Reading power station, Berkshire, England supplied electricity to the town of Reading and the surrounding area from 1895 to the 1960s. It was initially owned and operated by the Reading Electric Supply Company Limited, then from 1933 by the Reading Corporation until the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The power station was redeveloped several times with new equipment replacing retired plant. The station was decommissioned in the late 1960s.
History
In 1893 the Reading Electric Supply Company Limited applied for a Provisional Order under the Electric Lighting Acts to generate and supply electricity to the town. This was granted by the Board of Trade and was confirmed by Parliament through the Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No. 5) Act 1893 (57 & 58 Vict. c. cxli).[1] The company built a power station in Vastern Road Reading (51°27'42"N 0°58'18"W)[2] and supplied electricity from November 1895.[3] The riverside location facilitated the supply of coal by barge, and provided cooling water for the power station.
In 1910 the Reading Electric Supply Company obtained the Reading and District Electric Supply Act 1910 (10 Edw. 7 & 1 Geo. 5 c. xxix)[4] which permitted it to extend its area of supply. In 1914 the company further extended its supply area through the means of the Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No.7) Act 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5 c. cxx).[5] The supply area included Reading, Caversham, Mapledurham, Tilehurst and Theale; it provided electricity in bulk to York Town, Blackwater, Henley, Shiplake, Twyford and Sonning.[6]
Reading Electric Supply Company Limited
The Reading Electric Supply Company Limited was registered on 22 January 1892.[3] It generated and supplied electricity to the town of Reading and the surrounding area through the construction of a generating station at Reading and an electricity distribution network of high voltage cables. In 1921 the company operated 30 miles of feeder mains, 71 miles of distribution and service mains, with 1,890 kW of transformer and substation equipment.[6]
In 1921 the company chairman was William May; the managing director was G. W. Spenser Hawkes; the other directors were Sir Phillip Dawson, Charles Ernest Hewett, John May and William Pole Routh.[6] By 1926 John E Broadbent had replaced C. E. Hewett. The company's registered office was 3–5 Market Place Reading.[7]
The company raised capital through the issue of shares. For example, in 1921 it issued share capital of £152,000 in £1 shares and £100,000 7 ½ percent first mortgage debenture stock;[6] in 1926 it issued £152,125 in £1 shares and £150,000 6 percent debenture stock.[7] The revenue and profits of the company are outlined below.
In 1933 Reading Corporation acquired the electricity undertaking of the Reading Electric Supply Company Limited for £443,000.[8] The company was subsequently wound up.
Equipment specification
The original plant at Reading power station comprised horizontal compound condensing engines coupled directly to flywheel alternators. In 1898 the generating capacity was 375 kW and the maximum electricity load was 216 kW.[3]
Plant in the 1920s
New plant was installed to meet growing demand for electricity. By 1923 the generating plant comprised:[9]
- Coal-fired boilers generating up to 69,000 lb/h (8.7 kg/s) of steam, these supplied steam to:
- Generators
- 1 × 350 kW reciprocating engine driving a direct current (DC) generator
- 1 × 500 kW reciprocating engine driving a DC generator
- 1 × 250 kW reciprocating engine driving an alternator
- 2 × 1,500 kW steam turbo-alternator
These machines gave a total generating capacity of 3,250 kW of alternating current and 850 kW DC.[9]
A variety of electricity supplies were available to consumers:
- 3-phase, 50 Hz AC at 345 and 200 Volts.
- DC 400 & 200 Volts[9]
Plant in 1955
New plant was commissioned as older plant was retired from service. By the 1950s Reading power station comprised:[10]
- Boilers:
- 4 × Babcock & Wilcox 15,000 lb/h (1.9 kg/s), steam conditions 175 psi and 500 °F (12.1 bar, 260 °C)
- 1 × Babcock & Wilcox 20,000 lb/h (2.52 kg/s), steam conditions 200 psi and 550 °F (13.8 bar, 288 °C)
- 2 × Babcock & Wilcox 40,000 lb/h (5.04 kg/s), steam conditions 200 psi and 650 °F (13.8 bar, 343 °C)
The boilers had a total evaporative capacity of 160,000 lb/h (20.2 kg/s), and supplied steam to:
- Turbo-alternators:
- 2 × Belliss & Morcon–English Electric 1.5 MW turbo-alternators, generating at 3.5 kV
- 1 × Brush-Ljungstrom 3.75 MW, turbo-alternator, generating at 3.5 kV.
- 1 × English Electric 3.75 MW, turbo-alternator, generating at 3.5 kV
There was also 1 × 200 kW Diesel engine set
The completed total installed generating capacity was 10.7 MW, with an output capacity of 10 MW.[10]
Condenser cooling water was drawn from the River Thames.[10]
Operations
Electricity operational data for the early years was as follows:[3]
| Year | Consumers | Lamps |
|---|---|---|
| 1894 | 38 | 2,150 |
| 1895 | 83 | 4,300 |
| 1896 | 154 | 8,700 |
| 1897 | 201 | 12,299 |
The data demonstrates the rapid growth of electricity consumption during this period.
