture"
  898. ^ "Work on blood groups (inheritance, anthropological importance, and "heterospecific pregnancy")"
  899. ^ "His work in the field of reticulo-endothelial pharmacology and for his achievements in the study of chemotherapeutic agents"
  900. ^ "Work on corneal transplantation and on tissue transplantations in other ocular and some dermal diseases"
  901. ^ "Diathermal coagulation in connection with eye diseases"
  902. ^ "Work on brucellosis, coccidiomycosis, encephalitis, and botulismus"
  903. ^ "Physiology of the digestive glands; his work, "Secretory mechanism of Digestive Glands""
  904. ^ "Work on fractionation and therapeutic applications of plasma proteins"
  905. ^ "Work on endocrinology (treatment of ocular diseases with instillation of pituitary and muscle extracts)"
  906. ^ "Work on antibody production against protein-free iodine-compounds, on sleep-inducing drugs, and on the liver vein barrier"
  907. ^ "Work on "Radiation genetics""
  908. ^ "Work on compounds (gamones) promoting fertilization in vertebrates and invertebrates"
  909. ^ "The crystallization of vitamin B 1"
  910. ^ "Work on vitamin B 12"
  911. ^ "Work on "chronaxy" and its applications in medicine and neuromuscular physiology"
  912. ^ "Work on inflammation and allergy"
  913. ^ "Fundamental theoretical and practical investigations on the electric phenomena of the heart"
  914. ^ "Work on the nature of adrenocortical hormones"
  915. ^ "Dietary factors in the protection of liver and kidney"
  916. ^ "Synthetic antihistamines"
  917. ^ “for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles”
  918. ^ "Chromatographic analysis of amino acids"
  919. ^ “for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule”
  920. ^ "The role of physphorylation in intestinal resorption and the relationship to the adrenal cortex function"
  921. ^ "Analysis of serum sickness, infectious mononucleosis and hemaglutination "
  922. ^ "Relationship between the genes and a protein in DNA"
  923. ^ "Fertilization and cell division of human ova in vitro"
  924. ^ "Neurohumoral regulation of female sexual functions and tubal egg transport"
  925. ^ "Treatment of femoral collum fractures"
  926. ^ "Germ-free animals"
  927. ^ "The role of extrachromosomal genetic factors in the development of breast cancer"
  928. ^ "Blood coagulation, in particular purification of prothrombin and thrombin"
  929. ^ "Parkinsons disease and its treatment by extirpation of the premotor cortex"
  930. ^ "Typhus fever, in particular serological and bacteriological diagnosis"
  931. ^ "Morgagni's syndrome"
  932. ^ "Polyploidic frogs and mammals"
  933. ^ "A mechanical device for heart function during cardiac surgery of malformations"
  934. ^ "X-ray chinematographic image production"
  935. ^ "Synthetic antihistamine compounds"
  936. ^ "Active and passive anaphylaxia and antianaphylaxia"
  937. ^ "Plant growth hormones"
  938. ^ "Co-nominator was Aage Th B Jacobsen, prof medicine, Aarhus"
  939. ^ "Reflection microscopy"
  940. ^ "The pre-erythrocytic stage of human malarial plasmodia"
  941. ^ "The inheritance of deafness and the proband method of analysis of human pedigree for inheritance of recessive traits"
  942. ^ "Intracellular symbiosis"
  943. ^ "Sensory physiology, muscle innervation, and mechanics of pulmonary circulation"
  944. ^ "Paraaminosalicylic acid in chemotheraphy of tuberculosis"
  945. ^ "Reactions identifying thymic acid and acetal phosphatides"
  946. ^ "Neurophysiology, in particular the physiological basis of electroencephalography"
  947. ^ "Dicoumarol and related compounds"
  948. ^ “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
  949. ^ “for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation”
  950. ^ “for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants”
  951. ^ “for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system”
  952. ^ “for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane”
  953. ^ “for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism”
  954. ^ “for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances”
  955. ^ “for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West”
  956. ^ “for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin”
  957. ^ “for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids”

References

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  2. ^ "Guide to Nobel Prize". Britannica. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
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  4. ^ "Nomination 98 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  5. ^ "Nomination 9925 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  6. ^ "Nomination 3808 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Nomination 132 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Nomination 1804 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d "Nomination 2418 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  10. ^ "Nomination 5412 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d e f "Nomination 11051 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  12. ^ a b c "Nomination 3780 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  13. ^ "Nomination 2084 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  14. ^ "Nomination 4782 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  15. ^ "Nomination 5100 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  16. ^ "Nomination 1705 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  17. ^ "Nomination 955 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  18. ^ "Nomination 5425 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Nomination 1702 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  20. ^ "Nomination 6057 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  21. ^ a b c d "Nomination 942 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d "Nomination 5095 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  23. ^ "Nomination 2091 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  24. ^ "Nomination 6049 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  25. ^ "Nomination 1716 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  26. ^ "Nomination 2096 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  27. ^ "Nomination 957 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  28. ^ "Nomination 6726 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  29. ^ "Nomination 5112 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  30. ^ a b "Nomination 9318 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  31. ^ "Nomination 1349 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  32. ^ "Nomination 279 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  33. ^ "Nomination 553 