Battle of Honey Springs

The Jinan dialect (simplified Chinese: 济南话; traditional Chinese: 濟南話; pinyin: Jǐnánhuà) is a Mandarin Chinese dialect spoken in Jinan in Shandong province, China. It is a variety of Jilu Mandarin.

Phonetics and phonology

Consonants of the Jinan dialect
		Labial	Alveolar	Alveolo-palatal	Retroflex	Velar
Nasal		m	n	ɲ		ŋ
Plosive	voiceless unaspirated	p	t			k
Plosive	voiceless aspirated	pʰ	tʰ			kʰ
Affricate	voiceless unaspirated		ts	tɕ	tʂ
Affricate	voiceless aspirated		tsʰ	tɕʰ	tʂʰ
Fricative	voiced				ʐ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ɕ	ʂ	x
Approximant			l

Tone chart of the Jinan dialect
Tone number	Tone name	Tone contour	Description
1	yin ping (陰平)	˨˩˧ (213)	dipping
2	yang ping (陽平)	˥ (5)	high
3	shang sheng (上聲)	˨˦ (24)	rising
4	qu sheng (去聲)	˨˩ (21)	low

Běijīng dàxué Zhōngguó yǔyán wénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge: CUP ISBN 0-521-29653-6
Yuán, Jiāhuá. (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)