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Harriet Wright O'Leary (December 7, 1916 – December 22, 1999) was an American teacher and politician. She was the first woman to serve on the tribal council of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and the first woman to vie for the position as Principal Chief.

Early life and education

Harriet Allea Wright was born on December 7, 1916,[1][2] in Wapanucka, Johnston County, Oklahoma,[3] to Bessie (née Hancock) and James Brookes "J.B." Wright.[1][4] Her family was descended from Harriet (née Mitchell), a missionary from Ohio and Allen Wright, who served as Principal Chief of the Choctaw Republic from 1866 to 1870.[5] Harriet Mitchell's ancestry included Mayflower passengers William Brewster and Edward Doty.[6] Wright was the niece of Eliphalet Nott Wright and a cousin of his daughter, the Oklahoma historian, Muriel Wright.[6][7] Her father served for many years as an Indian agent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs.[8] Wright graduated from McAlester High School and studied at Hershey's Commercial School before attending the Oklahoma College for Women (now the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma) in Chickasha.[1]

Career

After graduating from the Oklahoma College for Women, Wright worked as a stenographer at the Indian Hospital in Talihina, Oklahoma. On April 19, 1941, she married Charles J. O'Leary, a native of Chickasha, Oklahoma, in Tyler Texas.[1] While Charles completed his military service in World War II, O'Leary lived with her parents, where their first son was born in 1943.[9] Upon completion of the war, Charles went to work for Halliburton Oil Company,[10] and the family moved to Whittier, California, where two more sons were born in 1947 and 1948.[11][12] Charles was transferred to the Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburton office and the family returned to Oklahoma, but he died in 1950.[13]

Education (1950–1967)

When Charles died, O'Leary and her sons, Charles, James, and John returned to McAlester and she taught fourth grade at Emerson School while taking graduate courses at the University of Oklahoma.[14] She joined the local chapter of the American Association of University Women in 1951,[15] became its vice president in 1953,[16] and then served as president until 1958.[17] In 1956, she completed her master's degree in education.[3][7] The O'Leary family and other relatives attended the American Indian Exposition's dedication in September 1958, of a statue in the American Indian Hall of Fame for her grandfather, Allen Wright. Immediately after, she and her children moved to Springfield, Missouri, where O'Leary had been hired to teach at Southwest Missouri State College (now Missouri State University).[18]

While living in Springfield, O'Leary became the governor of the local chapter of the Mayflower Society, serving until 1963,[19] when the family relocated to Kansas City, Missouri. That year she took a position as a language arts consultant to the American Book Company.[20] She organized reading workshops for the company urging educators to use phonics.[21][22] O'Leary retired in 1967 and returned to McAlester.[3][23]

Politics and later life (1970–1990)

In 1970, the United States Congress repealed the Choctaw Termination Act.[24] The tribe approved a constitution in 1979,[25] which for the first time since statehood, created a tribal council.[26][27] Because no one had filed to represent her district on the council, O'Leary drove seventy-five miles on the last day of filing to register as a candidate for District 11.[28] She ran under the name of Harriet James,[26] and became the first woman elected to the Choctaw Nation Tribal Council,[3][29] serving from 1979 to 1983.[26][30] At the first meeting of the council, she was not surprised that a man was elected speaker and she was elected secretary, nor that her first two resolutions were rejected. O'Leary said that during her term of office, she overcame the sexism of those who thought women should not be in politics and was able to introduce resolutions that passed.[31]

At the end of her term, O'Leary ran against five male candidates for the office of Principal Chief, but was unsuccessful.[32][30] Her campaign marked the first time a woman had vied for the office and prompted Marycrest College in Davenport, Iowa to grant her an honorary doctorate.[29][33] In the 1980s, she served as the regent of the Kilihoto chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution of McAlester[34] and as the Oklahoma state governor of the Mayflower Society.[35] In the 1990s, she married Patrick Harold Mackey, a retired civil servant, veteran, and fellow Choctaw.[36]

Death and legacy

O'Leary died on December 22, 1999, in McAlester,[37] and was buried in Boggy Depot Cemetery, in Atoka County, Oklahoma.[2] She is remembered for her pioneering role on the Choctaw Tribal Council.[38]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d McAlester News-Capital 1941, p. 5.
  2. ^ a b McKee 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d Anderson 1982, p. 58.
  4. ^ Selective Service 1917.
  5. ^ Wright 1937, p. 20.
  6. ^ a b Loughlin 2005, p. 24.
  7. ^ a b McAlester News-Capital 1956, p. 1.
  8. ^ The McAlester Democrat 1963, p. 2.
  9. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1943, p. 5.
  10. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1946, p. 5.
  11. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1947, p. 2.
  12. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1948, p. 5.
  13. ^ The Chickasha Star 1950, p. 4.
  14. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1955, p. 5.
  15. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1951, p. 5.
  16. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1953, p. 5.
  17. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1958, p. 6.
  18. ^ The Lawton Constitution 1958, p. 18.
  19. ^ Springfield Leader and Press 1963, p. 8.
  20. ^ McAlester News-Capital 1963, p. 4.
  21. ^ Tri-County News 1964, p. 6.
  22. ^ Neosho News 1964, p. 1.
  23. ^ The Daily Oklahoman 1967, p. 31.
  24. ^ Durant Weekly News and Bryan County Democrat 1970, p. 8.
  25. ^ The Daily Oklahoman 1979, p. 59.
  26. ^ a b c Sapulpa Daily Herald 1979, p. 11.
  27. ^ James 1981, p. 45.
  28. ^ James 1981, pp. 45–46.
  29. ^ a b The Dispatch 1983, p. 6.
  30. ^ a b Tulsa World 1983b, p. 38.
  31. ^ James 1981, p. 46.
  32. ^ Tulsa World 1983a, p. 38.
  33. ^ Quad-City Times 1983, p. 10.
  34. ^ Sapulpa Daily Herald 1987, p. 3.
  35. ^ Walker 1983, p. 84.
  36. ^ The Indianapolis Star 1992, p. 34.
  37. ^ Tulsa World 1999, p. 2.
  38. ^ Germany-Wall & Kirven 2023.

Bibliography

Further reading

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Wright_O%27Leary