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Wuming Mandarin or Wuming Guanhua (simplified Chinese: 武鸣官话; traditional Chinese: 武鳴官話; pinyin: Wǔmíng Guānhuà), known locally as Wuminghua (武鸣话; 武鳴話; Wǔmínghuà; 'Wuming speech'),[2] is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in urban Wuming District, specifically in the towns of Chengxiang and Fucheng.[3][4][5] It is a variety that has been influenced substantially by Zhuang, which is the majority language of the district.[6][3]

Classification

Wuming Mandarin is classified as a part of the Gui–Liu subgroup (桂柳片; Guì-Liǔ piàn) of Southwestern Mandarin.[7][8] The second edition of the Language Atlas of China further classifies it as part of the Guinan (southern Guangxi) cluster (桂南小片; Guìnán xiǎopiàn).[8]

Phonology

Initials

There are 18 phonemic initials (including the zero initial):[2]

Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Plosive plain p   t   k   ʔ  
aspirated pʰ   tʰ   kʰ      
Affricate plain     ts          
aspirated     tsʰ          
Fricative f   s   x      
Lateral fricative     ɬ          
Nasal   m   n   ŋ    
Lateral approximant       l        

Rimes

There are seventy (70) rimes.[2]

Tones

There are seven tones, six of which are native:[9]

Name Tone letter
yin level (阴平; 陰平) ˧ (33)
yang level (阳平; 陽平) ˨˩ (21)
rising (上声; 上聲) ˥ (55)
departing (去声; 去聲) ˨˦ (24)
high entering (入声高调; 入聲高調) ˥ (55)
low entering (入声低调; 入聲低調) ˨˩ (21)

The other tone, ˧˥ (35), is non-native, occurs in very few words, and corresponds to the yin level (阴平; 陰平) tone in Pinghua.[9]

Notes

  1. ^ WCAEB 2013, p. 137.
  2. ^ a b c Lu 2013, p. 56.
  3. ^ a b WCAEB 1998, vol. 27, ch. 1, sec. 2.
  4. ^ Lu 2012, p. 5.
  5. ^ Huang 1997, p. 57.
  6. ^ Huang 1997, p. 59.
  7. ^ CASS & AAH 1987, B6.
  8. ^ a b Liu 2012, p. 169.
  9. ^ a b Lu 2013, p. 57.

References

  • Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Australian Academy of the Humanities (1987). 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Longman Group (Far East). ISBN 0-582-99903-0.
  • Huang, Yuanwei (1997). "The Interaction between Zhuang and the Yue (Cantonese) Dialects". In Edmondson, Jerold A.; Solnit, David B. (eds.). Comparative Kadai: The Tai Branch. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 57–76. ISBN 1-55671-005-4.
  • Liu, Cunhan (2012). B2—2、3、4 广西壮族自治区的汉语方言. 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Vol. 汉语方言卷 (2nd ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. pp. 166–176. ISBN 978-7-100-07054-6.
  • Lu, Miaoyan (2012). 武鸣县城官话调查报告 [Wuming County Mandarin Investigation Report] (master's) (in Chinese). Guangxi University.
  • Lu, Miaoyan (2013). 武鸣县城官话同音字汇 [Homophony Syllabary of Wuming County Mandarin]. Journal of Baise University (in Chinese). 26 (5): 56–64.
  • Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (1998). 武鸣县志 [Wuming County Annals] (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 7219036698.
  • Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (2013). 武鸣县志（1991～2005） [Wuming County Annals (1991–2005)] (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-219-08337-6.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuming_Mandarin