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The Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy is a 1960 OECD Convention on liability and compensation for damage caused by accidents occurring while producing nuclear energy.[6][7] The convention entered into force on 1 April 1968 and has been amended by protocols in 1964, 1982, and 2004. The convention, as amended by the 1964 and 1982 protocols have 16 parties. The 2004 protocol has not entered into force. Austria and Luxembourg signed the convention but have not ratified it. Switzerland deposited its instruments of ratification for the convention as amended by the 2004 protocol. The convention will entered into force for this country when the 2004 protocol entered into force in 2022.

The convention:

  • Limits liability to a certain amount and limit the period for making claims;
  • Require insurance or other surety by operators;
  • Channels liability exclusively to the operator of the nuclear installation;
  • Impose strict liability on the nuclear operator, regardless of fault, but subject to exceptions.
  • Grants exclusive jurisdiction to the courts of one country, normally the country in whose territory the incident occurs

Parties

A list of Parties to the convention (as amended by the 1964 and 1982 protocols), the 2004 protocol, as well as the Brussels protocol and the Joint protocol is shown below:

Country Convention
incl 1964 and
1982 Protocol		 2004 Protocol Brussels
Protocol		 Brussels Protocol
2004 amendment		 Joint Protocol (Territorial) application
 Belgium 3 August 1966 — 20 August 1985 1 January 2022 —
 Denmark 4 September 1974 — 4 September 1974 1 January 2022 26 May 1989 incl. Greenland (excl 1982 Protocol)
 Finland 16 June 1972 — 14 January 1977 1 January 2022 3 October 1994
 France 9 March 1966 — 30 March 1966 1 January 2022 — incl 16 territories (excl Brussels Protocol)
 Germany 16 June 1972 — 1 October 1975 1 January 2022 13 June 2001
 Greece 12 May 1970 — — 1 January 2022 16 May 2001
 Italy 17 September 1975 — 3 February 1976 1 January 2022 31 July 1991
 Netherlands 28 December 1979 — 28 September 1979 1 January 2022 1 August 1991 European territory only
 Norway 2 July 1973 26 November 2010 7 July 1973 26 November 2010 11 March 1991
 Portugal 29 September 1977 — — 1 January 2022 —
 Slovenia 16 October 2001 — 5 June 2003 1 January 2022 27 January 1995
 Spain 31 October 1961 — 27 July 1966 1 January 2022 —
 Sweden 1 April 1968 — 3 April 1968 1 January 2022 27 January 1992
  Switzerland 9 March 2009 9 March 2009 — 9 March 2009 — Not applicable
 Turkey 10 October 1961 — — 4 January 2022 26 March 2007
 United Kingdom 23 February 1966 Signed but not ratified 24 March 1966 1 January 2022 Signed but not ratified incl. British Virgin Islands,[a] Cayman Islands,[a] Falkland Islands,[b][a] Gibraltar,[a] Guernsey,[b] Hong Kong,[c] Jersey,[d] Isle of Man, Montserrat,[a] Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[a]
Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e f excluding the Brussels Protocol
  2. ^ a b excluding the 1982 Protocol
  3. ^ After the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong, the conventions remained in force
  4. ^ excluding the Paris convention and protocols

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Paris Convention on Nuclear Third Party Liability: Latest status of ratifications or accessions". OECD. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  2. ^ "Convention on Third Party Liability in the field of Nuclear Energy". Traktatenblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (27). 1961. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  3. ^ "Additional Protocol to the Convention on Third Party Liability in the field of Nuclear Energy". Traktatenblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (178). 1964. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  4. ^ "Protocol to amend the Convention on third party liability in the field of nuclear energy of 29th July 1960, as amended by the Additional Protocol of 28th January 1964". Traktatenblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (80). 1983. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  5. ^ "Protocol to amend the convention on third party liability in the field of Nuclear energy of 29 July 1960, as amended by the additional protocol of 28 January 1964 and by the protocol of 16 November 1982" (PDF). OECD. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  6. ^ Publications: Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy. International Atomic Energy Agency.
  7. ^ Convention on third party liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD.

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Convention_on_Third_Party_Liability_in_the_Field_of_Nuclear_Energy