The Order of Muhammad, also referred to as Order of Sovereignty (Arabic: وسام المحمدي, romanized: Wissam al-Mohammadi, French: Ordre de la Souveraineté or Ordre de Mohammed), is the highest state decoration of the Kingdom of Morocco. The Order was instituted on 16 November 1956 by King Mohammed V of Morocco, who reigned between 1927 and 1961.
Classes
The Order of Muhammad is issued in three classes, one special and two ordinary:
- Special Class: who wears a diamonds and with rubies decorated collar around the neck. The chain has nineteen golden links in the form of stylized flowers in filigree gold and comes together in a large enamelled coat of arms in European style. A badge is suspended to this coat of arms and has the shape of a gold star with ten points. A part of the surface is green enamelled. The central disk of the badge shows the Moroccan coat of arms. Only the badge of the Special Class and the first class contains edged ring set with rubies and diamonds and an outer ring of 36 diamonds. The Special Class is awarded to monarchs and heads of state.
The ordinary classes:
- First Class: who wears a badge in the shape of a star decorated with precious stones on the left chest.
- Second Class: who wears a badge of the order in the shape of a star, but without gemstones, on the left chest.
There is no ribbon attached to the order.
Eligibility
The Order is only eligible for members of the Moroccan royal family, as well as foreign monarchs, princes and princesses, and foreign heads of state. Ordinary Moroccans can also be taken up in this order, although with great exception.[1]
Recipients
Classe exceptionnelle
2002
- Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani: Emir of Qatar.
2003
- Pervez Musharraf: President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
2004
- Ricardo Lagos: President of Chile.
2007
- Nicolas Sarkozy: President of the French Republic.
2008
- Akihito: Emperor of Japan.
2013
- François Hollande: President of the Republic of France.
- Alassane drama Ouattara: president of the Côte d'Ivoire.
- Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani: Emir of Qatar.
2014
- Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta: President of the Republic of Mali.
- Alpha Condé: President of Guinea.[2]
- Moncef Marzouki: President of the Republic of Tunisia.
- Felipe VI and Leitizia: Spain's Sovereigns.[3]
2015
- Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan: crown prince of Abu Dhabi.[4]
- José Mario Vaz: President of the Republic of Guinée Bissau.[5]
2016
- Paul Kagame: President of the Republic of Rwanda.[6]
- Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa: President of the Republic of Portugal.[7]
- John Pombe Magufuli: President of Tanzania.[8]
- Hery Rajaonarimampianina: President of the Republic of Madagascar.[9]
2017
- Nana Akufo-Addo: President of the Republic of Ghana.[10]
2021
- Donald Trump: President of the United States.[11]
Second class
2007
- Lalla Aicha: princess of Morocco.
- Lalla Lamia: princess of Morocco.
- Lalla Fatima: princess of Morocco.
- Lalla Lamia: princess of Morocco.
- Lalla Amina: princess of Morocco.
- Haile Selassie
- Albert II of Belgium
- Queen Paola of Belgium
- Hassanal Bolkiah
- Jefri Bolkiah, Prince of Brunei
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Elizabeth II
- Faisal II of Iraq
- Hussein of Jordan
- Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
- Idris of Libya
- Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad
- Moza bint Nasser
- Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
- Juan Carlos I of Spain
- Queen Sofía of Spain
- Prince Muhammad bin Talal
References
- ^ Oudrhiri, Kaouthar. "Les dix types de wissams royaux accordés par Mohammed VI". Telquel.ma (in French). Retrieved 2022-02-13.
- ^ "Guinean President Offers Official Dinner In Honor Of HM The King". Maroc.ma. 2014-03-05. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
- ^ "HM King Mohammed VI Decorates Spain's Sovereigns with Wissam Al-Mohammadi".
- ^ "HM the King, HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Chair Signing Ceremony of Several Bilateral Cooperation Agreements". www.mapnews.ma. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
- ^ "Guinea-Bissau's president will struggle to reform". Emerald Expert Briefings. 2016-11-07. doi:10.1108/oxan-es214771. ISSN 2633-304X.
- ^ "King Mohammed VI Holds Talks with Pres. Paul Kagame". www.moroccoworldnews.com. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
- ^ "HM the King, Portuguese President Hold Tête-à-Tête Talks". Maroc.ma. 2016-06-28. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
- ^ "King Mohammed VI Holds Talks with Tanzania's President – The North Africa Post". Retrieved 2024-04-13.
- ^ "HM the King Holds Tête-à-tête Talks with Malagasy President in Antananarivo". Maroc.ma. 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
- ^ "HM the King gives Al Mohammadi Wissam to Ghanaian president". www.maparchives.ma. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
- ^ "Trump receives Morocco's highest award for Middle East work".
External links
- Décret royal n° 199-66 du 1er ramadan 1386 (14 décembre 1966) portant création des ordres du Royaume – website of the government of Morocco (in French)