The Nipissing dialect of Ojibwe is spoken in the area of Lake Nipissing in Ontario. Representative communities in the Nipissing dialect area are Golden Lake, although the language is moribund at that location,[1][2]</ref> and Maniwaki, Quebec. Although speakers of Ojibwe in the community of Kitigan Zibi (also called River Desert) at Maniwaki, Québec self-identify as Algonquin,[3] the language spoken there is Nipissing. Maniwaki speakers were among those who migrated from Oka, Quebec.[4] Similarly, the nineteenth-century missionary Grammaire de la language algonquine ('Grammar of the Algonquin language') describes Nipissing speech.[5]
The term odishkwaagamii 'those at the end of the lake' is attributed to Algonquin speakers as a term for Nipissing dialect speakers, with related Odishkwaagamiimowin 'Nipissing language',[6] and is also cited for Southwestern Ojibwe with the meaning 'Algonquin Indian';[7] other sources ranging from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries cite the same form from several different Ojibwe dialects, including Ottawa.[8]
Speakers of this dialect generally use a French-based writing system.[3][9]
Nipissing Ojibwe is not included in Ethnologue.[10]
See also
Notes
- ^ Valentine 1994, p. 110.
- ^ Day 1978.
- ^ a b McGregor 1987.
- ^ Valentine 1994.
- ^ Cuoq 1891a.
- ^ Cuoq 1886, p. 314.
- ^ Baraga 1878, p. 314.
- ^ Day 1978, p. 791.
- ^ Cuoq 1886.
- ^ Gordon & Grimes 2005.
References
- Baraga, Frederic (1878). A dictionary of the Otchipwe language, explained in English. Part I, English-Otchipwe. Montréal: Beauchemin & Valois.
- Baraga, Frederic (1880). A dictionary of the Otchipwe language, explained in English. Part II, Otchipwe-English. Montréal: Beauchemin & Valois.
- Cuoq, Jean André (1886). Lexique de la langue algonquine. Montréal: J. Chapleau.
- Cuoq, Jean André (1891a). "Grammaire de la langue algonquine". Extrait des Mémoires de la Société royale du Canada. 9 (1): 85–114.
- Cuoq, Jean André (1891b). "Grammaire de la langue algonquine". Extrait des Mémoires de la Société royale du Canada. 10 (1): 41–119.
- Day, Gordon (1978). "Nipissing". In Trigger, Bruce (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 15. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 786–791. ISBN 0-16-004575-4.
- Day, Gordon; Trigger, Bruce (1978). "Algonquin". In Trigger, Bruce (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 15. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 792–797. ISBN 0-16-004575-4.
- Gordon, Raymond G.; Grimes, Barbara F., eds. (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (15th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- McGregor, Ernest (1987). Algonquin lexicon. Maniwaki, QC: River Desert Education Authority. OCLC 30464077.
- Valentine, J. Randolph (1994). Ojibwe dialect relationships (PhD dissertation). University of Texas, Austin.