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  34. ^ "Nomination 102 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  35. ^ "Nomination 574 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  36. ^ "Nomination 4442 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  37. ^ "Nomination 9149 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  38. ^ a b "Nomination 1713 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  39. ^ "Nomination 6061 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  40. ^ "Nomination 1784 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  41. ^ "Nomination 5433 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  42. ^ "Nomination 2107 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  43. ^ "Nomination 581 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  44. ^ "Nomination 964 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  45. ^ "Nomination 2105 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  46. ^ "Nomination 967 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  47. ^ "Nomination 582 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  48. ^ a b c "Nomination 10167 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  49. ^ "Nomination 3801 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  50. ^ "Nomination 6387 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  51. ^ "Nomination 9316 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  52. ^ "Nomination 12437 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  53. ^ a b "Nomination 554 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  54. ^ "Nomination 6047 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  55. ^ "Nomination 6044 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  56. ^ "Nomination 6392 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  57. ^ "Nomination 3789 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  58. ^ "Nomination 565 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  59. ^ "Nomination 1703 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  60. ^ "Nomination 7532 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  61. ^ a b "Nomination 8057 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  62. ^ "Nomination 944 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  63. ^ "Nomination 5752 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  64. ^ "Nomination 6397 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  65. ^ "Nomination 202 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  66. ^ "Nomination 8523 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  67. ^ "Nomination 1333 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  68. ^ "Nomination 5414 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  69. ^ "Nomination 583 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  70. ^ "Nomination 3096 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  71. ^ "Nomination 2106 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  72. ^ "Nomination 8989 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  73. ^ "Nomination 3796 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  74. ^ "Nomination 3102 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  75. ^ "Nomination 1355 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  76. ^ "Nomination 106 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  77. ^ "Nomination 6050 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  78. ^ "Nomination 5097 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  79. ^ "Nomination 1722 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  80. ^ "Nomination 3785 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  81. ^ "Nomination 7022 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  82. ^ "Nomination 2771 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  83. ^ "Nomination 6714 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  84. ^ "Nomination 4443 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  85. ^ "Nomination 1708 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  86. ^ "Nomination 8803 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  87. ^ "Nomination 12819 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  88. ^ "Nomination 2086 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  89. ^ "Nomination 2087 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  90. ^ "Nomination 4448 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  91. ^ "Nomination 8294 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  92. ^ "Nomination 1712 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  93. ^ "Nomination 2765 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  94. ^ "Nomination 2761 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  95. ^ "Nomination 7537 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  96. ^ a b "Nomination 6399 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  97. ^ "Nomination 11068 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  98. ^ "Nomination 110 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  99. ^ "Nomination 958 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  100. ^ "Nomination 11261 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  101. ^ "Nomination 2103 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  102. ^ "Nomination 2777 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  103. ^ "Nomination 11491 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  104. ^ "Nomination 3105 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  105. ^ "Nomination 4793 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  106. ^ "Nomination 11137 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  107. ^ "Nomination 2767 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  108. ^ "Nomination 5767 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  109. ^ "Nomination 1339 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  110. ^ "Nomination 7024 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  111. ^ "Nomination 5420 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  112. ^ "Nomination 959 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  113. ^ "Nomination 3107 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  114. ^ "Nomination 13427 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  115. ^ "Nomination 5101 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  116. ^ "Nomination 5421 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  117. ^ "Nomination 1338 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  118. ^ "Nomination 4105 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  119. ^ "Nomination 3427 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  120. ^ "Nomination 