The Assault on Ogdensburg, also known as the First Battle of Ogdensburg or the Battle of Prescott, was an attack by Canadian militia on the American defences at Ogdensburg on October 4, 1812.[1]
Background
With the outbreak of the War of 1812, commerce between New York and Upper Canada along the St. Lawrence River continued regularly, and besides the Battle of Matilda, there had been little military action.
On September 21, 1812, American riflemed conducted the Raid on Gananoque, plundering the town before returning to New York. This raid enraged the British commander at Prescott, Colonel Robert Lethbridge. Lethbridge pled with General George Prevost to launch a retaliatory raid on the strategic town of Ogdensburg, but Prevost forbade any offensive actions along the river.[2]
Assault
Col. Lethbridge finally decided to go against the orders from Prevost and launch an assault against the Americans in October. He gathered a force of 150 Glengarry Light Infantry and approximately 600 militia from Dundas, Leeds, and Stormont and planned to cross the river and amphibiously take the town.[2]
Early on the morning of October 4, the guns at Fort Wellington in Prescott opened up a cannonade against the Fort in Ogdensburg. Under the bombardment, Lethbridge took his force and put into the river with 25 bateaux and 2 gun boats.
The American defences were commanded by Benjamin Forsyth and Sheriff Joseph York, and consisted of the 1st Rifle Regiment, New York Militia, and the Ogdensburg Volunteers. The Fort also had an iron 12-pounder cannon and a brass 6-pounder cannon, commanded by Sheriff York and Lt. Church.
When Lethbridge and the Canadian boats crossed the middle of the river, the Americans opened fire with their cannons and muskets, and after a sharp exchange, forced the Canadians to turn back and return to Prescott under heavy fire.[2]
Aftermath
3 Canadians were killed in the assault, including Private Mott of the 1st Leeds Militia, and over 10 were wounded.[3]
John Kilborn of the Leeds Militia was present during the assault, and recounted in later years:
Assistance from the Brockville men was asked for, and with about forty others, I volunteered and marched to Prescott during the night, under the command of Reuben Sherwood and Lieutenant William Morris. Boats were made ready, and, early in the morning, led by Colonel Lethbridge, with part of a company of regulars, the attack was made. The boat I was in was commanded by William Morris. After getting near the batteries (which they plied constantly), and in front of the town [Ogdensburg], we failed to effect a landing and returned to Prescott. The loss in our boat was one killed and eight wounded.
For disobeying orders and failing to achieve a victory, Col. Lethbridge was stripped of his command by General Prevost and cashiered to a desk job in Montreal, and command of Prescott was turned over to Colonel Thomas Pearson.[2]
Tensions remained high along the St. Lawrence, and the Forsyth's rifleman once again raided along the river in February, raiding Elizabethtown. In response to this raid, Pearson ordered another attack on Ogdensburg, resulting in the Battle of Ogdensburg.
References
- ^ CROIL, James (1861). "Dundas: or, a Sketch of Canadian History". Google Books. pp. 100–101. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d Ashdown, Dana Wilson (February 2015). "Wilkinson's Invasion Flotilla of 1813: A paper examining the American flotilla of Major-General James Wilkinson, and its potential survival in the Salmon River at Fort Covington, New York" (PDF). The War of 1812 Magazine. New York: The Napoleon Series Archive. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Carter, J. Smythe (1905). The Story of Dundas. Iroquois: The St. Lawrence News Publishing House. p. 383.