Battle of Honey Springs

The Wounaan language, also known as Noanamá and Woun Meu, is a Chocoan language, with around 10,000 speakers on the border between Panama and Colombia.

Phonology

The following tables show the vowel and consonant sounds of Wounann, transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet.^[2]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
	Front	Central	unrounded	rounded
Close	i ĩ		ɯ ɯ̃	u ũ
Close-mid	e ẽ		ɤ ɤ̃	o õ
Open		a ã

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d		g
Affricate				(tʃ)
Fricative			s	ɕ		h
Nasal		m	n
Approximant			l	j	w
Trill			r
Flap			ɾ

/ɕ/ occurs as [t͡ʃ] across dialects.^[3]

References

^ Wounaan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Mejía, Gustavo (2000). Presentación y descripción fonológica y morfosintáctica del waunana. In González de Pérez, María Stella and Rodríguez de Montes, María Luisa (eds.), Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva: Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo. pp. 85–96.
^ Murillo Miranda, José Manuel; Marín Esquivel, Rebeca (2022). Notas sobre la fonología del waunana de Panamá. Revista Lengua Y Literatura, 8. pp. 17–39.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[e18-1] Wounaan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] Mejía, Gustavo (2000). Presentación y descripción fonológica y morfosintáctica del waunana. In González de Pérez, María Stella and Rodríguez de Montes, María Luisa (eds.), Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva: Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo. pp. 85–96.

[3] Murillo Miranda, José Manuel; Marín Esquivel, Rebeca (2022). Notas sobre la fonología del waunana de Panamá. Revista Lengua Y Literatura, 8. pp. 17–39.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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