117 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  121. ^ a b "Nomination 3113 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  122. ^ "Nomination 4450 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  123. ^ "Nomination 10053 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  124. ^ "Nomination 9515 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  125. ^ "Nomination 4464 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  126. ^ "Nomination 10749 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  127. ^ "Nomination 5758 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  128. ^ "Nomination 3794 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  129. ^ "Nomination 4786 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  130. ^ "Nomination 2428 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  131. ^ "Nomination 3423 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  132. ^ "Nomination 2099 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  133. ^ "Nomination 563 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  134. ^ "Nomination 6051 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  135. ^ "Nomination 13740 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  136. ^ "Nomination 8808 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  137. ^ "Nomination 12521 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  138. ^ "Nomination 1330 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  139. ^ "Nomination 5419 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  140. ^ "Nomination 567 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  141. ^ "Nomination 6394 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  142. ^ "Nomination 9329 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  143. ^ "Nomination 5770 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  144. ^ "Nomination 2779 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  145. ^ "Nomination 1727 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  146. ^ "Nomination 1728 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  147. ^ "Nomination 5428 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  148. ^ "Nomination 3111 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  149. ^ a b c "Nomination 576 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  150. ^ "Nomination 4452 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  151. ^ "Nomination 2440 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  152. ^ "Nomination 4459 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  153. ^ "Nomination 3439 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  154. ^ "Nomination 6054 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  155. ^ "Nomination 6716 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  156. ^ "Nomination 564 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  157. ^ "Nomination 2786 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  158. ^ a b "Nomination 2119 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  159. ^ "Nomination 3819 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  160. ^ "Nomination 6404 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  161. ^ "Nomination 956 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  162. ^ "Nomination 3790 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  163. ^ "Nomination 5103 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  164. ^ "Nomination 11442 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  165. ^ "Nomination 2772 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  166. ^ "Nomination 3784 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  167. ^ "Nomination 3792 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  168. ^ "Nomination 6402 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  169. ^ "Nomination 11066 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  170. ^ "Nomination 11713 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  171. ^ "Nomination 2756 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  172. ^ "Nomination 9934 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  173. ^ "Nomination 2104 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  174. ^ "Nomination 2450 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  175. ^ "Nomination 7029 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  176. ^ "Nomination 2792 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  177. ^ "Nomination 5111 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  178. ^ a b "Nomination 2735 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  179. ^ "Nomination 1348 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  180. ^ "Nomination 5110 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  181. ^ "Nomination 5429 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  182. ^ "Nomination 5768 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  183. ^ "Nomination 4099 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  184. ^ "Nomination 2769 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  185. ^ "Nomination 5427 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  186. ^ "Nomination 2778 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  187. ^ "Nomination 128 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  188. ^ "Nomination 4114 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  189. ^ "Nomination 2775 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  190. ^ "Nomination 6052 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  191. ^ "Nomination 4115 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  192. ^ "Nomination 3428 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  193. ^ "Nomination 2436 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  194. ^ "Nomination 573 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  195. ^ "Nomination 2439 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  196. ^ "Nomination 1724 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  197. ^ "Nomination 4802 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  198. ^ "Nomination 966 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  199. ^ "Nomination 11979 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  200. ^ a b "Nomination 1360 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  201. ^ "Nomination 981 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  202. ^ "Nomination 12169 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  203. ^ "Nomination 119 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  204. ^ "Nomination 962 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  205. ^ "Nomination 3116 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  206. ^ "Nomination 