In 1898 maximum electricity demand was 216 kW.[3]
Operating data 1918–25
The electricity sold and revenue from 1918 to 1920 was as follows:[6]
| Year | Connections kW | Electricity sold MWh | Revenue | Net profit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | 6,149 | 3,486 | £34,659 | £13,284 |
| 1919 | 6,765 | 3,130 | £37,905 | £12,114 |
| 1920 | 7,002 | 3,566 | £51,004 | £14,365 |
The operating data for the period 1921–23 is shown in the table:[9]
| Electricity Use | Units | Year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | ||
| Lighting and domestic use | MWh | 1,048 | 1,030 | 1,177 |
| Public lighting use | MWh | 59 | 61 | 69 |
| Traction | MWh | – | – | – |
| Power use | MWh | 2,459 | 2,191 | 2,248 |
| Total use | MWh | 3,566 | 3,282 | 3,494 |
| Load and connected load | ||||
| Maximum load | kW | 2,628 | 2,703 | 2,931 |
| Total connections | kW | 7,602 | 7,923 | 8,482 |
| Load factor | Per cent | 20.2 | 17.9 | 17.9 |
| Financial | ||||
| Revenue from sales of current | £ | – | 52,472 | 58,727 |
| Surplus of revenue over expenses | £ | – | 15,304 | 23,806 |
The number of customers, the electricity sold and the profit from 1922 to 1925 was:[7]
| Year | Customers | Connections kW | Load kW | Electricity sold MWh | Total revenue | Net profit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 | 2,005 | 8,160 | 2,939 | 3,493 | £55,962 | £23,988 |
| 1923 | 2,164 | 8,730 | 3,250 | 1,089 | £60,636 | £25,766 |
| 1924 | 2,398 | 9,200 | 3,570 | 6,452 | £67,544 | £32,476 |
| 1925 | 2,688 | 10,430 | 4,270 | 6,601 | £78,000 | £38,000 |
Under the terms of the Electricity (Supply) Act 1926 (16-17 Geo. 5 c. 51)[11] the Central Electricity Board (CEB) was established in 1926.[12] The CEB identified high efficiency ‘selected’ power stations that would supply electricity most effectively. The CEB also constructed the national grid (1927–33) to connect power stations within a region.[12]
Operating data 1946
Reading power station operating data in 1946 is given below:[13]
| Year | Load factor per cent | Max output load MW | Electricity supplied MWh | Thermal efficiency per cent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | – | 10,645 | 7,510 | – |
The British electricity supply industry was nationalised in 1948 under the provisions of the Electricity Act 1947 (10-11 Geo. 6 c. 54).[14] The Reading electricity undertaking was abolished, ownership of Reading power station was vested in the British Electricity Authority, and subsequently the Central Electricity Authority and the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB).[12] At the same time the electricity distribution and sales responsibilities of the Reading electricity undertaking were transferred to the Southern Electricity Board (SEB).[14]
Operating data 1954–67
Operating data for the period 1954–67 is shown in the table:[10][15][16]
| Year | Running hours or load factor (per cent) | Max output capacity MW | Electricity supplied GWh | Thermal efficiency per cent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1954 | 1987 | 11 | 11.417 | 10.82 |
| 1955 | 1548 | 11 | 7.172 | 9.59 |
| 1956 | 1401 | 10 | 7.862 | 10.41 |
| 1957 | 840 | 10 | 4.445 | 8.79 |
| 1958 | 322 | 10 | 1.621 | 8.98 |
| 1961 | (1.0 %) | 10 | 0.867 | 7.30 |
| 1962 | (1.2 %) | 10 | 1.066 | 9.85 |
| 1963 | (3.96 %) | 10 | 3.470 | 12.11 |
| 1967 | (5.6 %) | 10 | 4.902 | 11.95 |
The data shows the declining use of Reading power station.
Closure
Reading power station was decommissioned in the 1960s.[17] The buildings were subsequently demolished and the area has been redeveloped with commercial units.
See also
References
- ^ "Electric Lighting Order Confirmation (No.5) Act 1893". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ Ordnance Survey 25 inch England Berkshire XXIX.15 (Eye and Dunsden; Mapledurham; Reading) revised 1912, published 1913
- ^ a b c d e Garcke, Emile (1898). Manual of Electrical Undertakings 1898-99 vol. 3. London: P. S. King and Son. pp. 288–290.
- ^ "Reading and District Electric Supply Act 1910". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ "Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No.7) Act 1914". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Reading Electric Supply Company". The Times. 12 December 1921. p. 17.
- ^ a b c "Reading Electric Supply Company". The Times. 6 February 1926. p. 17.
- ^ "News in Brief". The Times. 4 August 1933. p. 7.
- ^ a b c d Electricity Commissioner (1925). Electricity Supply – 1920–23. London: HMSO. pp. 200–203, 472–477.
- ^ a b c d Garrett, Frederick (1959). Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 56. London: Electrical Press. pp. A-87, A-132.
- ^ "Electricity (Supply) Act 1926". legislation.gov.uk. 1926. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ a b c Electricity Council (1987). Electricity supply in the United Kingdom: a Chronology. London: Electricity Council. pp. 45, 60, 69, 73. ISBN 085188105X.
- ^ Electricity Commissioners (1947). Generation of Electricity in Great Britain year ended 31 December 1946. London: HMSO. p. 13.
- ^ a b "Electricity Act 1947". legislation.gov.uk. 1947. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ CEGB Annual report and Accounts, 1961, 1962 & 1963
- ^ CEGB Statistical Yearbook 1967
- ^ Reading power station is in the CEGB Statistical Yearbook for 1967 but is not included in the 1972 Yearbook