Clarence Victor Carnes (January 14, 1927 – October 3, 1988), known as The Choctaw Kid, was a Choctaw man best known as the youngest inmate incarcerated at Alcatraz and for his participation in the bloody escape attempt known as the "Battle of Alcatraz".
Early life
Clarence Carnes was born in Daisy, Oklahoma, the oldest of five children. He was raised in poverty, and his criminal activities began as a child, stealing candy bars from his school.[1] He was sentenced to life imprisonment at the age of 16 for the murder of a garage attendant during an attempted hold-up. In early 1945, he escaped from the Granite Reformatory with a number of other prisoners, but was recaptured in April 1945 and sentenced to an additional 99 years for kidnapping a man, Jack Nance, while he was on the run. He was then sent to Leavenworth, but attempted to escape while in the custody of the United States Marshals Service and was transferred to Alcatraz along with an additional five-year sentence. There, he was assessed by psychiatrist Romney M. Ritchey and found to have a psychopathic personality, and to be emotionally unstable with an I.Q. of 93.[2][3]
Alcatraz
Carnes arrived on Alcatraz on July 6, 1945. On May 2, 1946, Carnes and five other inmates participated in a failed attempt to escape from Alcatraz which turned into the bloody "Battle of Alcatraz", so-called because three inmates and two prison officers died. After the escape failed, he was tried for murder along with the two other survivors, Sam Shockley and Miran Edgar Thompson, and was found guilty of participating in the plot. Shockley and Thompson were sentenced to death, however Carnes was not executed because he had not directly participated in the murders of the officers and was instead given a life sentence. Some corrections officers who had been taken hostage testified that he had refrained from following instructions to kill them.[4]
Carnes remained on Alcatraz until its closure in 1963, spending most of the time there in the segregation unit. He claimed that he had received a postcard from Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers, John and Clarence, which read "Gone fishing", which was a code word that their escape had succeeded. No material evidence of such a postcard has been found.[citation needed]
Parole, re-incarceration, death
At the time of Carnes' convictions, the federal government still had parole. Consequently, he was paroled in 1973, at the age of 46. However, Carnes's parole was revoked twice due to parole violations and he was sent back to prison with BOP# 61805-132. He died of AIDS-related complications[citation needed] on October 3, 1988, at the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri,[5] and was buried in a paupers' grave.[6][7][8]
In 1989, Massachusetts organized crime figure James J. "Whitey" Bulger, who had befriended Carnes while on Alcatraz, paid for his body to be exhumed and reburied on land in the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.[7] Bulger reportedly bought a lavish $4,000 bronze casket and paid for a car to transport Carnes' remains from Missouri to Oklahoma. Carnes is buried at the Billy Cemetery in Daisy, Oklahoma.[6]
In popular culture
Carnes' life was dramatized in the 1980 Telepictures Corporation TV movie Alcatraz: The Whole Shocking Story. The film, which aired in two 95 minute parts, starred Michael Beck as Clarence Carnes.
The Battle of Alcatraz was dramatized in the 1987 TV movie Six Against the Rock, based on the novel by Clark Howard. While most of the characters were given the names of the real inmates (such as Bernard Coy and Miran Thompson), Carnes' character was renamed Dan Durando, portrayed by Paul Sanchez.
Carnes' life was interpreted in Rolling Way the Rock, a performance piece by Tim Tingle, also a Choctaw man, which premiered in 2006 at the International Symposium of Artists of Conscience in Victoria, British Columbia.[9]
On 2018, Derek Nelson portrayed Carnes in the film “Alcatraz,” which has Carnes as the central figure of the film, with interiors and exteriors shot at a prison in Brighton, England, and on Alcatraz Island, now a US National Park site.
References
- ^ "Survivor Of Alcatraz Escape Attempt Dies In Prison". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
- ^ Ritchey, Romney M. (27 July 1945). "Carnes Psychiatric Report (1945)". Archived from the original on 8 June 2007.
- ^ "Carnes". The Salt Lake Tribune. April 20, 1945. p. 7. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
- ^ "Shockley v. United States, 166 F.2d 704 (9th Cir. 1948)". Justia Law. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
- ^ "'Choctaw Kid' Carnes dies in prison". Herald & Review. Decatur, Illinois. AP. October 6, 1988. p. 9. Retrieved November 29, 2018 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Ranalli, Ralph (19 January 1998). "Whitey paid for Alcatraz inmate's funeral Bulger didn't forget 'Rock' pal" (PDF). Boston Herald. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2011.
- ^ a b Murphy, Shelley (November 29, 2018). "'Whitey' Bulger wished for 'peaceful death,' prison letters say". The Boston Globe. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
- ^ "ExecutedToday.com » 1948: Sam Shockley and Miran Thompson, for the Battle of Alcatraz". Retrieved 2022-04-18.
- ^ "Tim Tingle | Kennedy Center". www.kennedy-center.org. Retrieved 2021-04-16.