1732 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  207. ^ "Nomination 10184 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  208. ^ a b "Nomination 963 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  209. ^ "Nomination 2444 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  210. ^ "Nomination 121 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  211. ^ "Nomination 2453 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  212. ^ "Nomination 7773 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  213. ^ "Nomination 1725 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  214. ^ "Nomination 2092 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  215. ^ "Nomination 11874 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  216. ^ "Nomination 2125 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  217. ^ "Nomination 1353 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  218. ^ "Nomination 1356 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  219. ^ "Nomination 1736 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  220. ^ "Nomination 2126 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  221. ^ "Nomination 3437 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  222. ^ "Nomination 4120 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  223. ^ "Nomination 3443 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  224. ^ "Nomination 133 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  225. ^ "Nomination 2457 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  226. ^ "Nomination 595 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  227. ^ "Nomination 4139 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  228. ^ "Nomination 3816 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  229. ^ "Nomination 3435 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  230. ^ "Nomination 1742 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  231. ^ "Nomination 971 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  232. ^ "Nomination 1737 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  233. ^ "Nomination 3450 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  234. ^ "Nomination 123 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  235. ^ "Nomination 2109 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  236. ^ a b "Nomination 980 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  237. ^ "Nomination 1359 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  238. ^ "Nomination 579 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  239. ^ "Nomination 968 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  240. ^ a b "Nomination 125 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  241. ^ a b c d "Nomination 2459 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  242. ^ "Nomination 6406 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  243. ^ "Nomination 8809 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  244. ^ "Nomination 2781 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  245. ^ "Nomination 3449 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  246. ^ "Nomination 2112 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  247. ^ "Nomination 1374 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  248. ^ a b "Nomination 4478 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  249. ^ "Nomination 126 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  250. ^ "Nomination 593 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  251. ^ a b "Nomination 592 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  252. ^ "Nomination 1361 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  253. ^ "Nomination 2787 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  254. ^ "Nomination 3124 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  255. ^ a b "Nomination 1373 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  256. ^ "Nomination 584 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  257. ^ "Nomination 979 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  258. ^ "Nomination 2115 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  259. ^ "Nomination 588 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  260. ^ "Nomination 137 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  261. ^ "Nomination 984 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  262. ^ "Nomination 2451 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  263. ^ "Nomination 2452 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  264. ^ a b "Nomination 5131 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  265. ^ "Nomination 4135 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  266. ^ a b "Nomination 4194 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  267. ^ "Nomination 1365 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  268. ^ "Nomination 2122 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  269. ^ "Nomination 140 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  270. ^ a b "Nomination 3134 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  271. ^ a b c "Nomination 204 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  272. ^ "Nomination 2111 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  273. ^ "Nomination 1734 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  274. ^ "Nomination 591 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  275. ^ "Nomination 135 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  276. ^ a b "Nomination 650 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  277. ^ "Nomination 3815 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  278. ^ "Nomination 5789 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  279. ^ "Nomination 3457 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  280. ^ "Nomination 2123 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  281. ^ "Nomination 3131 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  282. ^ "Nomination 4541 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  283. ^ "Nomination 3133 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  284. ^ "Nomination 1744 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  285. ^ "Nomination 2794 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  286. ^ "Nomination 1746 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  287. ^ "Nomination 3820 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  288. ^ "Nomination 6085 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  289. ^ "Nomination 3135 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  290. ^ "Nomination 4482 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  291. ^ "Nomination 1369 was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.